Yokwazisa. Izisekelo ubuchule kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo

Ukuze ubhale izicelo yokuntsonkotha oluhluka-hlukeneyo, kufuneka kuqala bafumane ulwazi malunga nendlela yokwenza oko. Kwaye kunqweneleka ukuqala kwiziseko algorithms kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo. Yiloo nto, siza kuthetha kwi-sikhokelo weli nqaku.

Yintoni isayensi yekhompyutha?

Ngoko wabiza inzululwazi zobugcisa Complex ogama msebenzi - iindlela systematization wokudala, inkqubo, wayithumela, luvelise ngaphandle data usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe computer. Kusebenza kuwo-siseko ukusebenza nokuphathwa ngeendlela, leyo uncedo ukuphumeza le njongo. Igama elithi "ikhompyutha" kukuthi isiFrentshi ngemvelaphi liselikho hybrid yamagama "ulwazi" and "Automatic". Yavele ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso kunye nokusasazwa zobuchwepheshe obutsha zokuqokelela, ukwenziwa, nangokusulela ezithe ezinxulumene nitrogen yabo media computer. Oko koko phi le computer. Izisekelo ubuchule kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo ungomnye imiyalelo ezibalulekileyo kwale nzululwazi.

Ntoni na?

Ngaphambi kokuba isayensi lezekhompuyutha le misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. Hardware kunye nenkxaso-software ye computer.
2. Iindlela yentsebenziswano phakathi kwamalungu omntu kunye nekhompyutha kunye.

Igama elithi "interface" lidla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisela inxalenye yobugcisa. Silapha engenasizathu program. Izisekelo ubuchule kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo lisoloko lisetyenziswa xa uyila ezisasazwayo iimveliso "afanele 'ukuze uphumelele ababukeli. Ngapha koko, ngenxa ukuthandwa lwesicelo kuphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo kufuneka ukusebenza ukhangele.

i algorithm

Bangakwazi kurekhodwe inani elininzi ngeendlela. ethandwa kakhulu zezi zilandelayo:

1. inkcazo yomlomo-definable. Ukuthini nokubekwa ezithile zetekisi kunye neefomula oluzakuthi luchaze iimpawu yentsebenziswano kuzo zonke iimeko ngamnye.
2. Umzobo wokulandelana kweenkqubo. Oku kuthetha ukufumaneka yeesimboli graphic ukuba ukunika ithuba ukuqonda iimpawu impefumlelwano lwenkqubo ngaphakathi kwabo kunye nezinye izicelo okanye icandelwana yentsimbi ye computer. Ngamnye kubo kuba noxanduva lokwenza umsebenzi othile, inkqubo okanye ifomula.
3. iilwimi Algorithmic. Lwenzelwe nokudalwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo echaza iimeko ezithile apho bonisa iimpawu kunye nolandelelwano lwemisebenzi.
4. scheme Operator. Lwenzelwe ukudalwa kwendlela - iya kuboniswa ngokusekelwe kweendlela yentsebenziswano oya kusahlula operands.

I pseudo-khowudi. Umzobo we amathambo of the program.

irekhodi algorithm

Indlela ukuba aqale ukudala inkqubo prototype, umsebenzi, okanye inkqubo yayo? Ngoko ukuba sifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezi jikelele zikhokelo:

1. algorithm nganye kufuneka igama lakho, nto leyo echaza intsingiselo yawo.
2. Qiniseka ukuba anyamekele phambi kokuqala kunye nesiphelo.
3. Kufuneka uchaze igalelo nemveliso data.
4. Ukuba ukubonisa iqela kunye neya kuthi yenze iintshukumo ezithile iinkcukacha ezithile.

ukurekhoda Tindlela

I algorithm babe baninzi emihlanu. Kodwa nantsi indlela ukurekhoda nje ezimbini:

1. Ezisesikweni-ngomlomo. Lubonakala kwi ukuba inkcazelo kwenziwa ikakhulu usebenzisa ifomula kunye namagama. Content kwakunye ukulandelelana amanyathelo algorithm kule meko ibhalwe ngolwimi zendalo ngendlela echubekileyo.
2. Graphic. Eyona ixhaphakileyo. Ngokuba kuye, besebenzisa abalinganiswa ibhloko okanye iitshati. Umdibaniso phakathi kwabo eboniswa ngoncedo lwelayini ezizodwa.

