"I-Smart home": umlawuli wolawulo. "I-Smart house": izinto, umgomo, umgaqo womsebenzi

Ingcamango yelungiselelo "yendlu ehlakaniphile" sele idlulile kwinqanaba elimangalisayo kwiimeko zokuzaliseka. Kwinqanaba elithile le ngcamango ifakwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezizimeleyo kunye neendawo zokuhlala, okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukusebenzisa iteknoloji. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli nqanaba kunokwenzeka ukuthetha ngokusasazeka kwelo ngcamango ngokukhululeka okukhulu, kuba isisombululo esipheleleyo esisisigxina seenkqubo zokulawula iindleko zindleko kwaye ezininzi zibonakala zinzima. Enyanisweni, intliziyo yeendlela ezinjalo ngumlawuli we "smart house", obakho ubukho buhlula imigaqo yale ngcamango kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-elektroniki.

Yintoni umlawuli wokulawula?

Naliphi na umlawuli yindlela yokulawula iinkqubo ezithile kwaye ihambelana nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo. Ukulungiswa kwe "indlu ehlakaniphile" kuthatha ukufumaneka kwamacandelo asebenzayo, anokulawulwa yinkqubo enengqiqo. Kuphela isixhobo esincinci, esigxile ekusebenziseni iimpawu ezingenayo kwijinjini kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso engenayo, umlawuli uya kwenza izigqibo. "Ikhaya le-Smart" linakho umxholo ohlukileyo lwezixhobo zokusebenza. Ngokukodwa, ingaba iinkqubo ze-alamu zokukhusela, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, i-multimedia, izakhiwo zobunjineli, kunye nokunye. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto eziphantsi kolawulo olumandla, inkqubo yokusebenza komlawuli ichongiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukusebenza kwamaninzi okulawula. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko kukulawula izixhobo zokusebenza ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina umsebenzi womlawuli ngokwawo, ezinye zezibonelelo zayo nazo zabelwe, kungabhekiseli kwiimodyuli ezincedisayo. Ukongezelela, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kwiindlela zokunxibelelana xa kuphuhliswe ezo ndlela. Ngokomzekelo, abalawuli be-GSM 'bekhaya elihlakaniphile' baxhotyiswe ngeemodem ezizodwa ezithumela idatha kwiimeko zeenkonzo ezisetyenziswayo ngqo kumsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa uxhulumaniso lweselula. Ukuba sithetha ngolawulo lweenkqubo zokhuseleko okanye iinkqubo zobunjineli, xa kwenzeka i-alamu okanye ingozi, umlawuli angakulungiswa ukuba azise iinkonzo ezizodwa. Kwaye inkqubo ye-GSM ayiyodwa yedwa ekubambeni ukuxhunywa okude kunye nomnikazi wendlu kuzaliswa.

Izixhobo zomlawuli

Isiseko esisiseko samacandelo asebenzayo siquka ikhabhinethi yokulawula, ipaneli yokulawula eyongezelelweyo, ikhompyutha yeseva, iitshintshi kunye neemodem. Xa kwenzeka ukuphuma kwamandla, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okungaxininiswayo kunikezelwa kwakhona, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubalwa ukuphuma kwexesha elifutshane, ngoko akunakulungele ukuthembela kuyo kwindlela yokusebenza rhoqo. Ikhabhinethi eyintloko, iqulethe imitha yamandla, i-circuit breaker breaker, ipaneli yomqhubi, abathinteli bamandla kunye neyunithi yokulawula. Ngamanye amaxesha ukutshintshwa kwamanqwanqwa ombane, iimodyuli zokufakelwa kwe-input, i- electromagnetic relays, i -modem ye-GSM ekhankanywe, njl.

"I-Smart home" ngesiseko seklasi encinane, umzekelo, kungenzeka ukuba ingenayo iimodyuli ze-I / O, ukuba inkqubo yokuqala yomsebenzi iqukwa kwinqanaba lokulawula. Kwakhona, ukunciphisa inani lamacandelo asebenzayo kungenziwa ngenxa yomnqweno wokwandisa izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwezinto ezinzima. Kwaye oku akukhankanyi ukulula kweenkqubo ukwenzela ukuba unikeze i-ergonomics yomsebenzisi kwinkqubo yokusebenza.

