I umfanekiso inoveli uNapoleon kaThixo "War Noxolo" yi Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy isidanga ngo-1867 ukuya ukusebenza inoveli yakhe "War Noxolo". Iziganeko 1805 no 1812, njengoko kwakunye neenkokeli zomkhosi abathatha inxaxheba kokuphikisa eFrance naseRussia zezona mxholo uphambili msebenzi.

Kanye wonke umntu abathanda uxolo, uTolstoy wasigweba imfazwe. Yena Nibuzana abo impi 'ubuhle eyoyikekayo. " Umbhali livela inkcazo iziganeko 1805 njengoko ngumbhali kunye iPacific. Noko ke, ukuthetha malunga imfazwe ka 1812, uLwazi enambuzelayo sele okunayo sikhundla.

Umfanekiso ka kukaNapoleon Kutuzov

Sidalwe ngokomfanekiso kukaNapoleon Kutuzov inoveli - ibinzana elingqalileyo imigaqo esetyenziswa amanani umfanekiso Tolstoy wembali. Nakanye bonke abalinganiswa ungqamane AMAGQABAZA ▸ yokwenene. UTolstoy akazange tikarhatela ku, ukuzoba eni documentary oluthembekileyo la manani, bedala inoveli "War Noxolo". UNapoleon, Kutuzov kunye nabanye abalinganiswa benza ngokuyintloko njengoko abathwali iingcamango. Ezishiyiweyo imisebenzi leefekthi ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Akabaxwa ezinye iimpawu zazo zombini umphathi (umz, passivity kunye kukudodobala Kutuzova zokuqwebisa kunye narcissistic uNapoleon). Ukuhlola umphathi French kwaye Russian omkhulu, kwakunye namanye amanani zembali, Tolstoy kusebenza a iikhrayitheriya engqongqo yokuziphatha. I umfanekiso inoveli uNapoleon kaThixo "War Noxolo" - umxholo weli nqaku.

Lo mlawuli French yi uchasaniso Kutuzov. Ukuba Mihaila Illarionovicha kungathathwa liqhawe omhle ixesha, umfanekiso Tolstogo kukaNapoleon yengundoqo anti-iqhawe kwimveliso "War Noxolo".

Elichaza uNapoleon

Tolstoy ugxininisa iintsilelo kunye self-ukuzithemba-mkhosi, nto leyo kubonakala onke amazwi akhe, izijekulo neentshukumo. Elichaza uNapoleon isigqebelo. Anakho, "stouter" ngesazobe "kwamathanga ezityebileyo" "mfutshane", fussy, iqinelwa elindwebileyo, "entanyeni zityebile emhlophe", "isisu ngeenxa", "amagxa zamafu." Leyo ke umfanekiso inoveli uNapoleon kaThixo "War Noxolo". Echaza kusasa yangasese French uMlawuli phambi Borodino emfazweni Leo ahlale elichaza uphawu iimpawu ezingakhutshelwanga ezikolu imveliso, uchatha. I koMlawuli "umzimba engazihlambanga," "yimimango amabele ezinamanqatha," "emthubi" yaye "adumbileyo" ubuso. Ezi nkcukacha zibonisa ukuba UNapoleon Bonaparte ( "War Noxolo") umntu kude isuswe yokusebenza kunye neengcambu abantu ezingaqhelekanga. Inkokeli French ubonisa ndoda narcissistic ocinga uya kuthobela yonke indalo. Ngokuba kuye, abantu musa abamele nayiphi na inzala.

ukuziphatha uNapoleon ngayo, indlela yakhe yokuthetha

I umfanekiso inoveli uNapoleon kaThixo "War Noxolo" kutyhilwa nje inkcazelo ngembonakalo yakhe. Xa indlela yakhe yokuthetha nokuziphatha zibonisa nge Narcissism neentsilelo. Wayeqiniseka misebenzi yakhe kunye nobukhulu. Kaloku - oko wangena intloko yakhe, yaye hayi yintoni na kanye okulungileyo, njengoko uTolstoy utshilo. Xa inoveli, ukwenzeka nganye sinalento sikhatshwa ezimbalini nongenanceba yombhali. Umzekelo, xa umthamo wesithathu (inxalenye yokuqala yesahluko yesithandathu) uTolstoy wabhala ukuba kwacaca ukuba umntu umdla kwenzeka kuphela engqondweni yakhe kuye.

