Ishishini elincinane - yintoni leyo? Iinqobo zokugweba kunye inkcazelo lwamashishini amancinane

A ipesenti ethile bizns Russian emelwe iindidi ezifana kwamashishini amancinane zabucala. Oku, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, iwonga eqhelekileyo iindidi ezintsha ze mveliso, kwabasaqalayo SP. Kukho kwakhona kudidi loo naphakathi enkampanini. Zahlukene njani? Ishishini elincinane - ngabantu abaninzi njani? Ziziphi izinto ozikhethayo kunganika iwonga, kususela ngokombono amanyathelo enkxaso karhulumente kunokwenzeka? Makhe siqwalasele le mibuzo kunye neminye bokuqonda ukuba uphawu ngenxa amashishini kwi imeko ngeSMS.

Iikhrayitheriya SME

Phantsi komthetho Russian, amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi - iiklasi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zamashishini, ubulungu yayo emiselwe inani leendlela. Cinga ezo mava ukuba iinkampani zohlobo yokuqala neyesibini. Makhe uqale ishishini elincinane ekuso.

Yintoni na umbutho kwamashishini amancinci? Ngokuhambelana kunye nezibonelelo zomthetho, ezi ziquka iinkampani, leyo uqesha abantu ngaphantsi kwe-100. Ukucutha kwengeniso yonyaka kwamashishini ezo kuba ngaphezu engange million 400. Kwakhona ukwabelana ngabanini (amaqumrhu asemthethweni, leyo ke bona na amashishini amancinci) kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-25%.

Ezinye iingcali baphawula ukuba amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi - oko akuyonto uhlobo alupheli kwiinkampani zabucala, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba ube mfutshane. Kukho nezinye iindidi imibutho. Ezifana, ngokomzekelo, micro. Ezi ziquka amashishini musa aqeshe abasebenzi ngaphezulu kwama-15.

Siyabona ukuba udidi SME inokuquka amashishini musa babonakala ukuba 'amancinci ". Sekunjalo, ingeniso kufutshane ukuya kwizigidi 400 engange - nto leyo kakhulu kwisikali nkampani.

Le nkqubo amashishini aphakathi-Xavier

ke cinga, yintoni na le miqathango amashishini eliphakathi-Xavier. nabantwana babo. Ngokuphathelele inani labasebenzi, umgangatho kumiselwe ngumthetho, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukusuka 101 ukuya kubasebenzi 250. Ngokutsho ingeniso ngonyaka - ukususela 401 million ukuya engange billion 1. Umahluko kunye kudidi kumashishini amancinci, njengoko sibona, kubalulekile.

Lidlala indima, loluphi uhlobo lwemisebenzi wywnziwayo kwenziwa kule mbutho? No. Ngale ndlela, umthetho ayiqulathanga naluphi na imithetho kwemida. amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi - yinkampani kuyisombulula loongxaki kanye izinto ezifanayo, kodwa abe kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo imibutho kuphela ngenxa ingeniso kunye nexabiso kwabasebenzi. Ngokufanayo ubunini ingqalelo. Ltd. - a kwamashishini amancinane, IP - ngokufanayo. inkampani Joint-stock - ngendlela efanayo. Lo mgaqo mnye uya kusetyenziswa ishishini avareji.

Iikhrayitheriya SME: ucaciselwe

Siye sahlolisisa iikhrayitheriya ezenzeka iindidi ezinjalo lweshishini eliphakathi kwaye encinane nje. Iza kuba luncedo kwakhona ukwazi ezinye iinkcazelo zabo ezichanekileyo.

Ukuba sithethe malunga ubungakanani karhulumente - ithetha avareji yenani labasebenzi ngethuba lonyaka wekhalenda, olungaphambi ixesha ngokuqinileyo yophando sokuhlelwa kwicandelo elinye okanye elinye. Kumiselwe amaxabiso umda umthetho ingqalelo amanani equka wonke.

