Imbali yomprofeti uMuhammad. Imihla ebalulekileyo kunye neziganeko zobomi, i-biography emfutshane

AmaSulumane yenye yezona ntshukumo zezenkolo ezixhaphake kakhulu kwihlabathi. Okwangoku, ngokupheleleyo, kunabalandeli abangaphezulu kwezigidigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Umsunguli nomprofeti omkhulu wale nkolo ungumthonyama wesizwe samaArabhu ogama linguMakhmad. Ngokuphathelele ubomi bakhe - iimfazwe kunye neembonakaliso - ziya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.

Ukuzalwa nokuzalwa komsunguli we-Islam

Ukuzalwa koMprofeti u-Muhammad kuyimicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu kumaSulumane. Kwaku-570 (okanye kunjalo) kwisixeko saseMecca, esisekuhlaleni kweSaudi Arabia yanamhlanje. Umshumayeli wexesha elizayo wayevela kwisizwe esinamandla samaKuraysh, abagcini bemikhosi yecawa yama-Arabhu, eyona nto yayiyi-Kaaba, eya kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Abazali bakaMuhammad balahleka kakhulu. Wayengazi uyise nantoni, ekubeni wafa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, kwaye unina wafa xa umprofeti ozayo wayeneminyaka emithandathu ubudala. Ngoko ke, le nkwenkwe yanyuswa nguyise nomalume. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yomkhulu wakhe, umfana uMuhammad waxubusha kakhulu ngcamango yokuxhaswa kwamanye amazwe, nangona uninzi lwabantu bakhe beza kuthiwa ngabahedeni, banqula uninzi lwezithixo ze-Arabhu zasendulo. Yile ndlela imbali yenkolo yomprofeti u-Muhammad yaqala ngayo.

Ulutsha lwexesha elizayo umprofeti kunye nomtshato wokuqala

Xa lo mfana ekhula, umalume wakhe wammisela kwimicimbi yakhe yorhwebo. Ndimele ndithi uMuhammad kubo uphumelele ngokwaneleyo, ukuba uhloniphekile kwaye uthembele phakathi kwabantu bakhe. Imicimbi phantsi kobunkokeli yakhe yahamba kakuhle kangangokuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waba ngumphathi we shishini loshishino lomfazi ocebile ogama linguKhadija. Olu hlobo luthandana nomntwana omncinci uMuhammad, ukukhululana kwezoshishino kwancinci kuye kwaba ngumntu. Abazange baphazamise, kuba uKhadija wayengumhlolokazi, emva koko, uM Mohammed wamtshata. Le nyunyana yayivuyayo, isibini sasihlala sithandana kunye nokuvisisana. Ukususela kulo mtshato umprofeti wayenabantwana abathandathu.

Ubomi benkolo bomprofeti ebusheni bakhe

UMuhammad wayehlala ezinikela. Wayecinga kakhulu ngezinto zikaThixo kwaye wayehlala esethatha umhlala-mthandazo. Kwakhona wayenesiko lokuthatha umhlala phantsi kwiintaba ixesha elide, ukuze afihle emqolombeni kwaye achithe ixesha apho ekuzila ukutya nasemithandazweni. Iminye imbali yomprofeti u-Muhammad ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokunye okubanjiswayo, okwafika ngonyaka we-610. Wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Nangona wayesele ekhulile, uMuhammad wavulelwa kumava amatsha. Kwaye lo nyaka wawuguqulela. Omnye usenokuthi ngaloo nto ukuzalwa okwesibini komprofeti uMuhammad kwenzeka, ukuzalwa ngokuchanekileyo njengomprofeti, njengenkokheli yonqulo nomshumayeli.

ISityhilelo sikaGabriyeli (uJabriyeli)

Ngamafutshane, uMuhammad wafumana intlanganiso kunye noGabriel (uJabriel ngesiNgesi) - ingelosi enkulu, eyaziwa kwiincwadi zamaYuda kunye namaKristu. Okugqibela, njengamaSulumane akholelwa, ithunyelwe nguThixo ukuvula umprofeti omtsha amagama ambalwa, awayefumana umyalelo wokufunda. Bathi, ngokweenkolelo zamaSilamsi, baba yimigca yokuqala yeKoran - isibhalo esingcwele samaSulumane.

Kamva uGabriyeli, ebonakalisa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo okanye ngokuzivakalisa ngezwi, wanika imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo kaMahammad evela phezulu, okokuthi, evela kuThixo, obizwa ngeArabhu ngokuthi Allah. Umva wambonakalisa kuMuhammad, iNkosi, owathetha ngaphambili ngabaprofeti bakwaSirayeli nakuYesu Kristu. Ngaloo ndlela kwakukho inkolo yesithathu ka-Abraham- Islam. Umprofeti uMuhammad waba ngumsunguli wakhe oyinyaniso kunye nomshumayeli onamandla.