Xa umsebenzi wakhe 'War Noxolo "ubekwa uphawu kukaNapoleon njengoko nkcukacha zilandelayo. Nge isigqebelo ocoliweyo, nto leyo maxa wambi iba zibe impoxo, umbhali debunks amabango ukuba ukubusa umhlaba ka Bonaparte, kwakunye zakhe, sizenza rhoqo ukuze imbali. Lonke ixesha, umlawuli French edlalwe amazwi akhe nokuziphatha nto yendalo elula. Oku kuboniswa kakhulu impressively Lvom Nikolaevichem kwi imeko xa lalichukumisekile Borodino endle elichaza yonyana wakhe. Xa indlela yakhe inoveli uNapoleon kaThixo "War Noxolo" ifumene iinkcukacha ezithile ezibalulekileyo kakhulu. Thina achaza olapha ngokufutshane.

Isigigaba lo mfanekiso unyana uNapoleon kaThixo

UNapoleon wahamba waya ukupeyinta, evakalelwa ukuba oko uya kukwenza, kwaye uya kuthi ngoku ukuba "kukho ibali." Portrait ezotywe unyana soMhlekazi, lowo wayedlala indebe kunye ibhola emhlabeni. Le ichaza nobukhulu inkokeli French, Noko ke, uNapoleon wayefuna ukubonisa "njengotata ngesisa." Kakade ke, oku acting ecocekileyo. UNapoleon ababonakalisanga apha akukho iimvakalelo abanyanisekileyo, yena litsedeystvoval kuphela, lathatha imbali. Le ndawo ibonisa ikratshi indoda ayekholelwa ukuba zonke Russia oyiswa kunye ngokoyisa eMoscow babathwalela ngaphandle ngendlela kwizicwangciso yakhe ukongamela phezu kwehlabathi lonke.

UNapoleon - nomdlali kunye nabadlali

Kwaye kukho inani izigigaba ngakumbi inkcazo uNapoleon ngayo ( "War Noxolo") lubonisa ukuba lo mdlali kunye weqonga. Uthi phezu olwandulela Idabi Borodino ukuba ichess sele yenziwe, umdlalo uya kuqalisa ngomso. Ngosuku edabini, Tolstoy uthi emva izithonga umpu, "Game on." Ngaphezu koko, umbhali ubonisa ukuba ixabise amashumi amawaka abantu. Prince Andrew ucinga ukuba imfazwe - oku umdlalo kodwa kubalulekile okhohlakeleyo. Indlela bahluke kuyo yaba ingcinga yomnye abo baphambili abangabasemisebenzini "War Noxolo". umfanekiso UNapoleon imiselwe off yile sokumakishwa kwakhona kwesikripthi. Prince noAndreya wavakalisa uluvo ngayo uxolo abantu, kuyanyanzeleka, phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ngenxa kubukhoboka ingozi sele kumbovu phezu komhlaba lokuzalwa.

ukusebenza Comic eveliswe umlawuli French

Ayizange mahluko kukaNapoleon esibe ngaphaya kwakhe, njengoko kwabonakala kuye lonke ihlabathi buxhomekeke kuphela ukuthanda kwakhe. Le Amazwi unika Tolstoy kwi isiqephu intlanganiso Balashev wakhe ( "War Noxolo"). Ngumfanekiso kukaNapoleon kuwo ihlaziywa ngeenkcukacha ezintsha. Tolstoy ugxininisa umahluko phakathi koMlawuli kunye nonentity lakhe eliphezulu nokuzixabisa. ungquzulwano Comic oqhubeka kulo mzekelo - bungqina yokulungelelanisa yakwalubala induku le mzobo yezembali, ozenza ukuba magingxigingxi yaye womelele.