Phantsi ingeniso ingeniso vule evela kwintengiso yempahla, isebenza okanye iinkonzo ngaphandle VAT. Ukongeza, apha ingongezwa asethi zenkampani, kuthathelwa ingqalelo isixa ethwele kunyaka wekhalenda owandulela lo phando.

zoshishino olutsha njengoko ngeSMS

Kodwa ukuba ozakusixelela ishishini kudidi enye okanye enye, ukuba sifundisisa intlangano entsha? A inkampani encinane, indlela apho ezi bizwa ngasentla, ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo ngenxa yokungabikho kobungqina zamanani. Kwakunye nezo zimiselwe avareji. Kuba Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho lo mthetho elandelayo. Ukuba umbutho yasungulwa kuphela, oko kuchazwa amancinci aphakathi ukuba izalathisi ezibonisa umlinganiselo inani labasebenzi, ingeniso (okanye idityaniswe kwimali ekhoyo) kwisithuba ukususela kwixesha xa ulwazi malunga inkampani wangena kwirejista, hayi ngaphezulu sabo ahambelanayo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba le nkampani yasekwa ngoJanuwari Agasti nengeniso yayo zange ngaphezulu 400 million, kwaye inani labasebenzi - 100, oko - ishishini elincinane. Iinqobo aziwa.

Ukubala bokuqonda isakhelo

Enye into ebalulekileyo malunga ukubala njani inani labasebenzi. Zibalulekile nje kuphela kwizivumelwano sibhalwe ngokungqinelana ne-Code Labour (oko kukuthi, ingxelo yengqesho), kodwa kwakhona izivumelwano yoluntu-zomthetho, kwakunye umsebenzi-yokwabelana. Leyo ingqikelelo "uRhulumente" kule ityala alisonjululwanga ebotshelelwe nomba esemthethweni kobhaliso ubudlelwane zabasebenzi phakathi kwe nkampani kunye nabasebenzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokusemthethweni, yaye yintoni format ezithile - ukuze TC okanye sikhokelo yezivumelwano yoluntu-zomthetho, lo mthetho akunamsebenzi.

Hi ndlela leyi, umthetho nanjengokwesimo, ngokutsho apho subcontracted izivumelwano kungenziwa ulinganiswa izivumelwano ingqesho epheleleyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu isebenza kwikontraki isivumelwano yoluntu, kodwa yonke imihla iya kwi-ofisi iinkampani abaxumi ukuba umsebenzi wabo, ukungqinelana kwishedyuli kwaye kuvunyelwane, yithini, ingeniso ikhefu kunye nenkokheli intlangano, Rostrudnadzor unakho kubophelela inkampani ukuze ungene ngemvume nge neqabane ezele contract yabasebenzi yi-TC.

Yini na ukuba inkampani kwam ubume SME?

Siye uyicacisile ngokwekhrayitheriya apho esiqinileyo uyakwazi kudidi amashishini amancinci naphakathi. Imida ekuthethwa zichazwa kwinqanaba mthetho. Oko kungenzeka ukuba mveliso yelo kudidi omnye okanye omnye kubalulekile ukusuka kwindawo ngembono kwezinye amathemba. Ngokwenene, yintoni na ukusetyenziswa eyenziwayo yokuba inkampani iwonga "amashishini amancinci '? Oku kuquka na amalungelo? Ewe, kunjalo.

Inyaniso kukuba eRashiya kukho inani leenkqubo yase kanye engingqi kamasipala ejoliswe kumashishini axhasayo, nto leyo yenze ishishini elincinane - kwingongoma ocacisa. Kukho indawo yonke nkqubo karhulumente kule ndawo. Malunga enjani amanyathelo enkxaso singakwazi ukuthetha?

