Iimbongi yokuba Isangqa Pushkin esithi: amagama, umsebenzi

1810-1830-imi-. ingqalelo Golden Age kwimibongo Russian, nto leyo eye waphumelela kakhulu ubugcisa ngexesha yothando. Eli xesha kufuneka ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuba ekuqaleni ukukhula oziyilele uncwadi yesizwe. Oyena usembindini inkqubo zemibongo kwi wesithathu 1st kwenkulungwane ye-19 yaba Pushkin. Iminyaka engamashumi yokuqala kwaye ebizwa ngokuba Pushkin kwexesha. Around imbongi zihlelwe ababhali abaninzi, ngoxa abanye wahlala imisebenzi yabo imvakalozwi kunye nokubhala, ngoxa abanye waxelisa Aleksandru Sergeevichu kwaye kwasekwa ekuthiwa circle Pushkin kaThixo neembongi.

Ububanzi ubugcisa boncwadi

Ezinye iimbongi umbutho ngokusesikweni wayengekho ngelo xesha. Iimbongi of isangqa Pushkin kaThixo, uluhlu leyo iquka amagama afana Vyazemsky Baratynsky, ulwimi, Delvig baba ngokucacileyo kunye ngamnye, ilizwi yayo elihle. Ba, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, umsebenzi wakhe bakucaphukele imibongo ka Pushkin, kodwa musa ukuthatha ngokuphathelele kulo indawo owayamileyo, maxa wambi ngelithi baza baphikisana naye, yaye maxa wambi, ngokungafaniyo ukuqonda iingxaki kunye nohlobo kwimibongo. Isikakhulu ke iilwimi bokuhlala kunye Baratynsky. imbongi nganye, bangezi Aleksandru Sergeevichu, wazama ngaxeshanye ukulondoloza ukuzimela zabo zokuyila kuye.

Yintoni, ke, Luluntu neembongi? Nangona umbhalo ezahlukeneyo ombambazelayo zabo, iimbono twatse kwi hlabathi-isimo sengqondo kunye nehlabathi mbono iimbongi kwisangqa Pushkin kaThixo. Umyalezo ngesihloko, ngasendleleni, babuzwe ukuba ukulungiselela abafundi kwiiklasi zoncwadi, ngoko ke nqaku liza kuba luncedo abazali ukuze bancede abantwana babo kumsebenzi wesikolo wasekhaya. Ngoko ke, zonke iimbongi Pushkin kumnyele wayekholelwa ukuba izibongo - ubuchule ukuvumelana, leyo ngokuvumelana kwi umphefumlo womntu. Ngamaxesha usizi nentlungu abantu babuyelayo kwisihobe, kwaye bafumana uxolo. Ukuvumelana isangqa Pushkin ithe ke kugqalwa uhlobo siseko kunye nemigaqo ukugosisa zehlabathi, nemihobe - ungumgcini yalo efanelekileyo.

Denis Davydov

Le yenye kwiimbongi kakhulu unesiphiwo, owaziwa imi--1810-1830., Ingaba ubuso yokuqala zemibongo. Hussar Denis Davydov - sizukulwana predpushkinskogo imbongi, wasungula imaski ngokungenaloyiko njengegorha ngokungakhathali kunye ngaxeshanye, a emkhosini ukwaphulwa gay. I-Russian ukulwa lyrics ukuba ngaphambili ezahlukeneyo, Davydov uthe usebenza lakhe igama elitsha. Wenza lwasemanzini, ivesi eNamandla ukuluma ikwagqibezela aphorism rhoqo elibukhali. Indalo edume imbongi zezi zilandelayo: "lwezincoko ubomi suki Vasilevicha Davydova, 'okubhaliweyo uhlobo ukubhala ngokuphila, kunye nobutyebi eziphathekayo memoirs ezineengongoma ezinobunyaniso.

