Imveliso Cooperative - lo Mthetho ... kwi amanyathelo emveliso. iqumrhu lomthetho - wobunye

Business - oko kuthetha nje ukuba azityebise, kodwa indlela ubukhulu becala inkxaso-mali ukuba indawo okanye elinye iqumrhu, nto leyo kakhulu kuphuhliswa ingxenye lwamashishini amancinci naphakathi. Ukwazi oku, uninzi oorhulumente sixhasa ebonakalayo (maxa wambi nkqu ephepheni) amanyathelo abemi.

Enye indlela enjalo lweshishini elo op imveliso. Oku ngokuzithandela (!) Ukuhlangana nawuphi na ummi ngenxa lilungu ngenjongo yomsebenzi mveliso. Njengoko umthetho, amalungu op ngabanye ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yemveliso okanye inkxaso kwi-moya yobugcisa okanye eziphathekayo. Nganye co-op - iqumrhu elisemthethweni. Xa kunjalo, ngamnye nxaxheba has a share igalelo lobuqu. Wabuyela, ukuba umqeshwa ukuba umke kwinkampani.

Nawuphi na imveliso op - yinkampani yasekwa ngenjongo yenzuzo. Ukuba ikhankanyiwe yi la maxwebhu abasemthethweni, amanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni inokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yayo. Nantsi into co-op.

umthetho federal

Yonke imisebenzi eenkampani lilawulwa yi-Federal uMthetho, owamkelwa ungadlulanga owe-10 Apreli 1996. Ngaphezu koko, ukongeza kuyo ithe yamkelwa yi uMthetho Federal "On amanyathelo emveliso" ku May 8, 1996. amalungiselelo zabo jikelele le mibuzo ilandelayo:

• Ukubekwa op kwimveliso.
• amalungelo ezisisiseko kunye nemisebenzi yamalungu ayo.
• Lo mbutho kunye ukutshona lweshishini.
• Eminye imiba emayiqwalaselwe nathi kweli phepha (nazo ke ezibekwe uMthetho Federal "On amanyathelo emveliso", kodwa ifomu ezininzi yinto enye).

Imithetho kanye watsho phandle ukuba ummiselo lweshishini kufuneka ukuziphikisa-siseko kunye neminye imithetho Russian Federation.

Yintoni na inani lamalungu op?

Phantsi kwemiqathango yomthetho wesizwe amalungu umbutho zemveliso ningangeni abantu abangaphantsi kwesihlanu. Kuye kwasekwa ukuba angaba abemi ezingani, bamazwe amagunya asemzini. Okwangoku le (avareji) amashishini amancinane akukho eyahlukileyo kwezinye nemibutho esebenza kwilizwe lethu.

Ukongeza, ukuba wavumela nxaxheba lwabantu lizwe. Njengokuba sele sitshilo, entlanganweni inxaxheba elinye iqumrhu elisemthethweni. Le nkampani ungakwenza oko nge abameli babo phezu indlela evunywe amaxwebhu abakhoyo.

Ngubani na lilungu op?

Uluhlu nxaxheba nako ukungena nawuphi na umntu othe ndandineminyaka engama-16, ukukhomba isabelo igalelo kwingxowa-mali jikelele op. Okubalulekileyo! Nokunyamezela abantu abenze share igalelo, bathathe inxaxheba kulawulo ngqo inkampani, kodwa musa ukuthatha nayiphi na inxaxheba yabasebenzi yobuqu kwimisebenzi yayo. Inani labantu abanjalo mazingabi ngaphezu kwama-25% yenani lamalungu ngokwabo bakhonze sokubambisana imveliso. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa esilinganayo inzuzo efunyanwa ekuthengisweni kweemveliso.

Ubukhulu Unit Trust

Umthetho akambeki imilinganiso yalo. Amathandabuzo ezinokuvela ubuchule co-op ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfanelo zalo, kodwa lo mzekelo umthetho uthi onke amalungu ale hlobo lamashishini nazo ngokobuqu (oluncedisayo) uxanduva onke amatyala asakhasayo.

Yintoni wadala?