Iintlobo inkxaso ngeSMS

nkqubo kaRhulumente Russian kubandakanya inani iinzuzo, ukuba ishishini iqhutywa ngendlela enjalo, njengoko ishishini elincinane. Yinto amanyathelo ezifana:

• izintlu zeenkqubo irhafu preferential (siza sijonga oko nto);
• imigangatho lula enxulumene irhafu kunye accounting, uhlobo ingxelo-manani;
• izibonelelo ezinxulumene neenkqubo zokuhlala kwingingqi impahla zentengiso;
• esokuqala ngendima ekhethekileyo kwamashishini amancinci entsimini yokuthengwa zikarhulumente;
• uncedo ekukhuseleni amalungelo kunye neemfuno oosomashishini ngokusebenzisana abasemagunyeni okugada;
• inkxaso-mali ye amashishini;
• ukunceda amashishini nophuhliso lweziseko;
• uhlobo olwahlukileyo amanyathelo lula ishishini SME kudidi yenkampani.

Ngubani iya kuxhaswa?

iinkqubo zenkxaso yoshishino efanelekileyo lunokwahluka ngokwengingqi (ngokunjalo phakathi koomasipala abohlukeneyo kunye needolophu). Kuxhomekeke phezu nkcukacha ushishino yoshishino. Kwezinye iingingqi Federation kwabaphambili abaphezulu inikwa ziinkampani abazibandakanya kwemigodi, kwezinye - iinkampani zentsimbi. Xa inani lemizi Russian kukho iimali zabo imisebenzi swi inkxaso kwiinkampani bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi uqobo ezintsha. Kwimibutho ezinjalo ukufumana inkxaso wabaseki "qala-ups", ingcamango zoshishino eziphambili edla nokudalwa yayigcinwa entsha ngokupheleleyo kusekelwe kwiteknoloji lubekhona ayikabi.

Ukuziqhelisa, uncedo kwiinkampani ukubayinxalenye kudidi amancinci naphakathi unokuba zombini nomasipala oorhulumente, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo imibutho kunye iziseko, leyo yabelwe le ndima. Umzekelo, ukuba ishishini - kwamashishini amancinane ezintsha, kunokuba esibangela nomtsalane ngempumelelo kutyalo venture ngoncedo kwemali anokubhaqeka ngurhulumente-owned.

The main iingxaki entsimini kwamashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi

Eneneni, izizathu zokuba amashishini kufuneka inkxaso kurhulumente? Ngokwenene yimpumelelo, nangona ishishini elincinane - ngumbutho, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba sixhomekeke ethile imisebenzi mali? Zeziphi iingxaki eziphambili ezithile neSMME eRashiya?

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba, phakathi iingxaki ezininzi boqobo - umthwalo werhafu eliphezulu. Ukongeza, amashishini musa ukuba izibonelelo zemali ngokwaneleyo. Ingxaki yokuqala, xa kusenziwa, kubonakaliswa isikakhulu imfuneko ahlawule imirhumo ezinkulu izimali zoMbuso - le RPF, FSS, HIF kubasebenzi. Ngokubhekisele nebhaso yesibini zintsonkothe - yinto nokufumaneka phantsi ngetyala enexabiso. Ezo rates, ezo ibekwe sisininzi beebhanki Russian, besinzima kunene ngenxa koosomashishini ezininzi.

Enye ubunzima ngokuba noosomashishini Russian - ukufumaneka phantsi kwezibonelelo komhlaba kunye ezithengiswayo. oosomashishini abaninzi bakufumana indlela iingcali kufuneka ubunzima ukuba ukufikelela ku iiprojekthi zezibonelelo amandla. Qhagamshela networks kunzima, amazinga - phezulu. Enye ingxaki kwamashishini abucala, wathi ingcali - ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi.

Indima karhulumente ekucombululeni iingxaki zoshishino

Amaziko karhulumente, iingcali zithi, ngokubanzi, kufuneka ibe nomdla yokuba ishishini amancinci iyakhula eRashiya. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zenkxaso SME kufuneka athathe ingqalelo imfuneko ukujongana nemiba ekuthethwa. Kwezinye iindawo umsebenzi, abahlalutyi bathi, imiphumo iba apho.