Ngoku kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela ukubunjwa kwekhabhinethi eyongeziweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kubandakanya iinkqubo zokugcina isipele ezisekho kwikhabhinethi enkulu, okanye unxibelelwano oluncedisayo kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela. Oko kukuthi, ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kwinkqubo kwandisa ukunyaniseka kwemisebenzi yokuba "i-smart house" ilawulwa ngumlawuli oyintloko. Izixhobo kweli candelo, umzekelo, zinokumelwa ngendlela yokunxibelelana kwintsebenziswano yendawo, izikhululo kunye neyunithi efanayo yokunikezelwa kwamandla angaphazamiseki.

Yiyiphi imisebenzi yomlawuli?

Uluhlu lwemisebenzi umlawuli angenzayo lukhulu kakhulu kwaye luzimisele kuphela ngumnqweno womsebenzisi oxhobisa ikhaya lakhe. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kusebenza ngokubanzi kulawulo lobunjineli bamandla kunye neengxenye zobunjineli. Yona kanye imbono ye "izindlu ezihlakaniphile" yayidumile ngokuphathelele umnqweno womthengi ngokukhululeka kokusebenzisa iindlela zokukhanyisa. Abalawuli banamhlanje bavumela ukulawula okukude nokuzenzekelayo ukukhanya kwekhaya kunye nesitalato, kwakunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla ngokubanzi. Sekusetyenziswe iinkqubo ezisisiseko, abalawuli beprogram yendlu ye-smart baxhomekeke kummiselo wokunikezelwa kwamandla kwii-gesi, izifriji, ii-boilers, iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya, njl.

Kule meko, iziteshi zokulawula ezizimeleyo zinokucwangciswa kwimiyalelo eyahlukileyo. Oku kusebenza kwizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukulawula "umgangatho ofudumeleyo" ngokuqhelekileyo unikezela umgca wolawulo oluneenkalo ezine kwindawo ezininzi. Kuyafana okufanayo nangokwakhiwa kwezothutho, edlalwa ngabaphathi be-GSM "kwikhaya elihlakaniphile" ngokukwazi ukuthumela imiyalezo ye-SMS kumsebenzisi nakwiinkonzo zokhuseleko. Ngaphezu koko, isaziso sinokusetyenziswa ngexesha elifanayo ngeendlela zokunxibelelana ezingenazintambo ezixhomekeke kwi-Intanethi.

Imigaqo yokusebenza kwesixhobo

Iingcamango eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo zolawulo eziyingqiqo zisekelwe ekudalweni kwe-automated control. Oko kukuthi, i-complex complex initially is configured to independently manage the components of "smart house". Apha kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo ngabaphathi abanjalo. Oku kungabonakaliswa kokushisa kwebhoyile, "umgangatho ofudumeleyo", ukutshintshwa okanye ukucima izibane, ukulungiswa kweerameters of audio and video equipment, njl. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalawuli be "smart house" bangasebenza, oko kukuthi, benze izigqibo ngokusekelwe kwiprogram engaphambili , Kwaye ngesiseko seengxelo ezivela kwisixhobo esifanayo. Kwimeko yokuqala, umsebenzisi ungena kwiiparitha ezithile zokusebenza kunye nesalathiso seetyunja ezinengqiqo. Umzekelo weklasi ukufakela ukukhanya kwesitalato ukusebenza kwiiyure ezithile zobusuku kunye nokuvalwa okupheleleyo ngexesha lomhla.

Kwimeko yokuqwalasela iimpawu zengxelo, umlawuli uphinde usebenze ngokweprogram yokuqala, kodwa izigqibo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwidata enokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko esetyenziswayo kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Ngokomzekelo, ibhoyili kufuneka igcine amanzi kumxinzelelo othile kwiinkqubo zamanzi. Ukususela kumgca woxinzelelo ofakwe kumgca wokubonelela kwamanzi, umqondiso omnye okanye omnye umqondiso ufunyenwe kwaye ngesiseko eso sinika umyalelo ongenamandla kwi-electronics ye-biler. Omnye umbuzo wunceda njani umsebenzisi kumyalelo owenziwe ngumlawuli. "I-Smart home" yinkqubo yengqondo, kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nokulindela ukuba umnini ungabonakali kakuhle indlela yokusebenza kwiimeko ezithile.