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, ukudalwa sokubambisana yemveliso kuphela inzuzo. Kweli qumrhu ezitsha eziye zavela abandakanyeke kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi ukuba akukho akuvumelekanga kummandla lwelizwe lethu. Qaphela ukuba ukuveliswa amaqela athile imveliso kufuneka kwakhona afumane mvume ezizodwa.

ibhodi

Ukudibana lamalungu op na umzimba omkhulu wobukumkani bakhe. Xa inani lamalungu kune amashumi amahlanu abantu, athe wagqiba ukuseka ikomiti zokusuphavayiza ekhethekileyo. Ukuba sithethe ngayo imizimba elawulayo, kwiindima zabo kwakhona ubabalo wobukumkani bakhe (kunye / okanye usihlalo op).

Okubalulekileyo! amalungu ebhodi (kunye noSihlalo) angaba kanye loo mntu ngokobuqu inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemibutho ukuba amalungu ayo. Qaphela ukuba ukuba ilungu zombini ebhodini zokusuphavayiza ibhodi akwenzeki.

Kwezinye iimeko, intlanganiso jikelele?

Ngokusemthethweni kusungulwa ukuba intlanganiso jikelele onke amalungu op ingabizwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba ngandlel 'enxulumene ishishini. Nangona kukho iimeko ezizodwa apho kokubizwa mihlangano kokwaneleyo:

• Kwimeko wokuvunywa ngummiselo okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze naluphi na utshintsho kuwo.
• Ukumisela ulwalathiso lwentlangano.
• Kwiimeko apho isigqibo okanye ukugxothwa kumalungu lwentsebenziswano.
• Ukongeza, ukuqokelelwa kuyimfuneko ukuba isigqibo malunga ukusekwa ubungakanani mali efanayo, kwakunye naluphi na utshintsho enxulumene eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kwemali lweshishini. Ukongeza, inkxaso ezoshishino (ukufumana utyalo) nalo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemvume amanyathelo ngamalungu ombutho.
• Kakade ke, ngaphandle esi senzo akudali ikomiti elawulayo, kwakunye ukupheliswa okanye ukwamkeleka kwabanye imisebenzi elawulayo nezinye amalungu eKomiti. Noko ke, ukuba lamalungelo libonelela ilungelo yentlanganiso zokwalusa isigqibo imibuzo enjalo, kubanjwe intlanganiso.
• Kuyimfuneko, ukuba co-op ezikhandelwa ikomiti upicotho okanye liyayeka imisebenzi yayo.
• Ukuvuma iingxelo zonyaka, nezigqibo uphicotho okanye kophicotho, kwakunye ukwabiwa yenzuzo afunyenwe ngenxa yemisebenzi lwentsebenziswano.
• Kwakhona ibanjwa yokuhlangana, ukuba lo mbutho ngokwayo ibe impahla.
• Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko kwimeko ukusekwa okanye ukutshona amasebe na.
• Okokugqibela, amalungu op oyihambayo, ukuba ugqiba ukuba ujoyine ezinye iimanyano kunye nemibutho.

Ngenxa yoko, op imveliso - yinto kwishishini ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eye esweni yalo kunye namaqumrhu lokwenza.

Ezinye iinkcukacha ngalo intlanganiso

Ukuba kubonelelwe yi Tshatha, intlanganiso lamalungu athathwe, kunye nezinye izisombululo. Kwimeko apho ilungelo elinjalo igcinelwe kuloo mzimba, intlanganiso kufuneka abekho ngelo xesha ngaphezu kwama-50% onke amalungu lweshishini mathupha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yayo. Isigqibo ezithatyathwe ivoti elula, isiphumo ngokubala ivoti. Noko ke, kukho ingangeniswa ezinye iindlela, kodwa zonke kufuneka ngokucacileyo ziboniswe yitshata lweshishini. Kungakhathaliseki kubungakanani isabelo sawo, ilungu ngalinye op unelungelo lokuvota omnye.

Ukuba sithetha ngayo ekulungiseni charter zombutho okanye litsha yayo (ngaphandle kuphela kwimeko ukuguqulwa zibe intsebenziswano ishishini okanye inkampani) kwaye xa impahla, isigqibo kufuneka kuthathwe kuphela xa wavotelwa ubuncinane ¾ yamalungu lwentsebenziswano. Xa kukho intsebenziswano ishishini okanye inkampani, inkampani nendlela enokulungiswa kuphela xa kuthe ukuba esi sigqibo kwathathwa ngamxhelo.

Xa kunjalo, xa ufuna ukwamkela okanye ngaphandle ngummi evela kumbutho, esi sigqibo singenziwa ubuncinane 2/3 lweevoti. Yonke imiba ukuba kuphela xa kwisakhono leNdibano, asikwazi kutshintshelwa kwamanye iikomiti yolawulo kwakheka ngaphakathi lweshishini.