Pushkin wavuma ukuba wada wafunda Davydov, wazama ukuba simxelise "linegunya le vesi." Noko ke, ebomini Alexander akazange banxibe iimaskhi, waza wahlala naye, akunakuthethwa malunga Denis Vasilievich, owathi ebomini baba ukuzama umfanekiso hussar ukwaphulwa kunye imbongi zadityaniswa nayo.

uKonstantin Batyushkov

Iimbongi of isangqa Pushkin kaThixo, imibongo ezibhaliweyo ngam uhlobo romanticism, ngokuqinisekileyo kwinkqubo yoyilo swi imisebenzi umbhali Russian. Emva onke Batiushkov wabiza omnye vulindlela lombutho zezithandani uncwadi. legacy yakhe yokudala iqulathe imibongo, iincwadi kunye namanqaku iprozi. UKonstantin Batyushkov wangena imbali iincwadi Russian ngokuyintloko njengommeli i "vesi ukukhanya", ukuba yeharim ke Davidov, kunye Bogdanovic, kunye Pushkin. Le ntsingiselo isusela emva izithethe style anacreontic xa kwivesi sung uvuyo nothando, ubuhlobo, inkululeko ngaphakathi kunye nobomi jikelele.

Peter Vyazemsky

Imbongi wathabatha waba imbongi ixesha lethu, kodwa ukuba umsebenzi phambi kwexesha, yena kwisivumelwano kunye namaxesha awayephila, emva 1837 mbalwa ubunyani nokubona icala layo, iye kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ngaphambili. lizenzele Vyazemskij adunyiswe nentlekele indoda akafuni kwaye ayikho nako ukuphila phantsi kweenyani loo migaqo ukuba uphawu lwekhulu yakhe.

Njengezinye iimbongi kwisangqa Pushkin kaThixo, wafumana ukufana yayo echaza inkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko Alexander. Ababini imbongi zazikufuphi kakhulu, kwaye nkqu Vyazemsky Pushkin wanikezela umsebenzi. Bobabini ke iindlalifa kwenkulungwane ye-18, ubuntwana imbibed uthando ngesizathu nokukhanya. Xa umsebenzi wakhe Denis Vyazemskij gravitated yemveli iifom zesihobe: i elegies melancholic, ode inkululeko-onothando, iintsomi, ngemizekeliso, didactics kunye uvuthondaba.

Anton Delvig

Njengamanye kwezinye iimbongi kwisangqa Pushkin kaThixo, imbongi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem baba zizihlobo ebutsheni bakhe. Badibana kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kunye nobuhlobo Pushkin echazwe nangakumbi indawo Delvig kubuhle noncwadi. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, wakhuthaza umfanekiso imbongi ngokuthi "ubuvila oselula", ambethe neentlobo zothando zakudala. Anton Delvig isitayile yamandulo ubungakanani imibongo lwamaGrike namaRoma, iimilo, kwaye lyrics bakhe ukusungulwa semeko kwihlabathi lamandulo, apho ubuhle kunye nobunye ubukumkani. imizobo yakhe imbongi ezenziwe uhlobo yemibongo anthological kunye idylls.

uNikolay Yazykov

Ubuqambi imbongi yi ithoni umxholo eyahlukileyo. Ngolwimi tafula imbongi, wangena umfundi ukuba udale uhlobo igama. imisebenzi yakhe phambi kwesiphumo Ukungakhuli elithozamisayo, infantilism. Iimbongi yokuba Isangqa Pushkin kaThixo waqonda Nikolaya Yazykova indlela kutshanje umntwana abangakwaziyo ukuhlawula amaqhinga kuyingozi kunye pranks. Ukhankanye ukuba indlela umhlobo kwencinane, Pushkin wathi: "Unjani wena na mil shalish ngayo" Iilwimi bagcobe amathuba kunye nobuchule, njalo kwintetho yakhe imvakalozwi zendalo kangaka exclamatory, amagama amisiweyo, kunye iminxeba elikhulu.

Ekuphetheni

Kakade ke, kweli nqaku sele ezingafakwanga kuluhlu zonke iimbongi kwisangqa Pushkin kaThixo. Le Galaxy mkhulu, yaye ukongezelela kwabo kwathiwa ngasentla malunga, iquka Zhukovsky Kuchelbecker, Krylov kunye nabanye. iimbongi isiphelo enkondlo owayesebenza ngexesha elifanayo Aleksandrom Sergeevichem, bavela ngokwahlukileyo. Abanye wathabatha ukuya kwibala boncwadi phambi kokuba (umzekelo, Denis Davydov) nangokuyilayo zazive- le "ilanga kwimibongo Russian", yaye ke kuphela wajoyina isangqa yakhe. Ke zonke iimbongi kwisangqa Pushkin kaThixo - ababengaphambi kunye ababephila - munye into enye: badalelwe imisebenzi yabo kwixesha eyayibanjwe phantsi umqondiso Pushkin.