Iindlela ngomlomo yokuthetha. Zokuthetha, isigqebelo, isibaxo

ulwimi Russian - omnye kakhulu eyahlukeneyo bazizinhanha emhlabeni, amandla ayo ekhululekile yeyabahlali. Ethile intetho imvakalelo itekisi ezizodwa qhoboshela iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokuthetha esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yemisebenzi yokubhala. Zibhale kakhulu kakhulu.

iindlela ngomlomo kwebinzana kwiinkalo ezahlukileyo zobomi

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ingcamango efanayo zinganikezelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umsasazi kamabonwakude ithi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Namhlanje, lo mmandla waphawula kwezulu bandile uhlobo bekhephu, ekhatshwa umoya enzima." Kwaye ke manenekazi mabini ezelwe ukusela iti ekhitshini, kwindawo kwincoko inokutya sivakalisi silandelayo: "Ewe, into efana snow lwahamba! Ke Vetrishche - phantsi indlela inkqonkqoze "Ezincwadini, le nto uyakwazi ukuphinda uyicacise ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:" kukubola Snow wawa esuka ezulwini, ngathi ngeentsiba evela mfuma ezivulekileyo wakrazula, itshayelwe yimimoya enamandla emigodini enkulu emhlophe uzifihlile esiswini ngenxa yayo umhlaba morzluyu ... " . Le ukupeyinta, ezichazwe ngeendlela ezininzi, phantse ngokufanayo, kodwa ngamnye Ukrainian lunee ntlobo zahluka enye kwenye yaye ezahlukeneyo ukusebenza ienjini yabantu. Zonke iindlela zentetho imizwa lolwimi ngendlela enye okanye omnye kusekelwe embonweni associative kwisicatshulwa. Xa iingxelo thaca, umfundi abantu ahleliweyo njalo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ngeempawu zabalinganiswa, nokudala ababhali abathile umbala iitekisi zoncwadi kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

iindlela Ngokwefonetiki yokukhuluma

Kuba negalelo elikhulu ekuyileni mntu okanye umfundi, kumboniseli olungisiweyo okanye oyimameleyo, wasebenzisa ezahlukahlukeneyo ngeendlela. iindlela ngomlomo binzana kubusa onke amanqanaba zolwimi. Ingabonwa kokubini nefonetiki kunye kwezivakalisi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba baqonde injongo yombhali enzulu ngakumbi olubanzi. iindlela Ngokwefonetiki yokuthetha yokuthetha yenye yeendlela ezininzi ezinamandla yempembelelo intetho. Imvakalelo yomfanekiso isandi ilizwi lwenzeka kwinqanaba ienjini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iminqweno ngamnye. Yiloo nto iitekisi ezininzi zemibongo ngokusekelwe ukusetyenziswa isandi kuthetha ofuna ukuyithetha. Ngokomzekelo, isindululo esinjalo, "rustled amagqabi, lenzwinini zabo, kuyabonakala ukuba, waya kuyo yonke indawo." Apha, ukusetyenziswa ezininzi ngayo isandi "sh" kwi binzana kwabonakala ukudala kusitsho ekuyileni umfanekiso azotywe.

imfanozandi

intetho Ngokwefonetiki ekhululekile naso Ukwahluka. Egqugqisileyo zinto zichasene ezinye iindlela nemfano-zandi kunye nemfano-zikhamiso. Bona zisekelwe uphindaphindo kwisicatshulwa enye okanye efanayo naziphi na iimpawu phonetic izandi - zandi kunye nemfano-zandi kunye nemfano-zikhamiso izikhamiso e. Esimangalisayo umzekelo zandi ikwindawo yebinzana "Le isaqhwithi rattles, rumbles kweendudumo," sifunda ukuba, abantu engaqondanga ebangela phambi kokuba umfanekiso ocacileyo lanqanqaza kombane.

zikhamiso

A kancinane Ababhali ngaphantsi yaye iimbongi ziphindwa zikhamiso. Umzekelo, zikhamiso linikwa kwi kwisivakalisi "Bonke ke intsimi flat" - ephindaphinda isandi "o" kudala uvakalelo eyandisiweyo, ekwizibanzi isithuba.