Le Komiti nelawula

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ngexesha ukukhula imilinganiso wentsebenziswano amalungu angaphezu kwe mahlanu iNdibano yesiZwe yenze isigqibo sekomiti zokusuphavayiza anokwenziwa, ogama imisebenzi kufuneka ngoko nangoko ngokuqinileyo imimiselo yakho. Sele ekhankanywe ukuba ilungu kuphela umbutho abe lilungu lekomiti enjalo. Inani wekomiti lwabasebenzi, kwakunye ixesha kwexesha lokuba sesikhundleni zigqitywa iziphumo yentlanganiso.

Kukhethwa iBhodi nelawula uya kuba nelungelo lokukhetha usihlalo wayo. intlanganiso yeKomiti olwenziwa xa abasweleyo, kodwa ubuncinane - qho emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Phezu kwayo amagunya ayo, amalungu eBhodi abaziisuphavayiza abanalo ilungelo ukwenza naliphi na inyathelo lebyi egameni op. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imiba ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kuphela ngugunyaziwe zokusuphavayiza ayisombululeki Intlanganiso amalungu lwentsebenziswano.

Amanye amaqumrhu alawulayo lenkampani

Amaqumrhu olawulo zisetyenziselwa ukulawula yonke imisebenzi lweshishini ngemihla. Ngokomzekelo, xa abantu co-op ngaphezu kweshumi, ukuba onyulwe ngamalungu ebhodi. Ithuba lokuba sesikhundleni ngoko nangoko ibonakala Charter. Ibona yonke imiba yemveliso ezivelayo op kwixesha phakathi kwintlanganiso jikelele amalungu ayo. nobuchule yaso ngesisombululo zonke iingxaki ezingenako lubekhona amanye amabhunga olawulo.

Intloko usihlalo ebhodini. Khetha ukuba onke amalungu op kwintlanganiso jikelele, le abaviwa babe kuphela kwabo bantu. Ukuba inkampani sele ukwazile ukwakha ikomiti elawulayo, abaviwa onyulwe usihlalo webhodi na. Enoba kwakuyintoni na, amagunya awo ngqo gca kule mnqophiso.

Ngoko, xa ufuna ukucwangcisa umda ixesha ngaphakathi apho usihlalo unelungelo lokusebenza, ukuze sibe ububanzi ngokucacileyo amagunya ayo, ingakumbi kummandla ilungelo ukulahla impahla yalo mbutho. Ukongeza, kwi enye uxwebhu oluphambili ulwazi zilandelayo ziya kufakwa kwi kwiimeko zogunyaziso: umvuzo, imiphumo ukonzakala kunye umonakalo kwishishini.

Ukuba co-op sele umthetho kwi Amanqaku of Association uya kuba uluhlu lwemiba ukuba usihlalo unelungelo isigqibo ekunene kuphela.

Njengomgaqo, amagunya anikwe kwanele ukuba asebenze egameni op ngaphandle wamnika igunya eyahlukileyo ligqwetha. Kusenokuba ezinentsebenziswano onke amaziko kamasipala kunye norhulumente, kwakunye ukulahla (in imida kakuhle echazwe) ipropati lo mbutho. ukuba kuphela unelungelo ukugqiba izivumelwano yaye ukuba asayine amandla egqwetha (ingakumbi ezo kuxhomekeke kwilungelo endaweni), ukuba ukuvula neeakhawunti, ukuba ukwamkela nokugxotha abasebenzi abatsha (ukuba umba lowo ezingummiselo). Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, elawulwa ngokupheleleyo usihlalo wentlanganiso jikelele amalungu ombutho.

Malunga Commission Audit

Kwimeko apho kukho imfuneko yokulawula yokusebenza kwezimali kwishishini, kwintlanganiso jikelele ikomiti ekhethekileyo ukuze kukhethwe. Xa inani lamalungu zeNkampani ubuncinane amabini, kuba elingumvi indawo kwenye kuqeshwa. Xa kungekho tyala liya ilungu leKomishoni Audit isenokungabi umqeshwa omnye esilawulayo op.