Umlawuli "iAries"

Njengesisombululo esisisiseko, inkampani inika umlawuli wenguqu we-PLC-100, ongabonakaliswa ngokusetyenziswa kweprotocol ye-Modbus yokulungiselela iziteshi zokutshintshana ngolwazi. Inkqubo iklanyelwe ukulungiselela izakhiwo zokuhlala ezizimeleyo kunye neepansi ezimbini, ukukhanya kwesitalato, ukufudumeza komgangatho, i-alamu, njl. Into ebalulekileyo yinkxalabo ngumlawuli onengqiqo odibeneyo kwipaneli yomqhubi kunye nezixhobo zokuphumla-iziphumo ngokusebenzisa i-RS-485. Okokuthi, "indlu ehlakaniphile" kumlawuli "I-Aries" yale nguqulo ingenziwa yenziwe ngumnini ngokwakhe kwisifiso sakhe. Iimpawu ze-I / O zimelelwa ngumxube we-analog MVA8 kunye nokucima izixhobo ezivela kumenzi we-INSYTE.

Imenyu ephezulu yomqhubi unamaseyunithi okulawula a-6, elowo lithatha kwelinye lamacandelo ekhoboka. Ngokukodwa, kunikezelwa amandla, inkqubo yokufudumala, izithuthi zokukhanyisa, iindlela zokulawula ukushisa kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo zendlu, ukuthumela nokungena kwimiqulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba lo mlawuli-GSM ofanayo wokulawula "indlu ehlakaniphile", apho i-SMS ingathunyelwa khona. Isaziso kulo mzekelo siya kwenziwa xa kwenzeka ingozi kwindlela yokubonelela ngombane wokukhanyisa amandla, xa kungenakwenzeka kwi-circuit supply, njl.

Vera Controller

Namhlanje, inani elikhulu labalawuli abahlukeneyo lifumaneka kwiimarike, kodwa iingcali zincoma ukudibanisa nabenzi benzi ngamava amaninzi kweli candelo. Kwaye ngoku, i-Vera yentsapho imodeli inomlinganiselo omkhulu wokuzithemba, kuba inkampani sele isemarike iminyaka emininzi. Esinye isisombululo esitsha sisisombululo seVeraEdge. Impawu ezahlukileyo zalo mgaqo ziquka ukuhlanganiswa, ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye ne-ergonomics. Kwaye ukuphuhliswa kuvela ngaphandle kwemvelaphi ye-Vera line. Umlawuli we "indlu ehlakaniphile" kule nguqulelo inqwenela kunye nokuzaliswa kobuchwepheshe. Abadali basebenzise isiteji se-SoC ephezulu esebenza ngayo, i-frequency 600 MHz. Ngethuba elifanayo, inani lememori yokusebenza linyuka libe yi-128 MB.

Imveliso entsha eyenziwa kwiVeraEdge, yinkqubo ye-chip Z-Wave Plus. Esi sizukulwana sesihlanu se-chip, ngelixa uninzi lwamanqaku okukhuphisana asele asebenza kwiipulatifti zesithathu. Kuthetha ukuthini oku kusebenza? Umsebenzisi angasebenzisa iinkqubo zokunxibelelana ezinomthwalo ophezulu, ngelixa zodwa zikhonza amadivayisi angaphezu kwama-200. Ukongeza, iyunithi ifakwe kwinqununu ye-Wi-Fi, ekhupha ubunzima kunye nentlangano yamacandelo oonxibelelwano lwengingqi. Esi sisisombululo esitsha, okwangoku asikwazi ukuziqhayisa abalawuli "indlu ehlakaniphile" evela kwabanye abenzi. Enyanisweni, kungekhona ngaphandle kweempazamo zenkqubo. Ngelishwa, ayinakho ukunikezelwa kwamandla angenakuguquka.