Anaphora, epiphora kwiitekisi zoncwadi

Engenazimpazamo kwaye nezinye izigaba zentetho ezinokunceda kunokuyenza itekisi ekhululekile ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, ubuchule angaqhelekanga anaphora kunye epiphora. Bona zabo uphindaphindo lwezandi ezifanayo, amagama okanye amaqela amagama ekuqaleni (anaphora) okanye ekupheleni (epiphora) ngamnye parallel kwicandelo self-ntetho. "Le - yinto umntu ukukwenza! Oku - isenzo lo mntu! "- inaliti kunye nokwanda phindwa nganye kuvandlakanywa anaphora. Epiphora badla ingafunyanwa ekupheleni amacandelo lweembongi ngokohlobo uphindaphindo amabinzana okanye izivakalisi yonke. Kodwa uyakwazi kuqwalaselwa umzekelo amacebiso omnye prosaic: "Yonke into igumbi luyavutha: iindonga abantu abamnyama, ekhaphethini kumgangatho naye omnyama, ukukhanyisa - abamnyama kwaye nkqu amashiti ityhidiwe emnyama. Kuphela kwalo bhedi kwakukho qwa, ukudala umahluko omkhulu kuyilo. "

Ulwimi kuthetha of yokuvakalisa ngamazwi: yimizekeliso nje

Xa indlela ulwimi Russian iintlobo ngeentlobo tropes okanye ngezafobe. Lo mthombo uphambili binzana isigama. Ngoncedo lwawo, waqonda ezininzi iimbono zombhali kwisicatshulwa. Ngokomzekelo, nje lo - uhlobo lwamaxabiso transfer okanye iimpawu into kwenye into, umfanekiso kweekhonsepthi abstract ngokusebenzisa umfanekiso eziphathekayo. Ukuze achaze ukuba zokuthetha, kuyenzeka kubhenela ingqalelo zemveli imizekelo: kwelanga - uphawu yemfudumalo, ububele; umoya - njengophawu lwenkululeko, free-iingcinga, impermanence. Kaninzi lo mgaqo mbuzo lisetyenziswa ukuchaza abantu. "Owu, ukuba impungutye luye!" - intetho malunga umntu nje a joke. Okanye ngaba sithi le ndlela ngobuntu impermanent: ". Uhlobo blustery bakhe, ome" Ngoko ke, ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo oko nje lo, kufuneka ujonge olube kwezi zifundo uthelekiso kumgangatho.

Ukuchaza ngemifanekiso, iintsomi, iintsomi

fabulist Iyamangalisa Krylov unika umfanekiso bala ukusetyenziswa kwale ulwamkelo. Xa enyanisweni nguye ezihlangwini Aesop. Kungenxa yemisebenzi yakhe, izifundo ezininzi iintsomi Russian yakudala athathwa. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba bayathetha ngayo inkawu, ulinganisa izibuko ngumsila, umbhali ubhekisela ningazi, umntu lowo lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela lonke umphezulu, ukuba nigweba kamsinya, ngaphandle ndicinga intsingiselo. Kuba azibona ngayo umntwana ezimnandi ilungileyo nezilwanyana bantu. Umzekelo wabo nosana ufunda imithetho esisiseko yobomi: besamkela kalikhulu, ulihule, ixoki kwaye amavila uya kohlwaywa, akakwazi kugculela intlungu yabanye, njl intsomi elifutshane okanye elaqotyolwayo embhoxo ukusela iiglasi kwi isimbo abaseAfrika, ekupheleni loo yokuziphatha lithathwe emva kokuba isithembiso .. asele "Kuba ...".