Commission umisela uxanduva ngeenjongo zokuya epheleleyo ubume zezimali zenkampani kwithuba lengxelo edlulileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba unako ukuvelisa uphicotho inxalenye yemali imiyalelo ezizodwa intlanganiso jikelele amalungu lwentsebenziswano, iBhodi zokusuphavayiza ngexesha elifanayo ngaphezu kwe-10% labasebenzi mbutho.

Kuvunyelwa kwakhona kutshekisha isinyathelo amalungu ikhomishini. Onke amalungu alo banelungelo lokuba acele nawuphi na umlawuli zonke kuyimfuneko iingxelo zemali kunye eziphathekayo kunye namanye amaxwebhu.

Iziphumo okuhlolwa esilungiselelwe ingqalelo yentlanganiso jikelele kwamalungu nokugunyaziswa okugada. Ukuba kwisakhono amalungu ekomiti yophicotho i akwanelanga ukucacisa ezinye iingxaki accounting, banelungelo ukuzibandakanya nabaphicothi-zincwadi bangaphandle (okanye mveliso zophicotho), ukuba loo layisenisi yokuqhuba ipateni eqhelekileyo.

Okubalulekileyo! Ukuba uvavanyo efunekayo-10% abasebenzi lwentsebenziswano, yonke kwiindleko zokuqeshwa abaphicothi (ukuba kuyimfuneko) ihlawulwe ngabo.

Yintoni luxanduva op yemveliso?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na amatyala mbutho idibana zonke iinketho ezikhoyo impahla yakhe. Charter lwentsebenziswano nayo ifuna ubungakanani kunye neemeko zobutyala ngokuzibona, nto leyo akumiselweyo onke amalungu ombutho, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani yokuvulwa yunithi. Kuba izibophelelo yabasebenzi ngamnye, inkampani libekwe ityala nangayiphi na indlela. Efanayo kuthiwa umthetho "On amanyathelo emveliso".

Kuphela xa kuthe ilungu op ukuhlawula amatyala, xabiso lazo elo likhulu kune ixabiso lazo zonke izinto zayo, ikwabizwa vumela kwakhona sonke isabelo sawo. Noko ke, ingxowa-mali ayahlukahlukenanga kunye nezinye ii-asethi zemali yenkampani kule meko ayikwazi bahlukunyezwe nayiphi na imeko. Ngenxa yoko, op imveliso yinkampani classic kunye liability olongezelelweyo.

Uluhlu lwamaxwebhu abasemthethweni

Yena uya kuba mfutshane, njengoko kolu xwebhu nkampani maphepha kuphela. Kufuneka uhlawule igama elipheleleyo lombutho, kunye neenkcukacha malunga nendawo ebonakalayo. Kungenxa kule mnqophiso kufuneka kunikwa yonke ingcaciso malunga ubungakanani igalelo, kwakunye nemiqathango zezicelo zabo. Kukho abakwasilungele phezu luxanduva amalungu ulwazi intsebenziswano notyeshelo komyalelo ngokuzithoba kwabo, kwakunye nemiqathango inxaxheba yabasebenzi wobuqu kwimisebenzi lweshishini. Kuba abathile ukunyhashwa linokusetyenziswa izohlwayo okanye namanye amanyathelo, iinkcukacha apho nazo abhalwe ezingummiselo.

Ukongeza, kufuneka kubekho ulwazi ukwabiwa iingeniso kunye nelahleko, kwakunye zipeyintwe ngokweenkcukacha luxanduva op yemveliso onke amalungu ayo. Ngokupheleleyo kwaye iinkcukacha omkhulu ichaza imisebenzi kunye namagunya amabhunga olawulo, kuquka kwezo meko apho izigqibo zingenziwa usihlalo lebhodi ngendlela kuphela.

Xa kufikwa ukupheliswa kobulungu entlanganweni, uxwebhu wenza ulwazi ngendlela ehlawule igalelo, kwaye kufuneka ingqalelo inkqubo yokwamkelwa lwamalungu amatsha kunye nokungabandakanywa abasebenzi evela kwinkampani. Kukho kwakhona iimpawu eneenkcukacha ngokwakhe inkqubo yemveliso evela kumalungu op, kwakunye nazo zonke iimeko apho umbutho iqela libe ngaphandle kulo. Kunye nolwazi malunga onke amasebe ezikhoyo, kwakunye kunokwenzeka lenguqulelo kwakunye nokuphelisa epheleleyo. Xa inkqubo lokuququzelela yitshata op imveliso ixhomekeke nezinye iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukusebenza kwawo.