Arduino Controller

Inkqubo ye-Arduino inikeza isisombululo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa sisisigqibo sokulawula "indlu ehlakaniphile". Ngokufanelekileyo kuthiwa yinkimbinkimbi, eyenziwa yizandla, kuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwintlangano yeziseko zokubeka iliso kulo mqathango kubalulekile. Ngoko, yintoni efumaneka kwiiphakethe zeArduino? Isiseko sesethi ngqo ngumlawuli onengqiqo obuncinane, kwaye izalathisi ezisele zimelelwe ngabavoki, iinzwa kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezikhombisi. Xa kuthe kwathiwa ukuba inani lezakhi likwazi ukukhawulelana, ngoko kwakuncinane malunga neminye imigaqo yokunciphisa izinto, kodwa umlawuli we "smart house" iArduino waletha umgaqo wokuzicwangcisa ukufikelela ekufezekeni. Okokuqala, bonke abavoli bayo basebenze ngaphandle kwentambo, ekhupha isidingo samanethiwekhi amaninzi. Okwesibini, ukulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo komlawuli, kungekhona iibhloko zendabuko kunye neepaneli zesebenzi, kodwa iphepha lewebhu elilungeleyo nelinokuthi lifumaneka njengendlela yesicelo eselula. Ngokumalunga neenjini, zimelelwe zizixhobo ezirekhoda idatha yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, umswakama kunye neepometer zokushisa, iingcango zokuvula, njl njl.

Abalawuli be-Siemens

Abalawuli baseJamani baxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-automation yeenkqubo kwishishini. Nangona kunjalo, kutshanje kubonakale umgca onomdla kakhulu i-LOGO, apho iifom ze "smart house" zihanjiswa. Inkampani ekuphuhlisweni kwezi ngxaki ezihambelana nesiqhelo senkcubeko, sinika imodeli emibini kwipropati. Imodyuli eyintloko yenza ifom ye-I / O yolwazi, inebhobhobhodi kunye nomboniso. Imodyuli yesibini ikuvumela ukuba usebenze nomlawuli ngesikhombi socingo, oko kukuthi, ukukhuphela iinkqubo usebenzisa ikhompyutha. Kuphuhliso oluzimeleyo lweendlela zokusebenza umenzi unikezela inkqubo ekhethekileyo - Comfort Soft. Ukuba le nkqubo isetyenziswe njengomlawuli ophakathi "kwindlu ehlakaniphile", ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nokudala izilungiso zolawulo kunye nezicwangciso zokusebenza. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni, imizekelo yale ntsapho iguquguqukayo. Inyaniso kukuba inguqulelo nganye yomlawuli we-LOGO inokuguqulwa ngokuzisa iinkqubo ezingezantsi kunye neepomodyuli eziya kuphucula umgangatho wokusebenza kwezixhobo.

Iingenelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwabalawuli be "smart house"

Kwimivuzo engenakukhunjulwa yabalawuli bala hlobo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele isisombululo esisebenzayo kwimisebenzi yobunjineli, i-multimedia kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusebenza zasekhaya. Enyanisweni, ubuchule beengqondo kunye neekiti ezilula zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kubanini bezindlu eziqhelekileyo, ukuzisindisa kwizenzo eziqhelekileyo. Njengomzekelo, faka nje umlawuli we-Ethernet oqhelekileyo. "I-Smart home" phantsi kolawulo lwayo ngokusebenzisa i-interfaces yenethwekhi incitshiswa kwiqela elithile lenkcazelo apho umninimzi onokubeka iliso zonke iinkcukacha zokusebenza ezifunekayo kunye nedatha kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ewe, kukho ukuphazamiseka kulolu hlobo lwabalawuli. Ezi zibandakanya ubunzima bokuphunyezwa kobugcisa kunye noqhagamshelwano olusetyenziswayo, inkonzo enzima kaninzi, kunye neendleko ezinkulu.

Isiphelo

Nangona abaninzi abanokuba ngabaphathi beenkqubo zokulawula "indlu ehlakaniphile" bayothuka ngenxa yeqela labo elininzi kunye nobunzima, sele beqhelana nezinto zabo. Ngokomzekelo, i-electronics kwiibilisi zanamhlanje, iifriji, iisethi ze-acoustic kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa zivame ukusebenza kwimimiselo efanayo. Ngaphezu koko, abaninzi abanokwazi ukwenza umlawuli ofanayo "indlu ehlakaniphile" ngezandla zabo, xa befaka inkqubo yokhuseleko kwiisenjini kunye neyunyulo ye GSM. Kuphela ukuba, xa kukho iinkqubo zokhuseleko, isikhungo sisiphaneli esidibanisayo, umzekelo, abaqhubi bezinto zokuhamba kunye nabathathi bumsi, abalawuli abaphantsi kokuqwalasela bakhonze yonke imveliso yezixhobo zasemakhaya, ngokusemthethweni zilungele ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo. Enye into kukuba ukhetho lwesibini lufuna ngamandla ngokubhekiselele kumbane, kunzima ukuphumeza nokusebenza.