Iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ebukumkanini Catherine Catherine 2. Ixesha 2

N 2 kwimbali yoBukhosi Russian - kuba akukho namnye nje babalawuli urhulumente esikhulu, yinto eziqaphelekayo, buyinto ezizodwa. Xa ziye iinguqu ezininzi kunye isoka apho. ixesha Russia uCatherine kaThixo - amandla amakhulu, ukuba isicelo sokulawula unaphakade uqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Yintoni Sisoloko sisiva uCatherine Omkhulu?

Inzala ngabongi. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto "yeyona umdla" iinyaniso malunga UCatherine 2 ngayo, njengoko umthetho, ezinye iinkcukacha nefarious yobomi bakhe buqu, inxalenye ezitenxileyo, elenziwa ngeelwimi ezimbi.

Le ndoda avareji esitalatweni "nje uyazi" ukuba waye umfazi amandla-bothando, olunobundlobongela (umntu abulawe, serdeshnogo), kwaye olungcolileyo, kakhulu. abathandi abaninzi UCatherine 2, owokuqala apho wakhumbuza UGrigory Potemkin, kudala ukususela waba ngundaba-. Kubalelwa kuye, nokuthanda iziyolo zasendle, ngokuzoba uhlobo Russian uKumkanikazi Messalina, kodwa nto ngaphezu kokuba eyinyani, ayisekho akukho bungqina insinuations ezinjalo.

Iinoveli nangokuthanda

Iinoveli, Kakade ke, kwafuneka abaninzi. Kwanangaphambi kokuba ukususwa kumandla ka Paul III, kwi-50 yokuqala, wakwazi ukuba Saltykov, igosa Guard. Xa ngo-1754 wazalwa elizayo uMlawuli noPawulos, kukho amarhe gqolo ukuba utata wakhe wayengekho kuloo a nguzwilakhe Russian. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina kulo.

Ndimele ndithi Catherine 2 abathandi bezihlala zitshintsha. kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba ekuqaleni lithandana Saltykov uKumkanikazi enobubele ngobunono kunye Poniatowski, ukumkani elizayo Poland. Emva esinye isiqingatha elishumi kwi 60s ekuqaleni ', waba nesithandwa sakhe Grigori Orlov, ngubani ekugqibeleni kwamnceda ukuba bambambe amandla.

umtshato Ayiphumelelanga - ubhedu

Ndikunye nomyeni wakhe, uPeter III, ubudlelwane uCatherine akazange ukuphuhlisa. Kuninzi okuye kwabhalwa malunga yokuba umlawuli Russian wayeyindoda flighty kwaye bobusana, yaye ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, nto leyo iingxaki kuphela zonyango kunye psyche. Umfazi wakhe, akazibekanga nokuba kukuwuphi na umcimbi, waphila ngokuphandle ozithandayo wakhe, Vorontsova, kwaye ngo-1762 kwiimeko ezo amaqabane zomthetho sazivelela indlela ukusongela nguzwilakhe: woyika rhoqo yokugxothwa okanye ude ubulale.

Inxalenye mdibi, eyenziwa elizayo yedwa uKumkanikazi uCatherine 2, yaba loqhankqalazo preemptive ngaphandle "okanye Ndathi kuye, nokuba yena kum" series. Ndimele ndithi ukuba uPetros III akazange abone zithandwa kakhulu. Xa uCatherine wavakalisa uKumkanikazi (kwenzeka oko enqabeni Izmailovsky) eSt Petersburg liqhuma, nixhamle. Sekunjalo, ngubani Catherine 2 waba ovusa: engenakuphikiswa clever, eyingqondi, mfazi efundile, yena kungcono kudityaniswe itrone ngaphezu umyeni wakhe kwesigele.