Ubomi bukaMuhammad emva kokuqala kwentshumayelo

Enye imbali yomprofeti u-Muhammad ibonakaliswe yintlekele. Ngenxa yokushumayela kwakhe okuqhubekayo, wafumana ezininzi iintshaba. Yena kunye nabaguquli bakhe abatsha babethandwa ngabantu babo. AmaSulumane amaninzi aphotyelwa ukuba aphephe e-Abyssinia, apho ayekhuselwe khona ngothando ngukumkani wamaKristu.

Ngo-619 uKhadija, umfazi othembekileyo womprofeti, wafa. Emva kokufa kwakhe, kunye nomalume womprofeti, owamkhusela umntakwabo kubantu abathukutheleyo. Ukuphepha ukutshutshiswa nokutshutshiswa kwiintshaba, uMuhammad kwafuneka ahambe eMecca yakhe yasekuhlaleni. Wazama ukufumana indawo yokukhusela kwisixeko saseArabhu esiseduze saseTaif, kodwa akazange avunywe apho. Ngoko ke, kwingozi yakhe kunye nomngcipheko, waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele.

Kungekudala umprofeti ungena kumtshato wesibini kunye nomguquleli wakhe omtsha ogama linguSaud. Emva koko, ngokwemveli yaseArabhu yesithembu, emva kweSauda, unomnye umfazi-uAisha.

ISityhilelo eYerusalem

Ngaloo nyaka, esinye isiganeko senzekile esivalele zonke iintlekele ezifunyanwa ngumprofeti u-Muhammad. Ibali lobomi bakhe lixelela ukuba ngo-619 wayedluliselwa ngokumangalisayo emkhatsini webusuku eYerusalem, apho uGabriel wamhambisa khona endleleni evulekile emazulwini etroneni yoPhezukonke. Ngaloo busuku wavela phambi kuka-Allah waza wafumana imiyalelo ecacileyo ngomthandazo, owaba yinto enyanzelisayo yokunyaniseka kuyo nayiphi na isiSilamsi. Namhlanje kuthiwa yiNamaz kwaye yenye yeentsika zama-Islam.

Ukuhlaziywa koMprofeti waseMecca ukuya eYathrib

Xa umalume kaMuhammad efile, lo mfundi waqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba ngoku akukho mntu umkhuselayo, kwaye amaKuraysh echasayo aya kumbulala kamva okanye kamva. Ngoko ke, waphinda wagqiba ekubeni ahambe. Ngeli xesha uMuhammad wakhetha njengekhaya lakhe elitsha kwisixeko saseYathrib, apho wamenywa khona ixesha elide ngabalawuli, ababengenayo intshumayelo yakhe. Xa umprofeti wangena kuloo mzi, abemi beza kumhlangabeza ngehlombe. Ngamnye wabo waqala ukumnika ikhaya lakhe njengendawo yokuhlala, ehlonipha isidima kuye, ukuba phantsi kophahla lwakhe wahlala uMahammad. Umprofeti waseMoslems, ngokusobala, edidekile ngolo hlobo lokubamkela, wanikela ukukhetha lakhe ... ikamela. Isilwanyana sahamba ngezitrato zeso sixeko kwaye sayeka kwindawo leyo ngemihla eyomileyo. Le ndawo yenziwa ngokukhawuleza kumprofeti ukuze akhiwe indlu kuyo. Esi sixeko saqanjwa kwakhona ngokuthi iMedina, oku kuthetha "iNdlu yoMprofeti". Abemi banika uMuhammad igunya eligunyazisiweyo kunye nelungelo lokugweba oko umprofeti owayesanda kuvakalisa engazange ahluleke ukuyisebenzisa-ngokukhawuleza wazibiza njengenkokeli nenkokeli yabemi baseMedina.

IMedina phantsi kolawulo lukaMuhammad

Ulawulo lukaMuhammad eMedina lwaluqala ngokulula. Wavimbela iingxabano ezingenakuphikisana kwaye wachaza ukuba eMedina wonke umntu angazibiza ngokucacileyo ukholo lwakhe ngaphandle kokwesaba intshutshiso. Ngokumalunga nemithetho yelizwe, uMuhammad naye waba ngumntu onobubele, nangona engekho umbusi onenceba. Ngandlela-thile, zonke izenzo zakhe zazingekho phantsi kwentswelo yonqulo, eyayigxininisa ngokupheleleyo kwi-Islam.

