Kuba ihlabathi lonke "ikhadi ubizo" idumileyo ka-Russia na incwadi, Red Square neSt Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow. Le yokugqibela naye namanye amagama, lowo uthandwayo yona Cathedral ke bambongozayo kwi okwabangela.
Overview
Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo ibhiyozele iminyaka yayo 450th of 02.07.2011 Esi sakhiwo unique elimiswe kwi-Red Square. Emangalisayo etempileni yayo ubuhle imele iicawa ezintsonkothileyo edityaniswa kwisiseko eqhelekileyo. Kwanabo abazi nto malunga sesakhiwo Russia, niya kubaqonda iBandla Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Le ndlu yecawa inomsebenzisi ekhethekileyo - yonke uphahla zayo ezimibalabala zahlukile enye kwenye.
In the main (bambongozayo) yecawe na iconostasis, leyo ningashukunyiswa nimke ngowama-1770 incwadi yesicelo Church of Chernigov abasebenzi ummangaliso. Kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwe-Church of kuMoses, lo nguMama kaThixo icon kakhulu exabisekileyo Cathedral, eyona yamandulo yabo - i icon ye Vasiliya Blazhennogo (ngenkulungwane XVI.), Ezibhaliweyo ngokukodwa kulo ibandla. Ngoko nangoko ukubonisa imifanekiso benkulungwane XVII:. Our Lady of Umqondiso kunye kuMoses, lo sidumisa. Iikopi kuqala umfanekiso, ibekwe kwicala elingasempumalanga kobuhle ibandla.
History of the imbonakalo itempile
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, imbali kokwakhiwa oye wafumana inani yeentsomi namabali, wakha ngukumkani yokuqala eRashiya Ivana Groznogo. Kuye kwanikezelwa isiganeko ezibalulekileyo - oko kukuthi, uloyiso phezu Kazan Khanate. Ngelishwa mbali, amagama abakhi wadala le wobugcisa nanto, kwasinda. Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ukuba owayesebenza ekwakhiweni kwendlu kaThixo, kodwa kakhulu ukuba alukhange owadala St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. waba eMoscow isixeko eziphambili Russia, ngoko ke ukumkani obufunyenweyo elikomkhulu iinkosi kakhulu. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe enye yaba wezakhiwo ephambili Pskov Postnik Yakovlev ngelika Barma. Enye inguqulelo iyaphikisana le ngokupheleleyo. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba bartender kunye okukhawulezileyo - iinkosi ezahlukeneyo. kuvela ukudideka nnangaphezulu ukusuka kuguqulelo wesithathu, ocacisa ukuba St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow yakhiwa ngumzobi Italian. Kodwa ilivo kakhulu ezithandwayo le tempile lowo elibhekisela yokuqaqadeka labazobi odale le wobugcisa, ababa asiphinde indalo yakhe.
Imvelaphi yegama
Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona engundoqo ibandla eli iTempile inikelwe kwi Virgin oyiNgcwele, ehlabathini yaziwa njenge St Vasiliya Blazhennogo. EMoscow bekusoloko eninzi yezidenge (wabasikelela "abantu bakaThixo '), kodwa igama elinye kubo kubhalwe ngonaphakade kwimbali weRashiya. Mad Basil wayehlala esitratweni yaye ebusika waya ngogaga. Kulo mzekelo umzimba wakhe festooned kwezidanga ezibe imixokelelwane zentsimbi kunye iminqamlezo ezinkulu. Le ndoda nohlonipheke eMoscow. Nditsho Ukumkani wamphatha wamoyika ngakumbi uncharacteristic. Vasiliy Blazhenny babemjonga njengabemi umenzi wemimangaliso. Wafa 1552, yaye ngowe-1588 ingcwaba lakhe yamisa ibandla. Yiyo le sakhiwo unikele igama eqhelekileyo kule ndlu.
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (inkcazelo)
Phantse wonke esihambela eMoscow uyazi ukuba uphawu iphambili Russia i Red Square. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo yenye yeendawo ezininzi ozukileyo yonke entsonkothileyo kwezakhiwo kunye ezikhumbuzo elise kuyo. Itempile nigcobe uphahla 10 yinzwakazi. Ehlabathini ephambili (main) Church ebizwa ngokuba ubathethelela symmetrically amalungiselelo abanye ezisibhozo. Bona zakhiwa ngohlobo inkwenkwezi-kwakubonisa anesibhozo. Zonke ezi iicawa bebonakalisa kungayanyaniswa imihla Ibanjiwe Kazan Khanate leeholide zonqulo.
Uphahla St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo and intsimbi Tower
amabandla esibhozo ethwele izahluko 8 onamaqhakuva. Eyona engundoqo (central) isakhiwo "ententeni" epheleleyo, ngasentla ezinyukayo kancinane, "cupola". Dome Weshumi yakhiwa phezu kwenqaba intsimbi ibandla. Yintoni okuphawuleka ukuba zonke ezi uphahla yetempile zahluke ngokupheleleyo enye kwenye kwinkangeleko yazo kunye nombala.
