I-Roman Catholic Church: imbali, inkcazelo, kunye nentloko okungcwele

Mhlawumbi omnye amabandla inkulu lamaKristu yamaRoma Katolika. It diverged ukusuka kwicala jikelele ubuKristu nkqu kwiinkulungwane okuqala zikude ukwenzeka kwayo. Igama elithi "Catholic" livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi "jikelele" okanye "jikelele". Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi malunga ngemvelaphi ibandla, kwakunye neempawu zawo esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

imvelaphi

History of the Roman Catholic Church iqala ngo-1054, xa yenzekile umcimbi, leyo wahlala yeembali ebizwa ngokuba "kwahlukahlukana Enkulu". Nangona amaKatolika musa ukukhanyela ukuba zonke iziganeko phambi ukwahlulwa - imbali yazo. Kanye kuloo mzuzu bahamba ngendlela yabo. Ngaloo nyaka uMphathi kunye Pope banikana iileta ukusongela wamngcatshayo nezinye masisingelwe phantsi nganye. Emva koko ubuKristu ekugqibeleni zahlulwe kwaye kwakhiwa nemisinga ezimbini - kobuOthodoki yamaKatolika.

Ngenxa ekwahlulweni ibandla lamaKristu bema ngaphandle Western (Catholic) isalathiso, elo ziko waseRoma, kunye Eastern (Orthodox), ezisembindini eConstantinople. Kakade ke, isizathu esibonakalayo kulo iziganeko iyantlukwano kwimibandela iimbono zazo, kwaye eziphefumlelweyo, kwakunye zonqulo kunye nawoluleko, eyaqala kudala phambi kwaloo mhla. Ke kulo nyaka, nengxabano ukungaqondani lalonyukile.

Nakuba kunjalo, eneneni kwaba nzulu kakhulu, kwaye ayizange nje iyantlukwano mfundiso izimiso, kodwa longquzulwano eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabalawuli (nokuba icawa) ngokuphathelele umhlaba usandul 'ukubhaptizwa. Kwakhona kwi inkcaso baphenjelelwa ngamandla kakhulu kwindawo elingalinganiyo upopu kunye ubhishophu omkhulu waseConstantinople, ngenxa ukwahlulwa uBukhosi baseRoma, oko wohlukana kubini - East and West.

Kwinxalenye esempuma kakhulu elide ukugcina ukuzimela kwawo, ngoko ke uMphathi, nangona yena phantsi kolawulo soMhlekazi, kodwa waba ukhuselo ebusweni karhulumente. West kwakhona zaphela sele kwinkulungwane V, upapa wafumana isidanga ukuzimela, kodwa ithuba lokuhlasela ithi amaqaba ukuba kuvele yangaphambili uBukhosi baseRoma Western. Kuphela phakathi kwenkulungwane VIII, i Pope thaca ilizwe, nto leyo yenza ngokuzenzekelayo kube lobunganga yehlabathi.

Sandile ekhoyo ubuKatolika

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubuKatolika - yeyona isebe ezona zininzi zobuKristu, wayitwabulula ehlabathini jikelele. Kunyaka ka-2007 kwiplanethi yethu, kwakukho malunga 1.147 billion namaKatolika. Inani elikhulu kubo eYurophu, apho amazwe amaninzi le unqulo urhulumente okanye iindlela ezikhoyo phezu kwabanye (France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Poland, kunye nabanye.).

AseMelika, amaKatolika yonke indawo. Njengabalandeli zale nkonzo ingafumaneka kweli lizwekazi Asian - kwiiPhilippines, East Timor, China, South Korea, Vietnam. Kumazwe Muslim, amaKatolika amaninzi kakhulu, kodwa ke inkoliso yabo uhlala eLebhanon. Kwakhona eqhelekileyo kwilizwekazi le-Afrika (ukusuka 110 ukuya 175 million).

iyunithi yolawulo lwangaphakathi yeBandla

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele oko iyunithi yolawulo indlela ubuKristu. Pope of the Roman Catholic Church - yeyona igunya liphezulu zabefundisi, kwakunye kolawulo phezu amarhamente kunye nabefundisi. Kukhethwa intloko Roman Catholic Church lo mkhwa i College of Iikhadinali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, igcina amagunya ayo de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, ngaphandle ezisemthethweni self-yokukhanyela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yamaKatolika ukufundisa Pope ithathwa umamkeli le uMpostile noPetros (yaye ke, ekunikeleni uYesu wayalela ukuba anyamekele ibandla lonke), asenjalo nangoku amandla kunye nezigqibo zayo azinakuphazama yaye ayinyaniso.

Ngaphezu koko, xa isakhiwo ibandla ezi zikhundla zilandelayo:

• Bishop, umbingeleli, umdikoni - ngesidanga lobubingeleli.
• Cardinal, uBhishophu, nezo, Metropolitan, njl - izidanga yonqulo nezikhundla (bebaninzi kakhulu).

units Territorial Katolika zilandelayo:

• iicawa ngabanye ebizwa eparchies, okanye dioceses. Bishop umi apha.
• EDayosisi Special ngokubaluleka, ebizwa i-Archdiocese. Ikhokelwa ngu Archbishop wabo.
• Ezo amabandla musa awanalo iwonga le yosisi (nangasiphi na isizathu), ekuthiwa ulawulo yabapostile.
• dioceses Zininzi lwadityaniswa ibizwa ngokuba Metropolitan. iziko kwawo yosisi, ubhishophu lowo elikwinqanaba Metropolitan.
• Mabandla - sisiseko onke amabandla. Bona kwakheka ngaphakathi kwindawo esinye (umz, idolophu encinane) okanye ngenxa ubuzwe jikelele, ngokomzekelo ulwimi.