Ukuchaza kwezibongo lyrical iingoma

A izibongo emangalisayo Lermontov malunga iseyile engasese, ebalekayo amaza? Ngapha koko, lo umfundi uthathele ingqalelo imeko apho uyaba lwengqondo zobuntu angonwabi, ebekungekho namnye umvayo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. De kube ngoku, abantu abadala ezifana iingoma ezininzi bawabiza apho imizekelo yimizekeliso kwezityalo - neentyatyambo, imithi - ukuchaza ubudlelwane babantu. "Yintoni eme, kwaneso, zingcakacile Rowan?" - ucula intombazana buhlungu ngubani uziva elilolo kakhulu, ufuna ukujoyina nakwizibetho zabo kunye nendoda oluthembekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile abakwazi ukwenza le nto ...

Litotes, isibaxo

Ulwimi kuthetha ibinzana intetho thaca kunye nezinye iindlela. Umzekelo, kukho ngaphezulu kwaye ezo manani aphikisanayo njengoko isibaxo, litotes. Ulwimi IsiRashiya uluhlu olubanzi lamathuba iimpawu ngokuthe ngcembe yokuthetha. Le ndlela ibonisa ukuba Izithetha yokuluka (litotes), kunye ubaxo (isibaxo). ulwimi Russian kuba ebulela kuyakhanya nezentelekelelo kubo. Umzekelo, ipropati ezifana umthamo umzimba womntu, ungaboniswa icala njengoko understated ngokuzenzela ( "esinqeni ububanzi intamo ibhotile" - litotes), kwaye ukusukela ubaxo ( "ubungakanani emagxeni emnyango" - hyperbola). ulwimi Russian nokuba kukho ibinzana ngamandla yolu didi: Bukanomeva esinqeni, phezulu neekhilomitha of Kolomna.

Izithethantonye nezichasi kwimisebenzi yobugcisa

Ukusebenzisa okubhaliweyo ntonye kunye nezichasi kwandisa zayo iimvakalelo kunye novakalelo. Amagama ukuba semantically efanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo zomsebenzi, zityhila ulwazi yombhali kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Yonke enye into, izithethantonye kunye nezichasi lula kwimbono yesicatshulwa, njengoko ukucacisa intsingiselo izinto ezithile yesemantiki. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo kwintetho nokubhala kufuneka aphathwe ngokuqaphela, njengoko abathile izithethantonye isigama balahlekelwe ukumanyana lamaxabiso kwimeko ethile, kwaye nemeko akuthethi kuthi izichasi antonymous in ezisisiseko intsingiselo yalo lizwi. Hi xikombiso, le Isichazi "entsha" kunye "iphelelwe lixesha 'xa ukusetyenziswa kwesibizo" isonka "ezi izichasi. Kodwa xa sithetha umoya, isichasi ukuya Isichazi "entsha" Ilizwi "efudumeleyo".

Indida ngemisebenzi yobugcisa

A ebaluleke kakhulu njengendlela wengcibi yokuluka ibinzana - le indida. Imizekelo le ncwadi zibonisa imifanekiso aphezulu kule nqubo. Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky - ezi ezakudala Russian siziinkosi ngokwenene ukusetyenziswa isigqebelo kwiincwadi. Amabali kusekho ezifunwa satirists mihla Zoshchenko. Amanye amabinzana ezakudala eziye enamaphiko, kwaye esetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, Zoshchenko athi: "Thabatha umva ikeyiki yakho!" Okanye "Ngaba kugqithisa kunye nezitshixo ukuya kwindlu apho imali?" Ngu Ilf kunye Petrov wazi yonke into. Kwaye ke isibheno manenekazi eli labagwebi, ethi malunga akuba got phantsi ngumkhenkce, nangoku kuthathwa kunye eninzi indida. Ke ibinzana elithi 'ukuba thina apha kangaka Ngubani na? ", Ibe kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukuya umntwana, ekuthethwa isigqebelo, eyakhelwe ukusetyenziswa izichasi. Indida kudla khona ngohlobo banter phezu ngokwakhe omnye wabalinganiswa kunye umlinganiswa ophambili, egameni lakhe etha. Ezi nomcuphi Dari Dontsovoy kunye nabanye, nayo bhala ngale ndlela.

