Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo eMoscow: Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo ukuya Minin kunye Pozharsky. incazelo

Phakathi lwalunjani eMoscow umi enye ezikhumbuzo yokuqala abekelwe hayi abalawuli kunye amaqhawe esizwe, le abavikeli kaRhulumente eMoscow. Kuyinto lesikhumbuzo eSt Vasiliya Blazhennogo (Cathedral le Ukukhuselwa eYona Ngcwele sidumisa kwi okwabangela) kwi-Red Square. Ngaphambi kokuchaza lesikhumbuzo ukuya Minin kunye Pozharsky, ndijonga kwimbali indalo yayo.

Iminyaka lesikhumbuzo kunye neminikelo

Imbali lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin kunye Pozharsky waqalisa phambi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Le lesikhumbuzo efakwe 1818 endaweni ekhethwe nomkroli Martosom Ivanom Petrovichem nangona ngokuyalelwa Tsar Alexander I. Fundraising ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo yathinjwa ngabanye BAS-ukukhululeka kwinqwanqwa.

Amadoda nabafazi kunye obuninzi neminikelo abasemifanekisweni ngamaqela amabini ezahlukeneyo. Abafazi ihamba kakuhle, nika ngezihombo nezacholo. yokuma kwabo ezibalulekileyo amisiweyo libonisa indlela inyathelo elibalulekileyo ukukhulisa imali entle ngenxa yozuko iLizwe loobawo. iimpahla antique waguqa abafazi - ixesha lerhafu. Nangona kunjalo, lo nomkroli uye wazibonakalisa kubo siyehla ezintlokweni Russian. Kuboniswa kule ndoda BAS-isiqabu bezisa izipho zesisa.

ILizwi malunga nombhali lesikhumbuzo

Ukudalwa nomkroli Monument Martosom Ivanom Petrovichem iye kungqamane ngokuvela ezingqondweni izwe yabantu ngexesha yokulwa amajoni uNapoleon kaThixo. Emva mveliso lesikhumbuzo uthuthwa eMoscow ukusuka kwiindlela emlanjeni St. Petersburg. Lo mzobo ubhedu ngumbhali we lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin kunye Pozharsky wabeka ngenkuthalo oluntu nobuthandazwe. Ukuze lo msebenzi, IP Martos wamnikela esaphila yonyaka pension kunye isihloko uCeba State. Ukusebenza kwi sculpture ukusuka 1804 ngo-1817, Martos udale umsebenzi wakhe nokudala iinjongo kulo izwe.

Ukuba kwisihloko Ngqonyela academician kwaye Umfanekiso i-St Petersburg Academy of Arts, kuloo minyaka Martos inxaxheba ekwenziweni amangcwaba. art yakhe limelwe kwisakhiwo yesikhumbuzo kwi yeplastiki oqingqiweyo ezaqanjwa amangcwaba basebukhosini. Monument ku Minin kunye Pozharsky, inkcazo kunye noyilo esekelwe kwibali, sithatyathwe, nokukrola yamandulo, waphumelela ukhuphiswano enzima.

Monument ubunye Russian

Monument ku Minin kunye Pozharsky, ukuchazwa kuyo labobalawuli kudala ingqalelo uhlobo ngani kwikomkhulu Russian. Minin, liphakamise isandla sakhe senzo kokufuna obukholisayo Pozharsky akhokele umkhosi lwabantu. Voivod, nangona amanxeba, wamvusa, Esayama ikhaka lakhe. yokuma kwakhe ngokomfanekiso ibonisa ukuvuseleleka osezingqondweni kazwelonke ngexesha ukhathazekile yaye nzima iRashiya.

intsingiselo

Phakamisa isandla sakhe Minin Pozharsky ubiza hayi kuphela amanyathelo. It is a uhlobo yesibheno yonke kubantu Russian, ungasibizi, ukuya kulwa.

Mood kunye nentando yabantu abangaboniyo lithetha wadala imali karhulumente wanikela lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin kunye Pozharsky. Inkcazelo Minin umntu onesibindi, nangona Sasungulwa iinwele zakhe bokwenyaniso kunokuhenda ukucinga ukuba ufana nokuzimisela kwakhe kuZeyus. abalinganiswa yamandulo zangaphantsi zalungisa ngeepateni emveli Russian emphethweni, obanika sifana ukuya shirt Russian.

Kulo mzobo buthathaka amanxeba Pozharsky impendulo ibonakala ngokucacileyo izigqibo ukuba izibongozo ally ukuya umkhosi Popular Resistance. Eyodwa ebambe ikhaka lakhe kunye umfanekiselo uMsindisi, irhuluneli uphakanyiselwa emandlalweni wakhe. enye indawo yakhe isandla phezu kwekrele ndinabile Minin. Izandla zabo thinta uphinde uwele kuyo. Umfanekiso lo senzo ngokomfanekiso odibanisa izafobe amajoni, esalatha umtshato wabo.

