Iinkqubo geographical - yintoni na le nto? iinkqubo Geographical ngezimanga

Umhlaba akazange uvunyelwe ukuphosa abahlali balo. Ezinye iinkqubo weendawo ngezimanga thina ikushiye kwaye mangaza abanye - kuyothusa kwaye ucinga malunga ubungento ubuthathaka phambi imikhosi kunye namandla endalo. Ngelo xesha yonke into eyenzekayo kwiplanethi yethu, thina ngokusondeleyo ziyadlelana lixhomekeke kwelinye.

Zeziphi iinkqubo zejografi? Yintoni na? Nokuba njani zahluke njani ngezenzeko zendalo?

Nokuhlalisana kunye neenkqubo kwiJografi

Kuba isiqalo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umahluko phakathi kwala magama mabini ayikwazi akusoloko abonisa ngokucacileyo nokuba oonjingalwazi Mbasa zejografi. iinkqubo Geographical ngezimanga basoloko bexakaniseka-nye, ebiza omnye komnye. Umzekelo, ukuyilwa emiqolombeni (kumaqula grand komhlaba) Inkqubo karst ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha - isenzeko karst.

Masizame ukwahlula phakathi kwezi ngcamango zimbini. Kwaye oku kuluncedo ukubhekisela lesayensi, ifilosofi.

Indlela yesayensi phantsi koqhubekeko (ukusuka processus Latin - «intshukumo", "flow") yi ukulandelelana kwiimo inguqu kuphuhliso ethile. Kodwa isenzeko - ukuba yiyo yonke into umntu uyakwazi ukubona sensually (oko kukuthi, ukubona, ukuva, ukuva). Ngokomzekelo, umntu akakwazi ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo olwenzekayo emzimbeni wakhe. Kodwa Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu (kulo mzekelo, ungatsalela umnxeba isenzeko) uza kukuxelela ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Kodwa emva kwendawo ...

iinkqubo Geographical kwahluka okuhambisa nezenyama. Ngamanye amazwi, bayashiyana ngexesha. Ngenxa yoko, le ngezenzeko zendalo - yinto uhlobo olubonisa utshintsho engabangela iinkqubo ezithile ezohlukeneyo. Oku, umzekelo, inokuba ukujaduka engundoqo mlilo. Kulo mzekelo, esi simo ngenxa yezenzo iinkqubo ziitectonic plates esebenzayo kuqweqwe lomhlaba.

inkqubo Geographical - ukuba ...

iplanethi yethu Umhlaba yeyona ngokumangalisayo ezininzi nezahlukeneyo. Amaqokobhe yayo (amanqwanqwa) olwenziwa rhoqo kwindawo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo eengingqi. Oku, umzekelo, mlilo kunye intaba zokwakha, denudation kunye ulwandiso, cryogenesis kunye solifluction. Ukubolekisa khona umoya kunye nentshukumo komkhenkce, kakhulu, ezi ziquka.

Ngaloo ndlela, iinkqubo geographical - yintoni na le nto? Kwaye yintoni nesiseko sayo? Makhe zama ukuphendula le mibuzo.

iinkqubo Geographical - zonke iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke kwimvulophu eendawo yomhlaba. Ezi ziphumo isiphelo ke imali ukutshintsha into okanye amandla ifomu landscapes. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izinga ezi nkqubo zingatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, oko kwandiswa, ke ngoko umzimba osezantsi.

iinkqubo eeNgingqi kukhokelela le into esebenzayo kunye nentshukumo lwamandla phakathi kwiqokobhe ethile. Oku, negalelo ekwenzeni inguqu yayo qualitative.

iinkqubo Geographical: imifanekiso kunye nemizekelo

Akukho inkqubo ziyaphila yaye ezingaphiliyo indalo alwenzeki kanye oko. Ngamnye kubo oye wayo imbangela yakho, yakho lesiseko. Ukuze iinkqubo zendalo kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo ekuthiwa-yangaphakathi (iqala ngaphakathi) kunye (angaphandle) imikhosi yangaphandle yomhlaba. Ngabo abanoxanduva mlilo, iinyikima zomhlaba njalo njalo.