Le lika lixesha yokungabikho soMhlekazi, baya (inkathazo yakho) e Oranienbaum. Ekubeni bafunda malunga ezihlekisayo esi sibini, uPetros III wayezama ukuqiqa kunye naye, kodwa kubhakwa Catherine 2, yaye akazange afune ukuba bacinge malunga thethwano. Lo kumkani wanyanzeleka ukuba asuke itrone - yaye izolo i-Prussia Princess Sophia Augusta Frederica waba ilungelo kuphela kweli lizwe.

ukunakekela osisilumko

Noko ke, kuya kuba nzima elungileyo ukuthetha amandla ingundoqo: uCatherine kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuqhubeka ngononophelo, kunye iliso kokusingqongileyo. Isiphelo uzama ukuphila ngokwabo, kungekho namnye okholwayo ukuba ngawakhe njani na, oku nekhefu.

UKumkanikazi neze wafuna ukuba ingxabano naye nabani na, yaye xa sikhangela iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Catherine 2, ngoko qiniseka ukuba ukukhankanya ukuba nayiphi na izithandane yakhe baxabana sheets ezintathu. Xa ebezingasukeli ongenamkhethe izolo kaThixo, zange phantsi ihlazo ngenxa oluthethwayo. istayile sakhe lonxibelelwano abemi singekhe babubone: uKumkanikazi waba ngobuchule, guquki, lungisa le interlocutor.

indawo brilliant

Kuthiwa ukumkani wenza kwisuti. Xa lento uyijonga, kulingana Catherine 2 abalawuli abangazange baye eRashiya. Oku ngathi akukho namnye umntu wayesazi ukuba siqonde indlela ubuchule abantu engeenxa zonke kuyo. Akulambathi ebudeni bolawulo Catherine 2 yabalasela ukuvela inani nosaziwayo zoluntu. Inyaniso, umntu onesiphiwo uKumkanikazi akwazi ukuxolela lukhulu.

Umzekelo okuphawuleka ulwalamano lwakhe nge langa Aleksandrom Vasilevichem Suvorovym, owathi, njengokuba sisazi, amazwi akhe musa ukudlula, kwaye ngengqiqo, waye nonconformist kunokuba ongunogqwashu. Njengokuba kude njengoko uKumkanikazi yakwazi ukuthetha ulwimi olufanayo nabantu bakhe olukhulu, libonisa ukuba imbalelwano amafutshane balandela emva lokufakwa nokuphumelela umphathi edume of Warsaw. Ophumelele lucky, sumnyashesya engento, wabhalela neshweshwe layo: "oo! Warsaw Wethu "- yaye safumana impendulo laconic ngokulinganayo:" oo! Field Marshal Suvorov! "

Age of Ukukhanya kunye serfdom

Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka sifunda ukuba zonke iinzame zemfundo Catherine, ukudlala ngothando lwakhe kunye uVoltaire kunye nezinye izinto zobunene ngakumbi akukho ngaphezu kokuba eBluff. Oko ngokwenyani negalelo ekomelezeni serfdom, ekugqibeleni amakhoboka abalimi esele lilishwa. Akuthandeki ukuba mbi umbono isemthethweni, ngenxa ekhusela "ummangalelwa" bathi ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Catherine 2. Ngokomzekelo, lowo kunye needolophu ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini bavele kwimephu weRashiya, kwaye liye landa ngumntu wesithathu (10 million).

Nakwindawo zokugcina Catherine yabonisa mbongi emininzi umxholo ukupheliswa serfdom, le embodiments ezahlukeneyo le guqula, kodwa akazange ukuba.

Thathela ingqalelo iinjongo

Phambi elahla ukumkanikazi, kufuneka, ke, khumbula ukuba "ezintsha" ezinjalo akungekwazeki ukuba wadibana ugcobe phakathi nabanini Russian, kwaye ingxabano nabanumzana enamandla uKumkanikazi wayengafuni; kuba amandla ngayo yayisekelwe ngenkxaso yabo kwaye kwakhona ukuba wamqumbisa ukuzama kwabo abemi eziphezulu.