kamoya uNapoleon likaThixo

Ekuqondeni inkokeli kamoya zikaTolstoy isiFrentshi - yi "ihlabathi ngumntu" omiweyo yi "imimoya yobukhulu" (Volume ezintathu, Inxalenye ezimbini, Isahluko 38). Enyanisweni, uNapoleon na ubungqina kukho inyaniso endala ukuba "ukumkani ulikhoboka imbali" ophilayo (Volume ezintathu, Inxalenye Yokuqala, iSahluko 1). Nicinga ukuba enze ukuthanda kwakhe, eli nani zembali udlala kuphela "enzima", "buhlungu" yaye "kukukhohlakala", "indima ngokungenabuntu" yona. Akufane wayekwazi ukwenza oko, ukuba lo mntu ebengaveli mnyama isazela nengqondo (Volume ezintathu, Inxalenye ezimbini, Isahluko 38). Umbhali ubona aberration athethwe yingqwayi-ngqwayi oyinhloko ukuba ngabom wavusa callousness ngokomoya, nto leyo ithathwa njengokuba ubukhulu kunye xivindzi xa xiviri.

Umzekelo, xa umthamo wesithathu (part ezimbini, isahluko 38) uthi ukuba uyandithanda yokuphatha ababuleweyo nabafileyo, ngokwenjenjalo zokuvavanya amandla abo engqondo (njengoko kukaNapoleon wakholwa). Xa siganeko, xa umlambo Neman awela butho of lancers Polish, yaye umphathi-mkhosi emehlweni akhe ngokwakhe kuhlawulwa nokuzinikela zezibonda ingqalelo soMhlekazi, uNapoleon wabiza Berthier kuye waza waqalisa ukuhamba naye elunxwemeni, enika imiyalelo yaye maxa akakaneli zasikrwaqula i Uhlans kurhaxwa, abangenisa ingqalelo yakhe. Ngokuba kuye, ukufa - kum kunye emehlweni eqhelekileyo. UNapoleon kuthatha kalula kwabo kuye ukuze amajoni abo.

UNapoleon - umntu angonwabi kakhulu

Tolstoy ugxininisa ukuba le ndoda wayengonwabanga kakhulu, kodwa akazange phawula oku kuphela ngenxa yokungabikho ubuncinane ezinye ngengqiqo yokuziphatha. "Enkulu" uNapoleon, "European Hero" ngokokuziphatha. Yena akanako ukuqonda okanye ubuhle, nokuba yelungileyo nokuba inyaniso, okanye ixabiso izenzo zakhe, leyo, njengokuba Lev Tolstoy uthi, "abantu abaphikisa ngenceba nenyaniso," "kude bonke abantu." UNapoleon ayikwazanga ukuqonda ukubaluleka izenzo zakhe (kuquka wesithathu, inxalenye ezimbini, isahluko 38). Ukuze eze inyaniso nokulunga, ngokoluvo umbhali, oko kuphela kungaliwa ubukhulu ndicinga ubuntu bakhe. Noko ke, ngokuba loo mthetho "zobugorha" ayikwazi ukwenza uNapoleon.

UNapoleon uxanduva oko wakwenzayo kubo

Nangona yokuba aluzi ukudlala indima elibi kwimbali, Tolstoy ayipheli uxanduva yokuziphatha yomntu ngenxa yezenzo zabo zonke kubo. Lowo uthi uNapoleon wayefuna ukuba "hayi ezamahala", "buhlungu" indima umxhomi weentlanga ezininzi, ke, qiniseka bona ukuba inzuzo yabo injongo ngezenzo zakhe ukuba akwazi ukulawula indlela ezindaweni abantu abaninzi ukuba enze izenzo zakhe amandla. UNapoleon bacinga ukuba imfazwe ne-Russia kwenzeka ukuthanda kwakhe, intliziyo yakhe ayizange hit kukududuzela kufezwa (Volume ezintathu, Inxalenye ezimbini, Isahluko 38).