Oku kulandelayo kuchazwe njengemizekelo iinkqubo physicogeographical:

• mlilo;
• Uncedo Ukwakheka (ingakumbi isakhiwo entabeni);
• ukubunjwa komhlaba;
• kwegazi uwabonisa;
• denudation kunye abekwe;
• esirhabaxa;
• cryogenesis;
• solifluction;
• ukhukhuliseko kunye t. d.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nto yonke into eyenzeka emhlabeni kunye ezinzulwini zayo iinkqubo eengingqi. Images, iifoto kunye neenkcazo eneenkcukacha abathile kubo zingeniswe ngezantsi. Baya kuya kusinceda siqonde ngcono uhlobo kunye neempawu ezi nkqubo eyahlukileyo eyenza imvulophu kwezendalo kulo mhlaba.

imikhosi zemveli kunye ezisuka ngaphandle boMhlaba

Izinto engabangela phantse zonke iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke kweli mvulophu eendawo, lungohlulwa lube iintlobo ezimbini:

• zemveli (lwangaphakathi);
• kunye zangaphandle (angaphandle).

Le imikhosi zemveli zehlabathi ezinxulumene amandla kwenzeka nzulu izibilini planethi. Zezona zokuthundeza ezifana neenkqubo njengoko magmatism kunye metamorphism, ezenza intshukumo lithospheric amacwecwe.

iinkqubo zithe zadala kwenzeka ngqo kwi komhlaba okanye kudibana lithosfere emoyeni. Ezi ziquka ukhukhuliseko, ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi, lingonakali, njalo-njalo. D.

Ukuba amandla lokuqala (zemveli) yakheka uncedo emhlabeni jikelele, le yokugqibela (angaphandle) - ebandakanyekileyo kuyilo yayo, ukudala ifom eyahlukileyo kumphezulu womhlaba.

Denudation kunye abekwe

ukuguqulwa isiqabu eziphila yi zendalo (ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba zejoloji) neenkqubo ngenxa ezimbini - denudation kunye abekwe. Nesenzo sabo ngqo esahlukileyo. Noko ke, ngokusondeleyo ziyadlelana ibe elilodwa.

Denudation in yokwakheka ekuthiwa entsonkothileyo iinkqubo ngokwaphulwa kunye nokudluliselwa nasemaweni. Bona zisekelwe amandla womxhuzulane, kwaye umsebenzi umoya, elibaleka amanzi kunye ngumkhenkce. Phantsi yokuzuza kubhekisa kwinkqubo wentshabalalo zokwanda eziphathekayo.

Eyona njongo iphambili denudation - "kunqunyulwa" iintlobo zoncedo kakuhle. Kodwa injongo ephambili zokwanda koovimba ncam okwahlukileyo kwaye kukwandisa iintlobo yehlise kumphezulu womhlaba. Kodwa siphumo kwezi nkqubo zimbini ke ulungelelwaniso kumphezulu oqhelekileyo umhlaba, ukutshatyalaliswa kweenkqubo imigodi kunye ukuyilwa amathafa olubanzi.

Le nkqubo ichazwe apha ngasentla-imifanekiso eendawo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Kwifoto yokuqala - umzekelo denudation of kumphezulu womhlaba.

Kule yesibini photo - eqaqambileyo Umzekelo Ukhuliso izinto evakalala (kulo mzekelo ubonisa isiphumo ugeleza amanzi).

Mlilo kunye entabeni yokwakha

Ukuba ukongeza nokwanda denudation kweli hlabathi akukho kuphinda kwenzeka naziphi na iinkqubo, umhlaba wethu uya kubuya kungekudala zibe zithabazi enkulu kwaye iflethi. Ke sibona ukuba koMhlaba mmandla ezahlukeneyo ngokungaqhelekanga. Kutheni?

Impendulo ilula: iinkqubo zemveli zemikhosi Umhlaba eyenziwe ngenxa apho on-site ebulungelelanisile (intshabalalo) lweenkqubo ntaba kukho amatsha - isakhiwo omncinane. Ezi nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba entabeni sakhiwo. Kwaye kulo lonke imbali yokwakheka komhlaba (njengoko izazinzulu, i-4.5 yezigidi kwiminyaka ubudala).

