Iinkomo uhlobo Black-and-White: uphawu

ubisi isivuno iinkomo ixhomekeke iimpawu silwanyana, iimeko, ubudala kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Kodwa ke kuqala - amatakane kunye nemvelaphi. Ngomhla kwintsimi Russian ngokubanzi ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela yaba hlobo black (nezinala) iinkomo, apho namhlanje ubambe isikhundla phambili.

ukubonakala

Phakathi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo enxulumene ingaphandle izilwanyana, Kakade ke, yinto umbala yokuqala. Iwulu isoloko umbala omnyama nomhlophe, mnandi kakhulu kwaye ethambileyo ukuya ngaphandle kwebala. isikhumba Thin kwenza ezibayeni okungephi emzimbeni. Emqolo inkciyo ongudiwu kanye ngqo. Iqumrhu side wesilwanyana kunye isisu kunokuba enkulu aphuhliswe kulingana. indebe-ezimise Umbele isithinzi yezi kwaye kakhulu ngokusondeleyo-bebekwe imibele angasemva. imilenze Strong kusiwa ngqo. komzimba inkomo ukuzuza ngokukhawuleza. Ezinobunzima-35 kg ekuzalweni ukuya ebudaleni oko: Umlinganiseli 470-550 kg kunye nokwanda 140 cm Bulls nzima kakhulu -. Ubunzima sabo kg 850 ukuya 900.

iimpawu uhlobo

Iinkomo uhlobo Black-and-White libhekisela zobisi, inyama ukuze umgangatho kakhulu eyanelisayo. Umbuzo, "yaye zininzi eh inkomo unika ubisi" yengundoqo xa kuvavanywa ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwayo. Olu hlobo ithathwa ukuba nemveliso kakhulu inani ubisi, maxa wambi izivuno ubisi ukufikelela 7,000 kg zisanyisa nganye.

Izilwanyana nezimo kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo iimeko zemozulu. Ngokuba zonke iimeko zemozulu siqhelane ngokukhawuleza, ngokulula ukumelana ukubanda nobushushu, abe sempilweni entle kwaye inkqubo oluzinzileyo omzimba, kusenokuba ixesha elide kwi edlelweni kwaye akoyiki lenguqu ngakumbi. Ukutya nabalulamileyo, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba kwakukho intabalala yokutya - ezifana amadlelo aluhlaza kunye hay and silage. Nazo zonke ezi mpawu, abalimi bakhetha ukufuya kule uhlobo.

imvelaphi

Patriotic iimazi uhlobo Black-and-White yakhulela yi abalimi kwi 30 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. iinkomo Local ukususela kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo eRussia bawela iimazi Dutch. Lo msebenzi lwaqhutywa ngokwezigaba ezibini: okokuqala ukulungiselela ngxilimbela ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ziyaphucuka. Ukuqaphela ezisemthethweni Ministry of Agriculture, zohlobo njengento ezimeleyo ifunyenwe kuphela ngo-1959, emva koko yaba ithandwa kuphela kwilizwe lethu kodwa phesheya, omnyama nomhlophe cow uhlobo.

ukuvelisa

ixabiso elikhulu kule parameter mmandla zikhwelwe iinkomo. Umxholo fat ubisi phakathi 3.2-3.9 ekhulwini, nezinyuko eliphezulu wawuqhutywa ngayo iimazi eSiberia, Estonia kunye Ukraine. Nokuzalana iifama ukuyiqhayisela ayiseyomfuneko, maxa wambi ufikelela 6500 kg. Ukulwa phambili ukukhuphisana ezahlukeneyo parameters, babhale iifama karhulumente kunye nempumelelo udoyu. figure irekhodi kuba namhlanje 10,000-12,000 kg. isixa-mali esinjalo ubisi lokwaphusa nganye namhlanje ukunika inkomo uhlobo omnyama nomhlophe. Iimpawu yemveliso inyama eyahlukileyo kakhulu. 50 Kuphela% isivuno wokuBulala isidumbu.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kule uhlobo, zizakubalulwa iimpawu zangaphandle, ngokuba udoyu, kuxhomekeka iindawo zizalele nakuzo. On la manani kuchaphazela iimeko zemozulu, inqanaba lomsebenzi ukuvelisa kummandla kunye nohlobo umthombo imfuyo.

Ezizalana zinkomo kummandla Central of Russia

Iinkomo uhlobo Black-and-White kule yingxenye Russia uneempawu zawo. Esi silwanyana sikhulu kakhulu. Iimazi zeenkomo ziye yimilinganiso avareji ye-650 kg kunye nemveliso ephakamileyo (7500-8000 kg mafutha ubisi hayi ngaphantsi kwe-3.6%). Bulls maxa wambi ukufikelela ezinobunzima 1000 kg. Iintlobo yenziwa ewela iintlobo zasekuhlaleni (Kholmogory, Yaroslavl et al.) Ekubeni isiJamani kunye Dutch. Iintlobo Inbreed wakhulela Central Russia (eMoscow, nepetsinsky kunye barybinsky) ziye kutsalwa 2003-2004.