Hlakulela Ubume beprogram

Kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Linear. Nale nto, onke amanyathelo yenziwa nangendlela ecwangciswe kakuhle ngokulandelelana kuhlu odolo kwaye kanye kuphela. Umphathi wesekethe ikhangeleka ngathi kulandelelwano iibhloko amalungiselelo kwehlisa ngokuxhomekeke ukuze lokubulawa kwabo. kwisiphumo se data eziziiprayimari eliphakathi ayikwazi kuchaphazela ulwalathiso inkqubo azo.
2. Eyayizalwa. Ndafumana enkulu Isicelo mkhuba, ngesisombululo iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ingqalelo iimeko okokuqala okanye iziphumo zexeshana, le izibalo edingekayo eyenziwa ngokungqinelana nabo ulwalathiso inkqubo azo usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo.

Nokungazinzi koqoqosho. Ukuze lula umsebenzi wakho kunye nenani lemisebenzi, ezinye iindawo ikhowudi iyavakala ukuba uphindaphindwe amaxesha amaninzi. Ukuba ukumisela indlela ixesha yaye oko kufuneka ukwenze usebenzisa isakhiwo elibujikele. Ubonelela uthotho imiyalelo leyo iza kuphindwa de imeko ethile. Ukusebenzisa Loops ivumela ukunciphisa ukuntsonkotha yokubhala inkqubo.

zokuhlela

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ulwimi lokuprograma apho le nkqubo iza kwenziwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abaninzi kubo "bavalelwa" phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusebenza (umzekelo, kwi-intanethi). Ngokubanzi, iilwimi lokuprograma yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini:

1. Ukusebenza.
2. operator:

- Ayikho imithi;

- unyango.

Ngaba unokuthelekelela nguwuphi na kubo amaninzi kusetyenziswa? Operator-unyango - na impendulo. Basenokuba ejoliswe umatshini okanye ezimeleyo. I yangaphambili ziquka nabadibanisi, autocode ikhowudi yokomfuziselo. Independent yahlukana ngokusekelwe orientation wabo:

• unyango;
• ingxaki;
• into.

Ngamnye kubo yayo. Kodwa ukuba babhale iinkqubo (izicelo luncedo okanye imidlalo) ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iilwimi into-orientrovannye. Kakade ke, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye, kodwa yokuba zezona kuphuhliswa kakhulu kakuhle ukudala imveliso yokugqibela losetyenziso kwiinginginya. Owu, ukuba akukabi umbono ngqo ukuqalisa apho, Ndikubekela ukuhlawula ingqalelo kwiziseko algorithms kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo into ebomini. Ngoku le indawo ethandwa kakhulu, apho unako ukufumana okuninzi izinto zokufundisa. Ngokubanzi, izisekelo algorithms kunye neelwimi kweenkqubo ngoku kuyimfuneko ngenxa yokuba kukho ukunqongophala developers abanezakhono, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwixesha elizayo kuya kukhula kuphela.

isiphelo

Xa sisebenza kunye algorithms (yaye kamva kunye neenkqubo) kufuneka afune ukuba bacinge zonke iinkcukacha ukuya kwelincinane. Koko unexamined ukubona inxalenye nganye ikhowudi kuya kukhokelela kuphela umsebenzi ezongezelelweyo, ukwanda kweendleko kuphuhliso kunye nexesha lo msebenzi. ukucwangciswa ngenyameko ingqalelo zonke bokuqonda uya kusindisa kakhulu ixesha, amandla kunye nemali. Kulungile, ngoku ndingatsho ukuba, emva kokufunda eli nqaku, unalo ulwazi malunga iziseko ubuchule kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo. Kuhleli kuphela basebenzise olu lwazi. Ukuba ufuna ukuhlola isihloko ngokweenkcukacha, ndiya ukuncoma incwadi "Basics of algorithms kunye lokuprograma" (ku Shestakov) 2012.