Apho ukufumana isakhiwo sebali for imikrolo

Le nomkroli ye lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin kunye Pozharsky eziqulathwe iyelenqe ngobhedu sithatyathwe mfanekiso wamandulo. umsebenzi umbhali engaziwayo azinikele uloyiso ntliziyo Russian kwi Polish-Russian War leminyaka 1605-1613. Kula maxesha ziinkathazo, amandla phezu kwetrone Russian udlule esandleni omnye komnye. Kangangokuba, ukuba uncedo ukuze angaphandle emkhosini ukuya Prince wamnika ilizwe lokuzalwa Russian Sweden. False nguDmitry, Iitrone lzhenasledniki ukulwa bodwa. babhukuqwa Military kunye nokubulawa iindlalifa ngqo walawula urhulumente.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, yonke inzala ngqo uDaniyeli Moscow, sifile okanye babulawa ekulweni. Le sizakhele-up amandla kuye kwakhokelela isiyaluyalu neziphithiphithi imizi. Phantse wonke wohlanga wayefuna ukuba abe ngukumkani. Nabakhohlisi, esebenzisa igama obulewe Tsarevich nguDmitry, yaye amajoni eziqokelelweyo kwakhokelela inyathelo yomkhosi ukumbamba itrone kunye eMoscow.

Lzhedmitry I, II, III, Polish kunye nomkhosi Swedish uthi emhlabeni Russian

Isiphithiphithi, iyelenqe nokungalawuleki waba eRashiya emva kokufa Boris Godunov. Neendwalutho ezithile ukulwa bodwa. Nabakhohlisi egameni Prince, kugaywa umkhosi yakhe iindwalutho Polish, inxaxheba imvukelo nxamnye nokumkani wakhe. Babengenazo ndlela ekhaya, ePoland.

King of Poland, kunye iimbono kuyo itrone Russian, nawo umhlaba lo, wasebenzisa meko inzuzo yabo. Ngokuthi abhukuqe Shumsky ehleli etroneni, izinduna eMoscow ungeniswe umzi umkhosi Polish. Zazizide izibonda phantsi Borisov, Berea, Mozhaisk. Isiphithiphithi nokungalawuleki ngukumkani kwelo lizwe.

abasemagunyeni Swedish, ukucela uncedo Russian, wafuna Livonia (Karelia). Emva koko, lo balwa bababamba kwimimandla yonxweme koLwandle White and Sea Barents, wayithimba Ladoga, iinuts, Tikhvin.

levy

Yaba ngeli xesha Kuzmoy Mininym kunye Dmitriem Pozharskim umkhosi wamajoni ihlelwa Nizhny Novgorod. Yaba umkhosi rhoqo servitors kunye nezidwangube.

Wise Prince Pozharskii dimplomatically amalungiselelo kunye Sweden kwaye ilawula gca evela eMoscow iindwalutho Polish kunye ngamashumi eziliqela ngabangcatshi izinduna. Yena wancediswa sathanjiswa zizikhulu izixeko ezininzi. I wenza impazamo enkulu Pozharsky, sityeshele athathwe iindwalutho. Bexhotyiswe ngezigaba Cossack, neze ngexesha lemfazwe ukusuka ubomi obuqhelekileyo zoxolo, wabatshabalalisa Pozharsky wambeka phezu kwetrone uMikhail Romanov.

Ukutshintshelwa lesikhumbuzo kwindawo entsha

Phambi St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow lesikhumbuzo ku Minin kunye Pozharsky. Inkcazo iziganeko enxulumene ngokutsha lesikhumbuzo ukuze kuloo ndawo, ufuna ukubuyela 30 zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Lo mfanekiso kukhethwa indalo yakhe embindini isikwere, phambi kweengcamba zorhwebo Upper. Le Umfanekiso Pozharsky Minin ubiza ekuphakamiseni ukuhlasela wamajoni kwi incwadi, leyo wabazimezayo iindwalutho Polish, isalatha kulaa esangweni ivaliwe kunye yesicelo ngokwayo. amasango awo kuvulwa emva kokuba ukuhlasela.

Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, indawo yangoku eqingqiweyo ekhethwe urhulumente waseSoviet ukuba kube lula ukuba kwimiju- zomkhosi ngezixhobo wamajoni eSoviet Army.

Enye inguqulelo ngokwahlukileyo ichaza isizathu sokuba ukutshintshwa litye lesikhumbuzo. Indawo yokuqala Minin Pozharsky Walathe incwadi yesicelo nge itshixiwe apho nezibonda nabalandeli babo. Emva kokwakhiwa yamangcwaba kwenzeka ukuba Minin isandla esalatha Lingcwaba inkokheli yabasebenzi kwakhona itshixiwe emasangweni yesicelo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba zombini ezi zinto ziye zakhokelela ukuba "ukuhamba" lesikhumbuzo yimbali eSt Vasiliya Blazhennogo.

Njengoba emva uloyiso phezu French phakathi Red Square isikhumbuzo Minin kunye Pozharsky, eMoscow lonke ilizwe ubuso bokumkani ingqalelo ubuchule kunye nokuzimisela yabantu eliGorha Russian umanyano, umyalelo kunye ingqibelelo yesizwe.