Akhona emikhosini ibandla

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yamaRoma Katolika iBandla umahluko kwi izithethe ngexesha yenkonzo (kodwa kusekho ukumanyana elukholweni kunye nokuziphatha). Izithethe zilandelayo ethandwayo:

• latin;
• Lyon;
• iAmbrose;
• Mozarabic, njl

umahluko yabo inokuba kwezinye izinto yoluleko, ngolwimi apho ukufunda inkonzo, njl

odolo emishini njengenxalenye ye ibandla

Ngenxa ukutyhilwa ngokubanzi izimiso yeCawa kwaye iimfundiso zakhe Roman Catholic Church unamalunga elikhulu elinamanci mane imiyalelo zonqulo ukwakhiwa kwawo. imbali yazo, ukuba kusekho kudala kude. Sibala elaziwa noMyalelo:

• Augustinians. iqala imbali yayo ijikeleza kwinkulungwane V ukubhala ezingummiselo eSt Augustine. kumiswa ngqo noMyalelo kwenzeka kamva.
• Benedictines. Yeyona esekwe ngokusesikweni umyalelo wokuqala emishini. Esi siganeko senzeke ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane VI.
• Hospitallers. Knightly oda, apho lwaqala khona 1080 kwi yehlelo Gérard. yabonakala Order zonqulo lo mnqophiso kuphela ngo-1099.
• BaseDominican. ukuze Mendicant, ngubani waseka Dominic de Guzman ngo-1215. Injongo indalo yakhe - kumzabalazo wokulwa iimfundiso ngabawexuki.
• BamaKatolika. Oku yasekwa ngo-1540 yi Pope Paul III. Injongo yakhe yaba prosaic: ekulweni intshukumo obukhulayo Protestantism.
• Capuchins. Le umyalelo yasekwa eItali ngo-1529. Injongo yalo ephambili efanayo - umzabalazo kunye uHlaziyo.
• Carthusians. Woonongendi yokuqala esinguMyalelo yakhiwa ngo-1084, kodwa ke evunyiweyo kuphela ngo-1176-m.
• Templars. imiyalelo Military, mhlawumbi elaziwa kakhulu kwaye igcwele nobugqi. Emva kwexesha elithile emva kokudalwa yaba zomkhosi ngaphezu emishini. Injongo yokuqala yaba ukukhusela nabasemzini yaye amaKristu ngabazalwane eYerusalem.
• Teutons. Enye umyalelo emkhosini-emishini ngubani waliseka zenkolo German ngo-1128.
• The Franciscans. Le Mbasa wadalwa kule minyaka 1207-1209, kodwa ivunywe kuphela ngo-1223-m.

Ukongeza kwii-odolo kwi yamaKatolika iCawa ke Uniates ekuthiwa-- loo makholwa abasigcinayo unqulo lwabo zemveli, kodwa wathatha ukholo yamaKatolika, kwakunye igunya upopu. Ezi ziquka:

• AmaKatolika Armenian;
• Redemptorists;
• Belarusian Greek Church Catholic;
• IsiRomania Greek-Catholic Church;
• Russian Orthodox Church Catholic;
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

abangcwele ibandla

Ngezantsi siza kujonga ntoni na abangcwele edume yamaRoma Katolika:

• St. Ioann Bogoslov.
• Saint. Stefan Pervomuchenik.
• St. uKarl Borromeo.
• St. Faustina Kowalska.
• St. Jerome.
• St. Grigoriy Veliky.
• St. Bernard.
• ESt Augustine.

Ngokungafaniyo yamaKatolika iCawa ukusuka Orthodox

Ke kaloku, malunga iCawa Russian Orthodox kunye ibandla lobuKatolika laseRoma kwahluka enye kwenye version mihla:

• Kuba ubunye Orthodox kaThixo - kuba ukholo kunye isidlo, nangenxa amaKatolika apha ezidityaniswe ukuba upopu uPopu kunye inviolability amandla.
• Kuba Orthodox Catholic Church - kodwa onke amabandla lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo yonganyelwe ngubhishophu. Kuba amaKatolika, kufuneka ukuba ukunxibelelana Roman Catholic Church.
• I-Orthodox UMoya oyiNgcwele ophuma kuBawo kuphela. AmaKatolika - evela uYise noNyana.
• Ngo-Orthodox hlukana kunokwenzeka. AmaKatolika abavumelekanga.
• Ngo-Orthodox, akukho nto ezifana miphefumlo. Le mfundiso wamemezela namaKatolika.
• Orthodox ingqalelo ubungcwele uMariya, kodwa Wakhanyela yakhe Nasono akhulelwe. AmaKatolika mfundiso ukuba Virgin uMariya wazala kufana kanye uYesu.
• I-Orthodox abe nemikhuba yavela e Byzantium. Katolika, ukuba baninzi kwabo.

isiphelo

Nangona ezinye iiyantlukwano, yamaRoma Katolika nangoku udade ngokholo ngenxa Orthodox. Ukungaqondani kwixesha elidlulileyo ekwabelwana ngamaKristu, zizenza ziintshaba, kodwa oku akunyanzelekanga ukuba uqhubeke namhlanje.