Iimpawu zesifo sephepha miphungeni.

Esinye isifo yemiphunga na isifo sephepha. Njengokuba isifo ngalinye, ukuba uneempawu yayo, iimpawu zesifo sephepha yemiphunga, oko ngazo kwaye siza sithethe. Iarhente causative sephepha na Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ngowe-1882, uNjingalwazi uRobert Goch ezifumaneka kumaziko iintsholongwane nesifo nca, kunye pathogen nenkcubeko net. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba iintsholongwane isifo sephepha ilifa ukumelana eliphezulu kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle. Xa lesitofu indawo evumayo ukwanda kwabo, iintsholongwane ze-TB inokuphila ixesha elide. Namhlanje, iimpawu zesifo sephepha yemiphunga baziwa kakuhle.

Isifo sephepha - sisifo esosulelayo entsonkothileyo kakhulu ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya iqela iingxaki. usulelo ingakumbi kakhulu kwenzeka ebantwaneni, ngenxa yokuba lo immunosystem umntwana, ekubeni amandla, angabi nako ukuxhathisa usuleleko, nto leyo wosulelwe ngulo eziphilayo. Uphuhliso kunye ikhosi lwesifo sephepha ebantwaneni ixhomekeke iimpawu eziphilayo. Umntwana immunosystem ngokomelela, kokukhona kwaye ngokukhawuleza kokukhona kuya ukumelana usulelo. Ngokuba abantwana ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka emibini usulelo lwe-TB isasazeke wonke umzimba. Xa sincokola ngayo abantwana abadala, immunosystem wabo eyeka esi sifo kwinqanaba ekukhanyeni. Iimpawu ze-TB umntwana kuxhomekeke imilo kuphokozela sifo, kwakunye indawo yenkqubo. iimpawu ngokulula selo kwesi sifo kwemiphunga:   ke kuthathwa ukuba eqhubekayo ukukhohlela, ifiva, ukudinwa, sinciphise ephaphile, ukungabi namdla kunye umzimba. Iimpawu zesi sifo isoloko kakhulu zifana iimpawu njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla, okanye ukudumba bronchi. Uxilongo lwesifo sephepha isekelwe phezu ngokususela kwidatha ezintsonkothileyo. ukufunda zomzimba ukukhanya ngoncedo kumatshini X-ray, isifundo okhethekileyo ekhutshwa ukukhohlela isikhohlela, isikhumba Mantoux uvavanyo - onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ubukho okanye ukungabikho lwesifo sephepha ebantwaneni.

Ipesenti asanda bene sisifo sephepha yemiphunga, abantwana benze i-78% yamanqaku ewonke. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukucaciswa uxilongo kufuneka ngokukhawuleza uqale unyango, olusekelwe therapy isibulala-zintsholongwane. Kule mihla phthisiatricians bahlanganisana kakhulu ukuthintela amava kunye ubhaqo kwangethuba kunye nonyango.

Abantwana nayiphi na ubudala esi sifo kuba nzima. Xa abakwishumi elivisayo, kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwinkqubo yonyango, nto leyo ngakumbi nefuthe elibi kwixesha lenkqubo.

sifo Ilibazisekile sifo okuqhubekayo pulmonary TB ziindlela zokufa. Ebantwaneni, esi sifo sizibonakalisa ngokuthi kungekho iimpawu ngokungqongqo ethile, nto leyo ekhokelela nobunzima kakhulu kokuxilongwa. Ngoko ke, i imeko siphambili uxilongo ngexesha nangokuchanekileyo - iimviwo polnotseloe.

Iimpawu sephepha yemiphunga kungabonwa yi uxilongo ngamaxesha athile, oluqhutywa ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo Mantoux, kanye ngonyaka, ukuqalela kunyaka wokuqala; kunye nabantwana abafikisayo abangazange zagonyelwa isifo sephepha zonke m-6., ukuqala ngo-6 m. yobudala phambi kokuba isitofu sogonyo luza kwenziwa. Chest-X ray ukuba intsha, abafundi, abasebenzi. Ukuhlola okwenziwa emsebenzini okanye esikolweni, ezibhedlele dispensaries TB.

Iimpawu ze-TB ebantwaneni musa kwahluke ngale jikelele. Uxilongo lwesifo sephepha lwenziwa enqumla ezininzi diagnostic tests. Ukususela ngomzuzu wadalwa tuberculin, ndikubhadulise nanamhla isampuli achaphazelekayo bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa indima yawo kwaye kuseyeyona ndlela iphambili lokubhaqa nesifo sephepha ebantwaneni nakulutsha. Inaliti ongama of tuberculin emzimbeni womntu, nto leyo eye ngaphambili gciwane zombini usuleleko ezizenzekelayo sisifo sephepha, yaye ngenxa kogonyo, ukuba impendulo efanelekileyo esi sifo, leyo lidlala indima enkulu kokuxilongwa.

Xa abantwana ixesha lobudala ezingundoqo kuthetha ngayo nothintelo lwesifo sephepha i -BCG. Inceda ukuba ukuyilwa omzimba ngabom, ebavalelayo ukuba kwesi sifo ezosulelayo iye umlinganiselo zothintelo ethandwa kwaye ngempumelelo yesilungu. Ukrokrela iimpawu zesifo sephepha yemiphunga, ukuba benze ntoni? Kufuneka uye esibhedlele ukulungiselela iinjongo zoviwo kunye nonyango, onako iyaluthintela uphuhliso TB, oko esabela ftiziopediatr.