Iisimboli imichiza kunye nemigaqo sokubekwa kwabo

Chemistry, njengaye nawuphi na inzululwazi, kufuna ngqo. inkqubo ingxelo kule ndawo ulwazi ineenkcukacha kangangeenkulungwane, yaye ukuya standard umhla yi isakhiwo olenzelwe oluqulathe yonke ingcaciso eyimfuneko ukuze engaphezulu theory kunye into ethile ngamnye.

Xa neefomula ukubhala kunye zibalo indisokolisa kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa lonke igama iziyobisi, kwaye ngoku esetyenziselwe le njongo enye okanye ezimbini iileta - iisimboli imichiza lweziqalelo.

indaba

Mandulo, kwakunye kumaXesha aPhakathi, abaphengululi basebenzisa umfanekiso yokomfuziselo iindawo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa le miqondiso azizange mgangathweni. Kuphela kwinkulungwane XIII, ukuzama nokumisa iisimboli izinto kunye lweziqalelo, kwaye kwinkulungwane XV baqalisa iintsimbi lutsha abekwe oonobumba bokuqala lamagama awo. Isicwangciso efanayo isetyenziswa amagama kweekhemikhali ukuya namhlanje.

Imeko yangoku kwinkqubo igama

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezingaphezu kwesinye elinamanci mabini na imichiza, ezinye zazo zifumaneka kwindalo kuyingxaki kakhulu. Akumangalisi ke, phakathi nenzululwazi ngenkulungwane XIX wayesazi ubukho 63 kuphela kubo, kwaye akubangakho igama enye inkqubo okanye indlela ingxelo data yemichiza esiqinileyo.

Le ngxaki lokugqibela isonjululwe kwisiqingatha sesibini sisazinzulu Russian kwinkulungwane efanayo D. I. Mendeleev, ngokusekelwe aluphumelelanga amalinge ngaphambili. apha inkqubo iyaqhubeka namhlanje - kukho izinto ezininzi zininzi 119 nangaphezulu, itafile isimboli ukuncitshiswa Latin inani layo ulandelelwano. iisimboli pronunciation imichiza kolu didi ikhutshwa phandle ngokufunda imigaqo neenyumerali Latin: 119 - ununennium (ngokoqobo "ikhulu elinamanci elinethoba.") 120 - unbinilium ( "omnye ikhulu lwamashumi omabini") njalo njalo.

Inxalenye enkulu izinto unalo igama evela kwisiLatini, isiGrike, Arabic, iingcambu waseJamani, kwezinye iimeko zibonisa iimpawu kwinjongo izinto, ngelixa abanye benza njengoko kungekho-zizizathu abalinganiswa.

Le etymology kwezinye izinto

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, amanye amagama kunye neempawu izinto zisekelwe iimpawu cala ebonakalayo.

igama phosphorus, eqaqambayo ebumnyameni, livela amagama lesiGrike "kuzisa ukukhanya". Xa iguqulelwe kulwimi Russian lifumaneka kakhulu okuninzi 'ukuthetha' amagama: yeKhlorini - "green" bromine - "etsho ngevumba" rubidium - "mnyama red" indium - "indigo". Ekubeni iisimboli eekhemikhali izinto zinikwe ngoonobumba Latin, lo gama unxibelelwano ngqo kunye ezibonakalayo ukuze yenethiwekhi ulwimi Russian ngokuqhelekileyo zinto azithathelwa ngqalelo.

Kukho kwakhona awukuba inobuqhophololo ngaphezu kunye negama. Ngenxa yoko, igama selenium lisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithetha "inyanga." Oku kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba uhlobo tellurium element uliqabane, igama lesiGrike elithetha "Land".

Ngokufanayo igama kunye ukrweco. Ngokutsho kwiintsomi zamaGrike, Niobe - intombi ka Tantalus. element Chemical tantalum iye yavulwa ngaphambili kunye neempawu zayo zifana ukrweco - uxhulumaniso ubhalo kangaka "uyise-intombi" yaye eqikelelweyo kwi "ulwalamano" na imichiza.

Ngaphezu koko, tantalum, igama lalo wokuwonga elaa umlinganiswa odumileyo wentsomi ayikho ngengozi. Inyaniso kukuba ngokuya lwesi sakhi ngohlobo yayo enyulu nzima kakhulu, ngoko izazinzulu ubhenele ukuba phraseologisms "tantalizing".

Enye into ukwazi zembali kukuba igama platinum leyo ngokoqobo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "serebrishko" t. E. Into efanayo, kodwa hayi risima ku fana zesilivere. Isizathu kukuba intsimbi inyibilikiswa Isilivere kakhulu ngakumbi nzima, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide ayikwazanga ukufumana isicelo yexabiso elincinane.

Umgaqo Lilonke apha izinto

Xa ujonge le ngamaxesha etafileni into yokuqala ozithandayo iliso lakho - amagama kunye neempawu imichiza. Kuhlala oonobumba omnye okanye emibini, owokuqala leyo - isihloko. iileta Ukukhetha ukuba igama lesiLatini le element. Nangona esineengcambu mazwi avela isiGrike kwisiLatini, kunye nezinye iilwimi, iziphelo Latin ezidityaniswe amagama esemgangathweni kubo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, uninzi yeesimboli abaphethe ulwimi Russian kuya kuba enobuchwepheshe: aluminiyam, zinc, calcium okanye nemagnesium yesikolo ngokulula ukhumbula ixesha lokuqala. Nzima kunjalo magama, ezahluke kwinguqulelo Russian nesiLatini. Umfundi akavumelekanga nangoko ukukhumbula ukuba silicon - i Silicium kunye mercury - gidrargirum. Noko ke, kufanelekile ukuba siyikhumbule - lumelo graphic isiqalelo ngasinye sijoliswe kwi-Latin igama kweziyobisi, nto leyo eya iyavela iifomyula yemichiza nokuxubana Si kunye HG ngokulandelelanayo.