Ezizalana zinkomo isuti emnyama-motley kwi Urals

Ezi izilwanyana ngaphezulu uhlobo okulula sisekelo ziyavumelana kakhulu yaye babe nokuma thile elomileyo. Umbala ikakhulu ezimnyama amatshatshazi amhlophe ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu, eliqhele kulo lonke umzimba ngendlela bahlupheke. Kakhulu ukunqumla Tagil rocks ngeenkomo ezimhlophe Baltic waza wabonakala Urals, oku abamnyama nezinala cow uhlobo. ubisi isivuno iinkalo ezahlukeneyo kancinane: ubisi okunamafutha aphezulu, ukuya kutsho kwi ubisi 4.0% yemveliso ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba elikhulu kunene. Nkqu kwiifama zikarhulumente wesizwe, kunqabile ukuba ngaphezulu 5500 kg. Ngowe-2003, ngokuthi ukunqumla iinkunzi Holstein neenkomo breeder uhlobo abamnyama-motley wadala uhlobo alufane - phambene.

iinkomo ezimnyama-mhlophe eSiberia

Isiphumo iinkomo Dutch ukuzala yaseSiberia kunye ukuvela kwezilwanyana ezinkulu ezibanzi ukukhathaza ukuya ku-560 kg. Isivuno ubisi ubukhulu isusela ukususela 4500 ukuya 5000 kg, kwaye lokuzalanisa iifama imazi anganika kwaye 8000 kg. Ubisi inepesenti ophezulu ngamanqatha. Iintlobo Inbreed wadala eSiberia (Priobsky, Ilmensky) ziqhelana kakuhle neemeko zemozulu yaseSiberia.

Ngenxa zofuzo eemazi Holstein, ingakumbi umphandle kunye nemveliso yobisi babe ukufana ezingakumbi, nto leyo eye abamnyama nezinala cow uhlobo. Iifoto izilwanyana efumaneka kule ncwadi, kodwa eyahlukileyo kakhulu, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukumisela - hlobo Yaphathana eSiberia kunye Urals. Bonke babe siseko efana kakhulu no kukhethwa njengamasi uhlobo ngaphandle.

Iinkomo uhlobo Holstein

Ukuphucula uhlobo abamnyama-motley breeder iinkomo zasekhaya ezisetyenziswa Holsteins umsebenzi wabo. Ekuqaleni evela eNetherlands, ezi zilwanyana, ngenxa yomgangatho okusemandleni, saa kulo lonke ihlabathi, ingakumbi ezithandwayo eJamani ekubeni. ubhaliso olusemthethweni hlobo ngo-1983 e- North America. Namhlanje, yena kukho-90% yenani lilonke yeenkomo wakhulela kuloo ntsimi. siseko olomeleleyo kunye nemveliso ephakamileyo ziye zaba linophawu azalela famous iimazi Holstein. umbala omnyama nomhlophe yezi zilwanyana na Ezona njongo, kodwa kukho abameli umbala omnyama ngokupheleleyo kwaye bomvu zinaso. elinemibala emhlophe amaninzi ibekwe ngesisu, phezu imilenze esithinzini nomsila.

Iimazi zeenkomo ziye amathambo enamandla, ephuhliswe kakuhle izihlunu kunye neefom nobisi kakuhle ngayo. Umbele Calyciform yohlukile obunamandla. Ngosuku isivuno zobisi ukufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-60 kg, nemveliso lokwaphusa nganye - 8000 kg. Nomphakamo 150 cm iimazi linokufikelela ubunzima 700 kg, iinkunzi - phezu 1100 kg. Ngokunika isondlo sezilwanyana umgangatho ophezulu, la manani ingaba ngaphezulu. Amankonyane bazalwa zalishumi kg 38 ukuya 47. Imiqathango lokuvalelwa abameli Holsteins kuba inzima kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuya ngalo mba ngenkathalo kakhulu. Akukho mfuneko yokuba i stress unyamezelwano eziphakamileyo, kodwa ngaxeshanye uthambile kwaye isha. Ehlotyeni, njengoko kwanele ukondla ingca ukuba iinkomo sele kwedatha, kodwa ebusika kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa hay imidumba kwi ekutyeni, isidlo iimbotyi zesoya kunye nombona.

Iinkomo uhlobo Yaroslavl

Lithathwe kwiPhondo Yaroslavl owabizwayo iinkomo zasekuhlaleni, apho wafumana igama layo. Olu hlobo yenye omdala eRashiya, yaye namhlanje ngakumbi nangakumbi endaweni enye, babe imveliso yelizwe. Olu uhlobo lwenkomo emnyama namhlophe i nokuma encinane ezahlukeneyo emboxo, esifubeni limxinwa kunye nezihlunu ngokwaneleyo. Le peculiarity ye isuti ye-Yaroslavl uhlobo yi umbala lubalaseleyo emnyama kunye namabala amancinane amhlophe entloko, emzimbeni kunye zomzimba. Izilwanyana babe omfutshane ngesithomo, ukuba ingagqithi 127 cm kwi ibunile kunye ubunzima abafane ngaphezu 500 kg. Ibele aphuhliswe kakuhle rounded imilo inika isivuno ubisi eliphezulu - 6000 kg, isiqulatho amanqatha 4.2-5.2%.

Namhlanje Yaroslavl uhlobo ngenxa intsebenzo yabo ibuthathaka akusekho ezibalulekileyo ngokoqoqosho ezifana ngaphambili. Inani labantu bayo zancitshiswa, kodwa, nangona oku, oxabiso likhulu ukuzalisa. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa ziyazalana kunye yaroslavok Holstein zeenkomo, uhlobo olutsha lwe Yaroslavl uhlobo - St. Michael, ukuba imveliso yobisi eliphezulu. Ukongeza, ezi zilwanyana azifani precocity, ubomi obude, kulula ukumelana neemeko zendawo.

Kwaye kwicandelo labucala namhlanje ixhaphake kakhulu cow uhlobo emnyama namhlophe. Ukuphonononga zithi Abanikazi kwiqela lokulungileyo phezu nayiphi na enye. umsebenzi lokuzala, nto leyo rhoqo wenziwe namhlanje nalo hlobo, ijonge ukudala isilwanyana elikhulu, kunye namazinga aphezulu imveliso kwaye silungise zonke iziphene zonke ingaphandle.