Yintoni na le covalent bond polar

Polar covalent bond - yenye uhlobo iqhina kwemichiza phakathi atom umbandela ngalo akhiwa iimolekyuli. Ukuba igama "unxibelelwano" iingxaki ngokuqonda lungenzeki, igama elithi "covalent" yaye "polar" Umntu abangaqeqeshelwanga ayaziwa (kakade, ukuba ikharityhulam zemichiza olityelweyo).

Ngoko ke, igama elithi "covalent" livela "Ko" yaye "-valenta", oko ngokoqobo lithetha amandla elinye-owenza. Eneneni, kuba ungamandla uyakwazi ukudibanisa athom ezimbini molecule, reconfiguring Amaqokobhe zabo electron kwisakhiwo enye. Ekubeni bobabini umphakathi bayalingana, ejikelezayo ngeenxa elektroni bazalise icala "lwangaphandle", hayi nje kuphela kodwa umsantsa phakathi atom. Sinokuthi yena oluyintambo covalent. Ngaloo ndlela inkqubo ezimbini enjalo lizimisele ukugqitywa loqwalaselo ngekhompyutha, ekubeni abathwali kwentlawulo ukuba iqokobhe Ngokusebenza atom ngokubambisana. Qaphela ukuba iperi elektroni iyasebenza olu hlobo lonxibelelwano.

Enye ngumfuziselo isenzeko omnye ngokuba ion uhlobo lonxibelelwano. Ekubeni ion luqokelelane xa atom ulahlekelwa ovela, oko kwenzeka xa abathwali isigxina elibi exchange, leyo luphawu ukuba atom kwezinto ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, fluorine, kunye sodium).

Polar covalent bond - yinto ukhetho eliphakathi. Olu hlobo ufana "covalent esulungekileyo" yakha izakhi Orbital (i ilawula unxulumano), kwaye ukusukela ion kulo buso "Ukruthakruthwano" abathwali kwentlawulo. Laba ishenxiselwe omnye athom, kodwa ukushiya ngokupheleleyo kwenye indawo. Umzekelo apho umdlalo of a covalent iqhina polar - molecule yamanzi. shell Kugqityiwe wadala ngokudibanisa ioksijini atom enye hydrogen ezimbini. Noko ke, ekubeni oxygen unendlela ucaca ngakumbi ukutsala elektroni, ushukumisa zabo umphunga ukuya nucleus "O". Phela, akukho atom kuyimfuneko kuba iperi elektroni abe mabini, mathathu, njl Polar covalent iqhina kudala isixokelelwano sabasasazi isigxina (buso) yaye, ngenxa yoko, ezichaseneyo. Kukho into ojolise molecule imida yasendle. Wena wayenokuthi umbulelo kule unikezelo kuvela dipole ngokungaqhelekanga eziphilayo. mzuzu wayo (mu) kwaye olwakha zombane ngamandla endle. Kukho intaphane ifomula yokubala mzuzu dipole (ngakumbi, imveliso kumgama kwi isigxina), ukuba unako ukubala ixabiso buchazwa ezichaseneyo kwemolekyuli.

Ngamanye amazwi, a covalent iqhina polar nga lisekwa athom, leyo nangona electronegativity ezahlukeneyo, kodwa akwanelanga ukuba ukwakha ubuhlobo ionic. Makhe ukuchaza into electronegativity. Eli gama libhekisela isakhono se-atom ethile ukutsala obuciko yayo wabumba (-th) iperi abathwali kwentlawulo ezimbi. Ngokucacileyo, ngokungqinelana nomthetho yolondolozo amandla, imbophelelo atom ngakumbi, incinci ubude bazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, covalent polar bond uphawu athom, iimpawu yamachiza efanayo. Lubonakala yi orientation lwendawo. Oku kwenza nje kuphela ukuyilwa molekyuli, kodwa ngembonakalo yikristale efestileni apho athom acwangciswe umyalelo geometrically echanekileyo.

Ukususela uxhulumaniso, enyanisweni, i superposition ka ezimbini (okanye ngaphezulu) zamafu electron yelo atom ezahlukeneyo, amandla ayo ixhomekeka isikakhulu kwindlela ngamandla eyenzeka okubekwe ngaphezulu. Kulula ukuqonda ukuba ngokudala ngababini, ixabiso umsantsa internuclear electron ukunyuka mninzi.