Izazi bodwa "biography" planethi ixesha ezintlanu ukusonga. Siphila kwixesha Alpine ukusonga, leyo "wanika" izakhiwo intaba ihlabathi ezifana kwiiAlps, malayas, i Andes neCaucasus.

Formation of ngaphantsi komhlaba kunzima kakhulu ukuba ngqondweni ngaphandle mlilo. Esi sesinye nkqubo oko kukuthi ngqo inxaxheba kuphuhliso iplanethi ngengingqi. Phantsi mlilo ukuqonda zizo zonke iinkqubo kubangelwa intshukumo daka ngamandlakazi ezisemhlabeni, kwaye ukuyikhulula kumphezulu. Ngenxa yoko - phezu umzimba wethu planethi Kukho ziitectonic plates iintanda, mlilo kwiigiza.

Geographical phenomenon: Iintlobo nemizekelo

Njengoko iyaziwa ukusuka ikhosi geography esikolweni, kukho ezine Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Nguwo lo lithosfere, umoya, kwehayidrosfere kunye biosphere. Ngako oko, bonke ngeziganeko zendalo zihlelwe ngohlobo kwindawo yabo imvelaphi kumaqela amane:

1. Yokwakheka komhlaba (umzekelo, iinyikima zomhlaba, landslides, ukuwa amatye, zekhephu).
2. Zemozulu (iinkanyamba, neenkanyamba, umnyama kunye t. D.).
3. Nemin (izikhukula, iitsunami, izikhukula, njalo njalo. D.).
4. ZeBhayoloji (imililo bhubhane epiphytotics njl).

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, nayiphi na kwizimanga zendalo uthetha Njengesiphumo esithe ngqo kwinkqubo. Umzekelo, eSt Elmo umlilo - simanga ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yeenkqubo ezithile kwi-atmosfera.

7 izenzakalo Unusual zendalo

Ekugqibeleni, sicinga nesenzeko ezisixhenxe elimangalisayo, endimangazayo umdla zendalo:

• Isanga - kwizimanga zendalo, oko sikuvileyo, mhlawumbi bonke. Le yinto engekhoyo enombala, owona mthombo esibaselwe lomoya.
• Thunderball - ngokuqaqambileyo eqaqambayo imvelaphi sombane imfundo umoya nokuhambahamba okusolwayo. Le yenye nesenzeko, ubume okuhlala imfihlakalo izazinzulu.
• ESt Elmo emlilweni - eqaqambileyo yigolide evuthiweyo amanqwanqwa ukuba kuvela unekrele iziphelo kakhulu ibekwe izinto (umthi amantloko, yeepali iinqanawa, Noxelisa amaphiko-moya, njalo-njalo ...). Kuvela ephezulu zombane lelizwe emoyeni.
• I ibhanti Venus - ibhanti izityebi purple phakathi ezulwini kwaye kunina, apho kungabonwa kwiindawo enesiqulatho uthuli ephakamileyo emoyeni.
• ilifu Lenticular - namafu nangoku emangalisayo enhle ngohlobo lens, zona kwakheka kwi crests lokusetyenziswa kwemali umoya.
• Bifurcation - into elikhethekileyo kunokuba kunqabile nemin. Osahluleyo irubhrikhi manual zibe imilambo ezibini ezahlukeneyo ukuba ayongena iintili lokuzimela kwaye inthanethi kwakhona.
• kwiipali - a band unique zokukhanya (white okanye eminye imibala), ivela kaninzi esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Le meko uchazwe refraction ziikristale ice ezincinane ezintle ziqulathwe emoyeni.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngaloo ndlela, iinkqubo geographical - ezo iinkqubo ezithe zenzeka kwi Umhlaba kwaye kungakhokelela lutshintsho kwi mvulophu eendawo. Ezi ziquka mlilo, denudation, ulwandiso, ukujikeleziswa esesibhakabhakeni, iinkqubo ukusekwa lomhlaba kunye nokwakha entabeni, kunye nabanye.