abalinganiswa uNapoleon quality imveliso

Kwezinye Amaqhawe umgangatho wemveliso Napoleonic Leo idibanisa ngokunqongophala sabafaki ingqiqo yokuziphatha (umzekelo, uHelen), okanye iimpazamo zabo ezibuhlungu. Ngoko ke, njengokuba umfana ulikhoboka iingcamango soMhlekazi French Per Bezuhov wahlala eMoscow ukuze bambulale baze ngaloo ndlela babe 'umhlanguli yoluntu. " Kumanqanaba okuqala ubomi bokomoya Andrey Bolkonsky waphupha ukuba angalandeli abanye, nokuba ufuna ukunikela kule ntsapho kunye nosapho. Ngomfanekiso Leo Tolstoy Napoleonism - isifo esiyingozi bantu. Oku kubangela ukuba abhadule imane kwi yokomoya "off-endleleni".

Umfanekiso ka kukaNapoleon Kutuzov mbali

Tolstoy uthi mbali udumise uNapoleon, ecinga ukuba jikelele enkulu, yaye Kutuzov etyholwa ngokuba iintsilelo wesixando kakhulu kwaye emkhosini. Enyanisweni, i-French uMlawuli kuphuhliswa 1812 yi njengesiphango umsebenzi. Yena fussed ngayo, wabanika imiyalelo yena nabanye wayebonakala nobuhlakani. Xa ilizwi, le ndoda baziphatha ukwenzela ukuba 'lo mkhosi mkhulu. " Umfanekiso Kutuzov efanayo Tolstoy nto iyavumelana nengqiqo buchopho, ezithatyathwa nangaliphi ixesha. Umbhali ngabom exaggerates nokuguga yayo. Ngoko ke, Kutuzov ngexesha ibhunga emkhosini angawi ubuthongo ukuze sibonise "ukujongelwa isimo", kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayefuna ukulala (Volume One, Inxalenye amathathu, Isahluko 12). Injengele in oyintloko alizithathi kuwuwisa umthetho. Yena sibethelela kuphela oko acinga enengqiqo ngqiqweni bonke yanto. Kutuzov akafuni iimfazwe, ungenzi nantoni na. It Kutuzov ibhunga kwi Fili, sihlale sizolile ngaphandle, ugqiba ukuba ushiye eMoscow, endiwazuze usizi olukhulu engqondweni.

Yintoni egqibayo kwisikali yokwenene ngamnye, ngokutsho Tolstoy?

Phantse onke amadabi iphumelele uNapoleon, Kutuzov kuyalahleka phantse yonke into. Siyohluleka ubunzima ngumkhosi Russian kunye Red Berezina. Noko ke, yena lowo ekugqibeleni wafumana imfazwe phantsi umyalelo yomkhosi, "yingqondi yomkhosi." Tolstoy ugxininisa ukuba mbali abazinikele uNapoleon, bakholelwa ukuba nje umntu omkhulu, a hero. Ngokutsho kwabo, ngokuba umntu abangaka lilodwa ayikwazi kuba abakhohlakeleyo kwanabalungileyo. Ngumfanekiso kukaNapoleon kule ncwadi zidla thaca kule engile. Beyond iinqobo yokuziphatha, ngokutsho ababhali ezahlukeneyo, izenzeko umntu omkhulu. Le mbali nababhali, nokuba moya lihlazo ukusuka umkhosi mlawuli French kuqikelelwa njengesenzo of sublime. Ngokutsho ubuntu wokwenene Tolstoy akuxhomekekanga yi kwisikali "ifomula bobuxoki" mbali ezahlukeneyo. amanga Enkulu nembali ubukhulu lomntu efana kukaNapoleon ( "War Noxolo"). Quotes evela imisebenzi eboniswe esibonisa oko. UTolstoy wafumana ubukhulu lokwenyaniso uMikhail Kutuzov Illarionovich, amabali uNothozamile umsebenzi.