Iimbangela kunye unyango lwe-phobia yoluntu. Isicwangciso sonyango olufanelekileyo lwezentlalo

Ubuntu (ukusuka kwisiNgesi - "ukwesaba uluntu") - enye yeengxaki zengqondo ezixhaphakileyo, zihlala ziloyiko oluxakekayo lomntu phambi koluntu. Iyabonwa njengesifo sobutsha: ngokuqhelekileyo ichaphazela abantu abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwe-30.

Ukuphazamiseka okuhlangene nama-phobias asekuhlaleni kunokuba ngamazinga ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwintlanzi encinci kwi-large scale.

Esi sifo sengqondo siphephile kwimpilo yomzimba, kodwa kakhulu kunciphisa umgangatho wobomi bomntu. Umntu ufumana uluhlu lweentlungu ezingathandekiyo xa ehlala kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, ngokubonakala kowesidlangalaleni, ngokunyamekela komntu wakhe.

Isinyathelo sokuqala esiya kubomi obuvisisanayo nofezekileyo sinokutshatyalaliswa kwezentlalo. Ukufezekisa oku kuyinyani, into ebalulekileyo kukuba umnqweno nokuzimisela ukujamelana nobunzima. Ekuqaleni kuya kuba nzima, kuba naluphi na ukukhula kobuntu kukutshintshwa kwezimo zengqondo ngokutsha. Kodwa xa iziphumo zokuqala zifezekile, umntu uyavusa ukuzithemba. Olu mgangatho lukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zonxibelelwano, ezivela kuphela kumntu onamandla.

Siza kuqwalasela izizathu, ukubonakaliswa kunye nokunyangwa kwe-social phobia Iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Imbali yentlalo yoluntu

Kwiminyaka engama-60 yekhulu lemashumi mabini, izigulane zokuqala zavela ngezikhalazo eziphazamisekileyo malunga noyiko loluntu. Iimpawu kubantu babecala kakhulu (ekubeni besaba ukuhlaziswa esidlangalaleni ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba kubekho esidlangalaleni). Kodwa ngokubanzi, babemanyene ngabanye: baqala ngesihlwele esikhulu sabantu. Emva koko izazi ze-psychotherapists zaqala ukuba nomdla kwi-social phobia. Unyango lwaluqhutywa yindlela yokwenza i-psychoanalysis yeSigmund Freud.

Iingcali zengqondo zixhomekeke kwingcamango yakhe, ngokubhekiselele kubantwana obunendima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kobuntu, kwaye ininzi ye-phobias isetyenziswe kwasebuncinaneni. Kwimeko ye-social phobia, ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bomzali nomntwana omncinci bubaluleke kakhulu.

Umama kufuneka anike ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo umntwana, uthethe naye, amomotheka. Ndiyabulela kubonakaliso lwenkathalo nomsindo, umntwana uqala ukuqonda ukuba uyadingeka. Ngenxa yokungabi nonyameko, umntwana uyaziva engadingekile: ikhula ingenangqondo kwaye inomsindo. Umntwana ufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu ekutyelelweni kwangoko kubantwana bee-nursery okanye i-nursergarten. Uqala ukuphosa abazali bakhe, kukho ukwesaba okungaziwa, okubangela ukuba i-social phobia ifike kwixesha elizayo.

Ulwalamano: Iingxaki

Utyando lwe-phobia yentlalo ngokuthe ngqo luxhomekeke kwizizathu ezibangele umntu othile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu unokungalingani ngokukodwa kwamathambo, ke unqunywe unyango ngeepilisi. Ukuba ubunzima bezonxibelelwano kubangelwa ngenxa yeengxaki zezingane, ngoko-sotsifobu ibonisa ingqondo yengqondo yokuziphatha.

Ziziphi izizathu zentlalo yoluntu?

• Izinto zokuhlala (xa omnye wabazali ejongene nokuxhalaba kwentlalo, umntwana uya kuhluma).
• Ukungalingani kwama-neurotransmitters. Inkqubo yethu ye-endocrine ivelisa i-hormone ethile ejongene noloyiko, ulonwabo, ukunyamezela, ukudabuka, njl. Xa umsebenzi wayo uphazamiseka, i-hormone echanekileyo ikwaphulwa. Oku kukhokelela kwisifo sengqondo kunye nokuxhalaba okukhulu).
• I-Introversion (uninzi lwentlalo elungelelaniso noluntu olunobuthakathaka lwenkqubo yesantya).
• Ukuthukwa kwabantwana.

Iyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yentlalo ibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto. Ubunzima obuphazamisayo bomntu bubekwe nguxinzelelo, okanye intukuthelo, okanye ngxaki ekhoyo. I-psyche ayimi, kwaye umntu olandelayo uzalisa iindibano ze-sociophobes.

Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo yoluntu

Iingqungquthela zengqungquthela zingabonwa ukusuka kude: zincinci zabantu abancinci abanee-headphone ezikhangelelana kuneminyaka yabo. Zibonakaliswe ngombonakalo ongabikho kunye nokubonakala okungaqhelekanga.