Ulawulo Catherine zikaThixo ngoxa 2 akulambathi ebizwa ngokuba "ubudala yegolide yezikhulu": Grand uKumkanikazi yakhupha oonobumba lomenzi wabanumzana, amalungelo eklasini ufakela, nokunyanga "abangaphantsi" labo ngenyameko kwaye ngobuchule. Yaziwa, umzekelo, ukuba uKumkanikazi ibe ngumsindo elifutshane kakhulu, kodwa uye wafunda ukulwa uthando lwakhe yaye akazange Sithathe isigqibo ngokungxama, elinde nomsindo uya kuthotha.

Mhlawumbi estate kuphela nempembelelo amaxhoba Catherine, yaba abefundisi Orthodox. UKumkanikazi ngokucokisekileyo 'zizanyazanyiswe "indawo engcwele ngenxa yomhlaba irhafu, kanti wabuguqulela woonongendi ngamakhoboka kwi ubume karhulumente (oko, njengokuba Kukholelwa, ukuququzelela kakhulu inxaxheba yabo, nto leyo abantu kungekho ngaphantsi kwezigidi ezibini).

Impumelelo kunye nempumelelo

nkqubo yobuntu ngamaxesha Catherine 2 phezu ibhola (ingakumbi xa ucinga inqanaba lophuhliso komthetho yendalo ehlabathini jikelele). Oku kungqinwa ubuncinane kukuba ngexesha lonke ixesha lokulawula kwakhe umntu omnye kuphela wabulawa. Kodwa ke kwakungekho mntu uya kwala ukuqonda nguzwilakhe Russian, ngenxa yokuba kwafumaniseka ukuba bahlale bengonwabanga Emelyan Pugachev, wathi yena "osindileyo mmangaliso" uMlawuli Peter III kunye Catherine ahambise nomgqomo izele ziinkathazo ngohlobo ezinkulu-scale Sasungulwa qhankqalazo. Yintoni-ntoni, yaye amandla uKumkanikazi thiki ukwabelana.

Yena walawula ilizwe lakhe ngobulumko kangangoko kunokwenzeka, azixhalabisa rhoqo malunga nempumelelo yayo, esomeleza indawo Russian kwibakala lehlabathi. Xa ukwamkelwa ngulo ithisisi, bathi iinyaniso ezininzi ezinomdla malunga Catherine 2, ngenxa yokuba inani lamashishini mveliso ngenxa utshintsho yayo kabini ukuya Empire wajoyina eCrimea, impumelelo enkulu kuye kwaphunyezwa eCaucasus. Umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle le ukumkanikazi wawulisikizi, leyo kwinqelo kakhulu amanye amazwe aseYurophu.

zigaba

Lonke umsebenzi yale intokazi elinonokazi uthi yena wawuqondiswa ngokuyintloko ngobulumko - ephawuleka kakhulu, bhetyebhetye, akanalo ubandlululo. Indlela ezenzeka fresh womelele kwaye sivulekile ngubani Catherine 2, ubonisa imbali gonyo nxamnye yingqakaqha, awayenzayo uKumkanikazi yena nonyana wakhe (yindlalifa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba etroneni). Yaba sesibindi ngokwenene, elisuke laba enye amanyathelo ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo ukutshatyalaliswa kwesifo eyoyikekayo, ingca izixeko kanye yonke.

singakhankanya ngokukhethekileyo ufanelwe ukunyamezela ukumkanikazi nakunqulo: ukuba akukho landela kwezinye iinkonzo, amaBhuda nombulelo nokuba ndavakalisa enye mpawu of White Tara (nayiphi na into ngeendlela).

Ngenxa yoko, ekhupha ulwazi kutyetyiswa malunga UCatherine 2, ababhali insinuations ezimdaka ukubonisa luhlaza kuphela. Kuba ngexesha layo, kwaba ngokwenene umlawuli olukhulu, enze okuninzi iRashiya. Impumelelo imikhuba yayo engenakuphikwa kwaye - ukuba akabaxwa kakhulu.