Ukukhumbula amagama abafundi enjalo kuluncedo ukwenza umthambo ezifana "Tshatisa uphawu isiqalelo kwemichiza kunye negama layo."

igama Ezinye iindlela

Amagama ezinye izinto ezivela ulwimi Arabic yaye "isitayile" ngaphantsi Latin. Umzekelo, isodiyam lifumene igama engcanjini kwisiseko elithetha "Isiyaluyalu arhente." imvelaphi Arab kwakhona akafumaneki amagama potassium kunye zirconium.

impembelelo lakhe kunye nesiJamani. Ukusuka apha ukuba kwenzeke izinto ezifana manganese, ayibe, nickel, zinc, Tungsten. Umdibaniso kusengqiqweni nto ngaso, umzekelo, nickel - segama ilizwi, elithetha "umtyholi sobhedu."

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, amagama ziye zaguqulelwa Russian njengoko iphepha lokuzoba: gidrogenium (ngokoqobo "wazala ngamanzi") wajika hydrogen karboneum - carbon.

Amagama kunye namagama indawo

izinto ezingaphezulu kweshumi zithiywe izazinzulu ezahlukeneyo, kuquka Albert Einstein, Dmitri Mendeleev, uEnrico Fermi, Alfred Nobel, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, uMariya Kyuri kunye nabanye.

Amanye amagama ziye zavela kwezinye izibizo: amagama ezixeko, uthi kunye namazwe. Umzekelo: impangele, Dubna, europium, tenessin. Asiyiyo yonke amagama ndawo zibonakala eziqhelekileyo kwizithethi lokuzalwa Russian: ngenkankulu umntu ngaphandle uqeqesho yenkcubeko ufunda ilizwi Nihon self Japan - Nihon (ovuthayo:. Le Kwilizwe LaseJapan), kunye ചിഹ്നം uphawu - Latin version Copenhagen. Nokuba igama ilizwe kwi ruthenium ilizwi - asinto umsebenzi olula. Noko ke, iRussia e Latin kuthiwa ruthenium, yaye yathiywa imbeko kwemichiza element yakhe 44th.

Vela itafile ngamaxesha athile amagama imizimba yasezulwini: iiplanethi, Uranus, nguNeptune, iPluto, Ceres, eli litye Pallas. Ngaphandle amagama abalinganiswa kwiintsomi zamaGrike (tantalum, ukrweco), ukudibana kunye yaseScandinavia: thorium, vanadium.

lwezakhi

Xa wazana kuthi namhlanje, netafile ngamaxesha, ethwele igama nguDmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev, izinto zibekwe kwimiqolo kunye periods. Xa iseli nganye, into imichiza zibonakaliswe yi phawu imichiza, ecaleni ezinye iinkcukacha zinikiwe kuyo: igama lakhe elipheleleyo, inombolo yesiriyeli, ukusasazwa esicwangciswe elektroni, isalamane mass atom. Iseli nganye umbala wayo, leyo ixhomekeke S- eyabelwe, p-, isiqalelo d- kunye f-.

izimiso ukurekhoda

Xa urekhoda izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo kunye isobars ephezulu ekhohlo kuthelekiswa element isimboli obekwe inani mass - inani elipheleleyo protons kunye neutron kwi ngumongo. Xa oku kubekwa phezu ekhohlo inani esezantsi atomic emele inani protons.

Ion ophethe kubhalwe ekunene phezulu, kwaye kwicala elinye ukusuka ezantsi ibonisa inani athom. Uphawu imichiza njalo nge ngonobumba omkhulu.

iinguqulelo National ukurekhoda

Kwingingqi Asia-Pacific uye izipelingi ezahlukeneyo iisimboli imichiza isekelwe kwiindlela yobulali yokubhala. Kwinkqubo Chinese weempawu zingavela imiqondiso yokuqala, elandelwa abalinganiswa ngokwexabiso lazo phonetic. abalinganiswa metal ngaphambi uphawu "metal" okanye "igolide" iigesi - olukhulu "umphunga", nonmetals - kanji "ilitye".

Kumazwe aseYurophu, kukho kwakhona iimeko xa izinto amanqaku recording ziyahluka ukusuka ebhalwe kule tafile ngamazwe. Umzekelo, eFransi, initrogen, Tungsten kunye beryllium amagama abo kulwimi yesizwe kwaye otyunjwe imifuziselo efanelekileyo.

Ekuphetheni

Ngoxa ukufunda esikolweni okanye iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, ukuba ukukhumbula ngentloko zonke iziqulatho zale lwezakhi akufuneki. Ukukhunjulwa ukuba awugcine iisimboli eekhemikhali izinto ezifumaneka ngokufuthi neefomula kunye zibalo, kwaye yimiyalezo amaxesha ngamaxesha ukubukela intanethi okanye incwadi.

Noko ke, ukuze kungabikho iimpazamo nochuku, kuyimfuneko ukwazi njani na structuring idata kwitheyibhile, apho ekufuneka ukufumana idata umthombo, ngokucacileyo khumbula ukuba igama eziqalelo ayashiyana Russian kunye nenguqulelo yesiLatini. Kungenjalo, mhlawumbi ngempazamo ukwamkela mg MN kunye N - phezu sodium.

Ukuze ufumane ukwenza ezinye isanda, le mithambo. Umzekelo, faka iisimboli imichiza ukuthatha ukulandelelana isihloko lwezakhi ngengozi. Njengoko usiba namava zonke uya kuwela indawo umbuzo ukukhumbula olu lwazi osisiseko uya kutshitsha ngokwalo.