Ubomi bomntu bomprofeti wabuya kwiimeko zokuthozama. Ukufumana amandla kunye nobutyebi, wahlala endlwini encinci yodongwe kunye nabafazi bakhe. Wayenayo indawo yokuhlala, ezininzi iinkonzo kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zokunethezeka, abalawuli beempuma basoloko behluke. Imihla awayeyichitha engadini yakhe, apho abalandeli bakhe babuthana khona ukuphulaphula iimfundiso zonqulo nokuthandaza. Kwaye wachitha ubusuku ngokuthandaza, ngokusoloko ephika iphupha. Ibali lomprofeti u-Muhammad lizele ezi ziqendu.

Ukunqotshwa kweMecca

EMedina, umprofeti wayenakho konke-amandla, ubutyebi, abalandeli. Kodwa wayelanga ukubuyela eMecca. Ngoko uAllah wamyala. Kwaye uMprofeti u-Muhammad wanquma ukuqonda le njongo ngo-628. Kanye nabaxhasi bakhe abayi-1400, yena, ngaphandle kwezixhobo, wafika ezindongeni zaseMecca. Kwakungekho ukulwa, kodwa isenzo sohambo lwenkolo. Bonke amaSulumane ababevela eMedina ayegqoke izambatho ezimhlophe. Kodwa izikhulu zedolophu zazingavumi ukuzivumela, ngoko zenza imihlatshelo ecaleni kwendawo yokuhlala ebizwa ngokuthi yiHudaibiya, kwaye emva koko yabuyela eMedina.

Nangona kunjalo, uMuhammad akazange amshiye injongo yakhe yokunqoba uMecca. Ekubuyeni kwakhe eMedina, waqala ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokunqoba kwakhe. Ukunyamezela kunye nokunyaniseka akuzange kudingeke ukuba athathe-okufana nomfanekiso womprofeti Muhammad kwimbali, kwaye kulungile. Nangona kunjalo, lo mgangatho uye wathwala iziqhamo. Ngo-629, uMprofeti wahola ibutho lamaSilamsi elinamawaka alishumi elinamandla kwaye waya eMedina. Isizathu esivakalayo sesi sibalo sokuhlaselwa kwabaseMeccans kwenye yezizwe zamaArabhu, ezazisondelene namaSulumane. Emva kokuhlala phantsi kwinqanaba lomzi, uMuhammad waqala ukulinda. Umkhosi phantsi komyalelo wakhe wawunzima kakhulu ngeli xesha. Ngako oko, uMecca wanikela ngaphandle kwemfazwe, kwaye uMuhammad wangena kwisixeko njengokunqoba.

Ukuvunyelwa kweHajj

Umfanekiso woMprofeti uMuhammad njengomntu onobuxoki onqulo awukho ngengozi. Ukulwa noMecca, akazange abuyele kwiiofisi zombuso kunye noorhulumente, kungekhona kwi-treasury kwaye engekho kwinkundla. Ngokukhawuleza xa wangena kwiindonga zeso sixeko, uMuhammad wagijima ngqo kwi-Kaaba. Wayejikeleza ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa, emva koko wangena ngaphakathi waza wabhubhisa yonke imifanekiso yobuhedeni. Emva koko, uhambo oluya eKaaba lwaba yinto ebalulekileyo. UMuhammad, njengokuba amaSulumane akholelwa, wathola ukhokelo olukhethekileyo oluvela kuSomandla malunga nendlela yokwenza lo msebenzi. Yena ngokwakhe ngokwalo mithetho yenze kanye kuphela - ngo-632. Kwimemori yehlabathi lamaSilamsi, ibizwa ngokuba ngu "Hajat al-Vida", oko kukuthi, "I-Pilgrimage yokugqibela." Yonke inzala yokomoya yomprofeti u-Muhammad inyanzelekile ukuphinda ebomini bakhe lohambo oluya eKaaba okungenani kanye.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi nokufa komprofeti

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, uMahmed wachitha ekuguleni. Abaphili bazama ngaphandle kokumphilisa, kodwa abazange baphumelele. Imithandazo yabathembekileyo, njengomprofeti ngokwakhe, yayingenasiphumo.

Ngokuba wayekwazi, uMuhammad wazama ukuthatha inxaxheba kubomi benkolo yoluntu. Waholela imithandazo waza wafunda intshumayelo. Ukugqibela kwabo kwachazwa kwiNtaba yaseArafat.

Xa uMphrofethi Muhammad wafa, wayeneminyaka engamashumi mathandathu anesithathu ubudala. Kukholelwa ukuba amagama akhe okugqibela yayingumagama: "Ndizimisele ukuba ube yiparadesi phakathi kweyona nto ifanelekileyo".