Intlalo yokuqala, eyaziwa ngokwasemthethweni, yayingumJapan oselula. Kwiminyaka yeshumi elinesibini ekupheleni, baqulunqa i-hikikomori - abantu abatsha abakhetha indlela yokuzimela ngokuzithandela. Inkalo yabo eyahlukileyo kukunciphisa uxhulumaniso kunye noluntu. Indlela yokuphila i-hikikomori ithandile uluntu olutsha lweNtshona. Kungekudala le ntshukumo yafumana udumo kwiNtshona nakwiRashiya.

Nangona kunjalo, ukungafuni ukuhlala kuluntu kunye nokwesaba uluntu kubaluleke kakhulu izinto. Iyokuqala kukubonakaliswa kwe-nihilism, kwaye okwesibini yi-phobia engathandabuzekiyo ebangela ukuba umntu angakhathazeki ngokwenene. Le ntlupheko ibhekene nento yokuba ayikwazi ukuba phakathi kwabantu: kunzima kuye ukufumana umsebenzi weofisi, akayi kuma-nightclub kunye namaqela. Ngelo xesha, umntu uyaqonda ukuba kukho into engalunganga kuye. Ufuna ukutshintsha imeko, kodwa akakwazi.

Iimpawu zentlalo yoluntu

Umntu onesimo esiqinileyo sezenzo zentlalo unqongophele kakhulu. Izigaba ezintathu zichaphazelekayo:

• Ukuziphatha;
• YePhysical;
• Emotion.

Isigaba sendlela yokuziphatha sinobunzima kakhulu: umntu uyala ukutyelela iziganeko ezithandekayo, ugweme iindawo ezixhamlekileyo, akwazi ukuthetha kuluntu.

Icandelo lomzimba libonakaliswa yimpawu zokuzimela:

• Tachycardia;
• Ukugubha;
• Ubomvu besikhumba;
• Ingqumbo emqaleni;
• Ukwandisa ukujuluka.

Emotionally, i-social phobia ibonakaliswa njengoloyiko olungenangqiqo nolwesaba abantu. Umntu uyayiqonda intloko yokungabi nalutho kwimeko, kodwa ayikwazi ukuchaphazela imeko.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-social phobia

Unyango lwentlalo yoluntu lusetyenziswa ngabangcali be-psychoanalyst, iingcali zengqondo kunye neengqondo ze-psychotherapists. Musa ukuya kwingqondo, ngenxa yokuba lo ugqirha uyaphilisa ngengqondo, kungekhona i-neurotics. Umfo-mpilo ongazi ukufunda uya kubeka isigxina esinzulu kwi-social phobes, eyokunciphisa uxhalaba, kodwa abayi kuphelisa imbangela yengxaki. Inketho efanelekileyo kukufumana i-psychotherapist efanelekileyo eya kunceda umntu ukuba afike phantsi kweengxaki.

Ukwamkela ugqirha-ingqondo yengqondo iqala ngembali yesigulane ngeengxaki zakhe. Emva koko, ugqirha uya kunika iimvavanyo ezizodwa:

• Uvavanyo lukaLusher (kwimeko yengqondo yomntu jikelele).
• Uvavanyo lwe-Spielberger-Khanin (ukuchonga izinga lokuxhalabisa).
• Uvavanyo lwentlalo yoluntu.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo kunye nezikhalazo zomntu, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kwaye unyango lubekwe.

Unyango lwentlalo yoluntu

Umsebenzi ophawulekayo kaRobert Kiyosaki "UTata oTyebileyo, uTata ohluphekileyo" uchaza imeko apho abantu abaneengqondi nabafundi bahlala bengenazo nto ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwabo neentloni. Ngoxa abantu abangafundanga, kodwa abantu abazimisele ngakumbi nabazikhukhumelayo baphumelela. Umbhali ubonisa ukuba umntu akavumelekanga ukuvumela imeko apho uloyiko lugxininisa ukuthanda. Ngenxa yoko, amandla akho angaphakathi kunye neenjongo zakho ziqala ukutshabalalisa, kwaye uyeka ukufikelela kwiinjongo zakho.

Isizathu somntu ohluphekileyo kwimpilo yoluntu yintlalo yoluntu. Unyango luya kusebenza xa ufumana indlela efanelekileyo yokonyango. Ukumnceda ukuba athole i-psychotherapist ibizwa ngokuba: ngenxa yezizathu ezifanelekileyo wafunda iincwadi zabadumileyo abadumileyo kunye nolwazi olusetyenzisiweyo kwiimina-mfundiso.

I-phobia yoluntu inokuphathwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Enye yeyona ndlela iphumelele yonyango lwentlalo yoluntu nge -psychotherapy yokuziphatha kwengqondo. Kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezilungiselelwe ngayo i-social phobia, unyango lwenziwe:

• Amacwecwe kunye namanye amayeza.
• Unyango ngokucamngca.
• Unyango lwe-phobia yentlalo nge-hypnosis.