Lo maleko ezahlukeneyo isigama kwiincwadi

nobonisa ekhululekile xa zincwadi na isigama nganye ezinga - slang, neologisms, lwaso, ubuchule zomthonyama. Ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kwisicatshulwa kula macandelo, ingakumbi intetho ngqo, imifanekiso aze anike iimpawu eliqikelelwayo yabalinganiswa. umlinganiswa ngamnye umsebenzi yahlukile, yaye ezi zinto lungelelanisa, ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo upotreblonnye zityhila umfanekiso zomlinganiswa evela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba Ukwanda Romana Sholohova "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don" lwesigodi isigama kudala umoya yinqobo ukuya kwindawo ethile kunye nexesha elithile nembali. Kunye nokusetyenziswa zabalinganiswa kweentetho yamagama Indies namabinzana kunye kangangoko ukuvula abalinganiswa zabo. Kwakhona, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle ezikhethekileyo isigama zobungcali, echaza ubomi enqanaweni. Kodwa sele imisebenzi, apho ngamagorha, nangona ezingephi, abantu zangaphambili okanye zinganakwa ukusuka kudidi abangenamakhaya, kuphephe ijagoni argot nokuba engenakwenzeka.

Polysyndeton njengendlela yokuthetha

Enye nani okuloba zentetho - polisindeton. Ngenye indlela, le ndlela kuthiwa polysyndeton kwaye asetyenziswe ngayo kwisicatshulwa amagama okanye amabinzana eziqhagamshelene ekuzimanyeni ezifanayo kuphindaphinda twatse. Oku kuphucula imiva, ukudala umise okungacetywanga kwisivakalisi kuqhagamshelo nesiseko sayo amalungu kunye namalungu abangabancedani zentetho ukwandisa ukubaluleka kuhlu kwento nganye. Ngoko ke, ababhali kunye iimbongi usoloko esebenzisa ngemisebenzi yakhe polysyndeton. imizekelo:

1. "Ulwandle storm, ibharhule, wayikrazula yaye flickered, kunye rushila zoyikekayo" - isiqalelo ngasinye ngeqela amagama yohlobo olunye apha ukugxininisa ukubaluleka.
2. "Endlwini Natalia nto yonke yaba endaweni yayo; kunye neqela yezitshixo, kunye isitulo kunye ekapa samovyazannoy eqaqambileyo kunye umgangatho ivazi enkulu onamasetyana olulophu zesityalo, nokuba incwadi evulekileyo - yonke into usoloko, ngalo naliphi na ixesha lemini kwi ndawo enye "- apha ngalinye ilungu yohlobo olunye usebenzisa polysyndeton sixhasa uluvo okuchaneka kunye nokucaca izinto ubeko kwikhaya Heroine.
3. "Yaye ke kwakuvuthuza umoya, neendudumo, kunye namasebe emithi kwaneso, enkqonkqoza kwi window, namafu amaza abamnyama wabafihla esibhakabhakeni - konke oku Zinjengonomgogwana kunye wabethelela uchulumanco kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ekutsaleni ingubo ukuya nasesilevini sakhe" - ukuba izindululo bomzi, kudityaniswa polysyndeton ukudala ifuthe sufaka imo yokoyika kunye lithemba.

Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi intetho ekhululekile kuthetha - element intetho kuyimfuneko yokuluka. Ngaphandle kwabo, kwitekisi yoncwadi ejonge owomileyo yaye ingabangeli. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba izinto mayibhekiswe umfundi. Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa ulwimi indlela ayisebenzisayo le mveliso kufuneka wenziwe ngocoselelo olukhulu, kungenjalo umbhali imingcipheko ukuba aqondwe kwaye lingako.