Modern intsimbi ende ibandla owakhelwe kwisiza belfry omdala, Amanxuwa awo ndibuye ndiwakhe ngokupheleleyo azisalungiseki kwinkulungwane XVII. It elimiswe 1680 emazantsi nenqaba intsimbi kwesitya elikhulu eliphezulu, apho bakha octagon. Kuye indawo phandle zifakwe ngeentsika 8. Bonke amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kwindoda enhle. sites Top isithsaba intente phezulu libe, kungqameko apho ezihonjiswe iithayile ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo (white, bhlowu, mthubi, brown). Ngohlangothi tiles bakhe ligutyungelwe olugobileyo eluhlaza. Phezulu wentente le iyintloko onamaqhakuva, zinezihloko i umnqamlezo libe. Ngaphakathi imihlaba imiqadi yeplanga iintsimbi, leyo baphoswe emva XVII-XIX kwiinkulungwane ezijingayo.
ukwakheka
Abasithoba amabandla Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi isiseko efanayo kunye gallery. osemqoka yawo umzobo ahlekisayo, isizathu ephambili kuzo ngemizobo zeentyantyambo. Indlela unique yetempile idibanisa ngokwesithethe zombini izakhiwo yaseYurophu Russian le Renaissance. A isici esasenza yecawa zombini imingxunyana enhle. Ukuphakama kwetempile (ukuba uThixo amajukujuku liphezulu) IBhunga 65 m Amagama of Churches :. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, Emnye, nkolo UAdrian kunye Natalia, umnyango ukuya eYerusalem, Ioanna Milostivogo, Varlaama Hutynskogo, Aleksandra Svirskogo, uGregory i-Armenian, i Ukukhuselwa nguMama kaThixo.
Enye inkalo kwetempile kukuba akukho kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Kuyinto iindonga ongaphantsi sinamandla kakhulu (ukufikelela okusuka ka-3 m). Ukuphakama nganye kwezi ndawo nama-6.5 m. Ukwakhiwa itempile yonke emantla iyodwa nje torispherical isiqulathi ongaphantsi akukho iintsika axhasayo. Iindonga wesakhiwo "Sika" ebizwa-njalo "zinemingxuma umoya", ezo imingxunyana emxinwa. Bunika microclimate ekhethekileyo ebandleni. indawo kwesakhiwo Iminyaka ibingekho khona ekufuneka amarhamente. Nishi-zokusebenza ziye isetyenziswe njengendawo yokugcina kwaye avale ucango, ubukho apho ngoku ukubonisa kuphela phezu kweendonga ngokwenzekayo. Kukholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kokuphela XVI. Bayenza ebutyebini bokumkani.
Inguqu ngcembe yeBhunga
Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. phezu engcwele intloko olugobileyo, owathatha uphahla yokuqala, wayitshisa kwenye ngomlilo. Le Cathedral Orthodox kwinkulungwane XVII. ebizwa Emnye, njengoko ibandla yokuqala eyenziwe ngomthi, leyo yayimi phezu kwisiza, yayakhiwe imbeko Emnye oyiNgcwele. Ekuqaleni le isakhiwo nenkangeleko ngqongqo neliyingqondi, kuba kwayo yakhiwa ngamatye kunye ngezitena. Kuphela kwinkulungwane XVII. Zonke uphahla zazihonjiswe kunye iithayile yodongwe. Ngelo xesha ukuya etempileni zaye zongezwa wokwakha yezi zinto. Ke kwakukho iintente phezu iiveranda kunye Imizobo entsonkothileyo wesilingi. Kwangaxesha nye, ezindongeni kunye nophahla ukupeyinta yabonakala zezintlu. Ngowe-1931, phambi kwetempile wamiswa ilitye lesikhumbuzo ku Minin kunye Pozharsky. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eSt Vasiliya Blazhennogo ukho wolawulo odibeneyo Russian Church Orthodox kunye Museum Historical eMoscow. Esi sakhiwo ilifa lenkcubeko Russia. Ubuhle nokwahluka le tempile kunye noku kulo lonke ihlabathi. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow ezinxulumene leMveli kwiHlabathi yi UNESCO.
Ixabiso Protection Cathedral kwi-USSR
Phezu kwayo nje intshutshiso ngamandla yiSoviet ngokuphathelele unqulo nokutshatyalaliswa eziliqela iicawa, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow ngo-1918, wabekwa phantsi ukhuselo karhulumente njengoko ilitye lesikhumbuzo lenkcubeko ngokubaluleka yehlabathi. Oko ngeli xesha, yonke imigudu abasemagunyeni zigxininise ekudalweni yimyuziyam kuyo. Eyokuqala yaba umgcini Archpriest itempile John Kuznetsov. Yaba nguye lowo phantse yedwa anyamekela besakhiwo, nakuba imeko yakhe nje eyoyikekayo. Ngowe-1923, i-Cathedral ikuyo loo imyuziyam zembali-wezakhiwo "Pokrovsky Cathedral". Sele ngo-1928 waba ngomnye amasebe kaRhulumente Museum Historical. Ngowe-1929, kunye naye zonke iintsimbi zonqulo yasuswa avalwa umlomo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba itempile phantse eneminyaka elikhulu rhoqo yayilungiswa, ingcaciso yawo yavalwa kanye kuphela - ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.
Cathedral St. Basil kule 1991-2014 biennium.
Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo safudukela ukusetyenziswa odibeneyo Russian Church Orthodox nakuRhulumente Museum Historical. Kwi 15.08.1997, ebandleni yaqalwa ngeeholide kunye neenkonzo ngeCawa. Ukususela ngo-2011, sivulele Izindlwana abebekade bengakwazi ukufikelela, apho zicwangciswe imiboniso emitsha.