Imephu engqameneyo: yintoni efunekayo kwaye ngubani owenzayo

Isitriki sokudibanisa imephu yendawo equlethwe yimiphumo yemimiselo yezemimandla yezulu, iqokelelwe kwinqanaba elithile ngexesha kwaye lichaneke ngeempawu kunye nempawu eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwezibikezelo zezulu. Iimephu ezinjalo zizithuba zeemeteorological izikhathi eziliqela ngosuku, kwaye ukuchaneka nokuhlaziywa kwale nkcazelo kusetyenziswa ukubikezela kwezulu.

Iintlobo

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha eziqokelelweyo, iimephu ze-synoptic ziphezulu, isetyhula kunye nephakamileyo.

Isitrafti esiphezulu se-synoptic iqulethe ukubonwa kwezikhululo zemozulu ngexesha leeyure ezingama-3. Izinto zeemeteorological zifakwa kuyo malunga nendawo yokujonga indawo, usebenzisa ikhowudi ye-synoptic yamazwe ngamazwe KN-01.

Imephu ye-annular yintlobo yesitrakthi se-synoptic, apho idatha yeemeteorological iboniswa njengendandatho ngokubaluleka kwezikhululo ezikufuphi kwindawo ethile yemeteorological. Iimephu ziza kuba yintloko yenkcazo yexesha elifutshane lommandla othile. Idatha kwizinto ezibonakalayo zeemeteorological, izinga lokunyanzeliswa kunye neendawo eziphambili ziboniswe kwimephu ngemibala eyahlukileyo.

Ubungakanani, okanye i-aerological, iimephu zenza iinkcukacha ngeemeko zemozulu kwindawo ephakamileyo. Ziye zahlula ngokwahlukileyo (malunga nokuphakama okuthe ngqo) kunye nezihlobo (eziphakamileyo ezimbini kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo).

Ziziphi izinto zeemeteorological?

Izinto zeemeteorological zibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zendalo, ezibhaliswe yimimandla yezemvelo kunye nezixhobo ze-aerological kwizikhululo zemozulu kunye namaziko okuhlola. Ezi zikhombisi, ngaphezu kobushushu obusondeleyo, amanzi kunye nomhlaba, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nobumanzi bomoya, luquka ukukhokela kunye nokukhawuleza komoya, izinga lokufufusa, ukunyaniseka kwamanzi, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukukhanya kwelanga, iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.

Njengoko kwakukho isidingo sokubikezela imozulu

Ingxaki yokubikezela imozulu isoloko ixhalaba ngabantu. Abasimili ekuphishekeleni isityalo esikhulu bafuna ukuvelisa umsebenzi wezolimo kwiimeko ezilungileyo kakhulu zezityalo zezolimo. Abanxweme kunye nabalobi babefuna ukwazi indlela yokuphumelela ngokukhawuleza iindawo eziqhwithelayo, kwaye yiyiphi imihla engafanelekanga ukuya elwandle.

Ebukumkani baseRussia, ukwakhiwa kweenethwekhi zezitishi sezulu kwaqala ngo-1832. Ngo-1849 kwakukho ama-54 kubo kwihlabathi, uninzi lwawo onke amazwe aseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zikhululo azikwazanga ukucwangcisa kwaye zivelise idatha eqokelelweyo kwiimephu zeemozulu zentsebenziswano ngenxa yokungabikho koqhagamshelwano lwe-telegraph phakathi kwabo.

Abantu baseYurophu babenomdla ngokugqithiseleyo ngesimo semeko yexesha leMfazwe yaseCrimea (1853-1856), xa ngoNovemba 14, 1854, iqhwithi elibi labethelela i-Allied army under the Sevastopol. Umzimba wabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-400 elwandle, bengenanto yokuthutha ukutya komkhosi kunye nemivuzo yejoni. Isiphumo sasiyintlupheko yesifo kunye nekholera kwimikhosi yama-Allied.

Ngubani oqalise ukuqulunqa iimephu ze-synoptic kwaye nini?

Urhulumente waseFransi wayala i-astronometer u-Urben Leverrier ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kungenzeka ukuba uqikelele ukuhlaselwa kwemozulu esengaphambili. ULeverrier wenza ulwazi oluthe xaxa lokuqokelela umsebenzi ngemozulu iintsuku eziliqela ngaphambi nangemva kwephepho leCrimea kwiindawo ezingama-250 kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ukuphawula le nkcukacha kwimephu. Ngoko wafumana imephu yokuqala, ebonisa ukuba i-cyclone yayinokuqikelelwa malunga nemini kwaye ilungiselele imoto kunye nomkhosi.

E-United Kingdom, umdlalo obonakalayo kwiimeko zemozulu waboniswa ngowe-1860 nguRobert Fitzroy, umthumeli ophumelelayo owaba ngumthetheli wezaziso zokuqala zesiNgesi waza wazimisela ukukhusela ukutshatyalaliswa kweenqanawa ngexesha leemvula. UFitzroy kunye nabancedisi bakhe bafumana iinkcukacha zemihla ngemihla kwizikhululo ezingama-24 e-Ngilandi nakwamanye amazwe, zaza zaza zazaliswa kunye ne-map of synoptic. Eli gama laqulunqwa nguFitzroy, ethatha njengesiseko sesiGrike esithi "synopsis", eguqulela ngokuthi "ibonakala ngokukhawuleza".

Iiprogram zaseRashiya eziManyeneyo

Iikhompyutha zobugcisa zanamhlanje ziye zaququzelela kakhulu ukuqokelela kunye neenkqubo zokuqwalaselwa kweemeteorological kwihlabathi lonke. Imephu ye-synoptic yaseRussia namhlanje ihlanganiswa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Ikuvumela ukuba uvelise izibalo zokuchitha ixesha ngemizuzwana.

Imephu ye-synoptic yenxalenye yaseYurophu yeRashiya kunye nelizwe lonke lifikelela ngokubanzi kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeNkonzo ye-Federal Hydrometeorology kunye nokuLawulwa kweNdalo. Apha ungabona ukuhlaziywa kwendawo yemozulu eyenziwa liSebe lexesha elifutshane kunye neziganeko eziyingozi zeziko leRussia Hydrometeorological Centre.

Imephu yendibano yenxalenye yaseYurophu yaseRashiya ivumela abemi balapha ukuba bangaboni nje kuphela imvula kunye nokushisa, kodwa nokulungiselela iziganeko ezimbi zendalo, ukuba bazi izinga lomngcipheko womlilo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni eziseduze kunye nolunye ulwazi oluncedo.