I-psychotherapy yengqondo

Unyango lwentlalo yoluntu ngeengqondo zengqondo-yokuziphatha lwenzeka ngendlela yeentlanganiso zomntu onengqondo (iiseshoni).

Iingcali zifundisa i-social phobia ukuba ziqonde iingcinga ezibangela ukuxhalabisa. Okumangalisa kukuba, kuvela ukuba "iingcamango ezimbi" zijikeleze into efanayo. Emva koko, abantu kufuneka bahlalutye iingcamango zabo baze bazame ukubeka endaweni yabo ngokubanzi. Ekupheleni kweeseshini zengqondo zengqondo umntu uba ngumfundi weengqondo, ufunda ukuqiqa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye atshintshe izicwangciso zesigaba kunye nezimo eziguquguqukayo.

Iimpawu zokuthi i-psychotherapy inefuthe elihle:

• Ukuxhalaba okukhulu;
• Izakhono zokuziphatha ezintsha kwiimeko zoluntu (xa ziphakathi kwenkalo, xa uthetha phambi kwabantu abaninzi);
• Umbono ongaphantsi kwezinto ezininzi.

Ubuntu: unyango, amacwecwe

Kwaye, ke, i-pharmacotherapy ayikwazi ukukhishwa. Unyango lwentlalo yoluntu ngeendlela zonyango Uqulethe ekumisela umntu umntu onokuphuculwa kwinqanaba lokuxhalabisa. Kumntu otyunjweyo:

• Ukuxhatshazwa;
• Beta-blockers.

Iyokuqala isebenzayo kokubili kwintlalo yoluntu nakwizinga eliphezulu lokuxhalabisa. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lukhupha ukubonakaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zokuxhalabisa - ukuthuthumela, i-tachycardia, ukuthuthumela. Uninzi lwezopolitiko kunye nabamkeli bemvume bayamkela i-beta-blockers phambi kokubonakala kwexesha elide loluntu.

Kodwa kulungile ukukhumbula: iipilisi ziphatha uphando, kwaye akusiyo imbangela. Ziyilutha kwaye zineempembelelo ezininzi ezimbi. Ukwenyulwa kwangempela kwengxaki kukukhula okukodwa komntu, kungekhona igalelo elifutshane elivela kwiziyobisi zonyango ezixinezela inkqubo ye-nervous. Ngoko ke, khetha i-pharmacotherapy yinto yokugqibela.

Unyango lwe-phobia yentlalo nge-hypnosis

I-hypnosis yindlela yesibini eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuphatha i-social phobia. Kuqulethe ekutshintsheni iinkolelo ezonakalisayo zomntu ngokuzifakazela kwiimeko zesimo. I-hypnotist igxininisa umntu ngolwazi oluyimfuneko kwaye uyayivuselela. Emva kwentsuku ezininzi ze-hypnosis, ukwesaba koluntu kuphelelwa ngumntu, uyathula uluntu kumntu wakhe.

Kodwa i-hypnosis inobungqina obufanayo: akubona bonke abantu abachaphazelekayo. Kwakhona, le ndlela ayivunyelwanga yiyo yonke into: umntu akakwazi nje ukuba umntu angaphandle angene engqondweni yakhe.

Ukucamngca

Indlela enkulu yokuphucula umzimba kwaye ususe iibhloko zangaphakathi. Ukucamngca kwaye kwaziwa kwixesha elidlulileyo: liyisiseko sezinto ezininzi zokomoya (yoga). KwiTestamente Elidala, igama lesiLatini elithi meditatio likhankanywe-kucamngca, kugxininisa, ukuphazamisa.

Ukucamngca kukusetyenziswa kokomoya ukucamngca okanye intetho yangaphakathi. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucamngca. Ukususa uxhalaba nokunyusa ingqondo, kukho inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukucamngca ngokuphefumla." Ufundisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uphefumlela ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokwenza oko, umntu ugxotha phantsi, ubonakalisa, ufunda ukugxila kwiimvakalelo ezintle.

Umntu ocamngcayo uzolile, akanakho ukuxhalabisa. Isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sinceda ukuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano

Isiphumo

Ubunzima beentlanzi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo luhlangene kwiingcamango zentlalo. Isicwangciso sonyango olufanelekileyo luquka ukufaka izitshixo ezichaphazelayo ezichaphazelekayo kunye neziguquguqukayo. Ukongezelela okukhulu ekusebenziseni iingcamango zakho kukuphefumula: ukuphumla, ukususa izithintelo zangaphakathi nokunika isimo sengqondo esihle.

Zonke ii-phobes zentlalo kufuneka zikhunjulwe: ngaphantsi kwamanzi amatye angaphili. Kufuneka ukhangele le ndlela yokwenza unyango eyokukunceda. Ekuqaleni uya kulahlwa kwaye uhambe kancane. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe, inyathelo ngesinyathelo, uza kufumana amava amancedo kwaye ufumane into eya kunceda ukubuyela ebomini obonwabileyo.