irhafu okukhethekile

Okokuqala, kumayelana umthwalo werhafu efanayo kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, ezi amashishini SME sinokuzuza ngemixokomelwano yerhafu preferential - titsh UTII okanye patents. Nganye kwezi iindlela kwiimeko ezininzi kuqinisekisa ukuba imali encinane kakhulu-mali kwi-mali, xa kuthelekiswa ne-manani inkqubo iyonke. Ngaphezu koko, iindidi ezithile oosomashishini ngamnye anelungelo lokuba ukunciphisa irhafu kubungakanani iminikelo ihlawulwa kwi Pension Fund, kunye HIF FSS. Kwaye kule meko ngenxa yabaninzi IP umthwalo ahambelanayo kuncitshiswe. Hi ndlela leyi, apha unako uthi malunga namanyathelo uncedo malunga irhafu kunye accounting. Yonke into efunekayo ukuyinikezela IRS, IP ezininzi - itsho yonyaka. Iimfuneko ulawulo amaxwebhu accounting kuye mthetho ayibonisi.

Mboleko kunye nezibonelelo

Ekubeni credit, kakade, ezinobunzima. Kwanabo iibhanki apho urhulumente ubamba nesabelo ebhudla yokupasa kwabafundi, banikezela ngeemali-mboleko kwi iimeko kude ezinqwenelekayo. amashishini abaninzi banyanzelwa ukuba ukuboleka kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo emenza abe ityala lweziko lwangaphandle enkulu. mboleko Inkqubo evela kwimithombo mali, ngokutsho iingcali, kuphuhliswa eRashiya kunokuba buthathaka.

Kukho ezinye iindlela inkxaso-mali kumashishini ngeendleko kukarhulumente kunye kamasipala yesibonelelo. Noko ke, ukuba bathi zisebenza ngendlela eyondeleleneyo, kuba ngaphambi kwexesha, abahlalutyi bathi. Ngaphezu koko, imali ezivelayo kule iinkqubo zenkxaso ezifanelekileyo, iingcali zithi, ngenkankulu ukuba ukunceda amashishini ukuba bazuze iziphumo ezibonakalayo.

iqala into

Noko ke, bakholelwa abahlalutyi abaninzi amashishini eRashiya bayakwazi ukutsala mali hayi kusuka kwiindonga kunye bezimali. Isibaluli kulo mzekelo ilula: into ephambili ukuba luluvo ishishini engqinelanayo enamabhongo usomashishini osakhasayo kunye nenzuzo. Yonke into efunekayo yomtyali - lo umda ingaphezulu umdla bank avareji. Leyo ingongoma yokuba imali kwishishini, hayi ukudlulisela imali ebhankini. Ukuba umtyali efunisela ugqiba ukuba ishishini ethile elincinane ezintsha - ngumzekelo ukuhlanganiswa iimbono zoshishino esinengqiqo isicwangciso ingcamango-ngenxa ukuphunyezwa kwayo, uyakholiswa ukutyala imali yabo. Kuloo magama, nto leyo mhlawumbi akayi kuba nako ukunika nayiphi na ibhanki yorhwebo. Ishishini elincinane - into enomtsalane kubatyali-mali ezininzi, into utyalo-mali.

SME imbonakalo yabantu

Ingxaki ezinamanqwanqwa phakathi kukarhulumente nayo isigqibo, nangona ngokwaneleyo ngokungangqalanga. Sithetha malunga nokukhuthazwa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho mulebelenga kwiiyunivesithi, uphuhliso lwemfundo yobugcisa. Yonke le misebenzi luxhomekeke kumgangatho nkqubo karhulumente.

Noko ke, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa, oku kwakhona ishishini ngokwayo kufuneka enze iinzame ukuphucula isimo jikelele kwimeko yeshishini elo. Thatha ingxaki efanayo yabasebenzi: iinkampani ezininzi, abahlalutyi bathi, ukwandisa umthamo imveliso, kodwa awakhi amazinga isithuba esitsha. imisebenzi emitsha akukho, ingakumbi ezo ezifuna ukubandakanyeka ziingcali. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yesi sizathu, abafundi musa ukukhetha lokuveliswa wobugcisa, bekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wabo ayiqinisekiswanga. Ukongezelela, iingcali zithi, asizizo zonke iinkampani ingqalelo ingxaki ekwandiseni imveliso yabasebenzi.