Yeenguqu ...

Njengoko ngaphambili sitshilo, ngokutsho isigqibo bevumelana kwintlanganiso jikelele inkampani enokulungiswa ukwenza intsebenziswano okanye weshishini. Inkqubo transfer obunjalo esiqingqiweyo ngumthetho, kufuneka bakhokelwe zonke entsebenziswano mveliso kunye nomthengi.

Ngawaphi amalungelo amalungu op?

Okokuqala, umsebenzi ngamnye unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kwishishini, kananjalo linevoti enye kwintlanganiso jikelele op. Abasebenzi nabo ngokwabo unyulelwe onke amaqumrhu alawulayo, kwakunye ikomiti yokubeka esweni.

Ukuba kukho isizathu, amalungu lweshishini free banelungelo lokwenza izindululo yokusebenzisa umbutho, kwakunye ibango malunga iintsilelo kutyhilwa kumsebenzi lwabaphathi. Ukongezelela, onke amalungu op yemveliso uya kuba nelungelo lokufumana isabelo yayo yenzuzo, leyo yayifunyenwe ngenxa yomsebenzi yemveliso lweshishini.

Ilungu ngalinye Meyi sentsebenziswano nangaliphi na ixesha isicelo ulwazi oluyimfuneko evela kumagosa yombutho, kwakunye nanini na ixesha nokurhoxa Group, emva koko kwakufuneka ukuba ahlawule imali elingana ubungakanani igalelo layo isabelo. Ukuba amalungelo umsebenzi athe anyhashwa, ufanelwe ukuba isicelo kwiinkundla, kuquka ukuba izibheno ezifakelwa izigqibo amalungu ebhodi, ngubani ngandlel kuphazamisana izilangazelelo onke amalungu op.

Kakade ke, lo ummiselo (kunye nemithetho ye-Russian Federation) ubonelela ilungelo lokufumana umvuzo, nto leyo ebalwa kwisixa-nxaxheba lwabasebenzi zobuqu zabasebenzi entlanganweni. Ngokubanzi, yonke le nkcazelo iqulethe umthetho "On amanyathelo emveliso", leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla.

Imisebenzi amalungu op

Umqeshwa kufuneka enze igalelo share, ngokunjalo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yombutho, ukuthatha ngayo inxaxheba yabasebenzi ngqo. Ukongeza, ukuba uyanyanzeleka ukuba awuthobele wonke imimiselo lwangaphakathi kunye ukulandela neminye imithetho, ezithe zamkelwa yibhodi ye op. Kwakhona, onke amalungu op yemveliso uya kuthwala uxanduva kolwakhe, apho kufanele ukuba lubandakanye yonke asakhulayo amatyala siqinile.

Distribution of yenzuzo

Ukusasazwa ingeniso eyenziwe ngokusekelwe zombini inxaxheba yabasebenzi ngayo abasebenzi kwaye ubungakanani igalelo layo isabelo. Xa kufikwa amalungu ukuba co-op, bangathabathi inxaxheba yabasebenzi wobuqu umsebenzi wombutho, ngoko ke ingeniso isasazwa phakathi kwabo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubungakanani izabelo ngamnye. Xa kunjalo, xa kuthathwe ngokuhambelana kunye nesigqibo kwintlanganiso jikelele, inxalenye yale mali ezifunyenweyo ukuze zisasazwe phakathi kwabasebenzi. Umyalelo inzuzo phakathi kwabo kule meko kufuneka ngokungqongqo kulawulwa ngummiselo lweshishini.

Ukongeza, phakathi kwamalungu op asasazwa nayo imali eseleyo emva kokuhlawulwa zonke iirhafu kunye nezinye iintlawulo enyanzelekileyo. Qaphela ukuba ubungakanani-mali, nto leyo yahlulwe phakathi kwamalungu yombutho, akuyi kuma-50% yabo ingeniso epheleleyo, njengoko bonke abanye mayibhekiswe kuphuhliso imveliso ukuqinisekisa yokuhlawula amatyala olupheleleyo lweshishini.

Ekuphetheni ...

Okwangoku le fomu zokwenza ushishino elizweni lethu eqhelekileyo ubuncinane. Inyaniso yokuba kule meko ke kuyimfuneko ukufumana inani elikhulu labasebenzi abanezakhono abaya amaholo igalelo lobuqu kwinkampani. Ukongeza, uxanduva inkxaso apho aya kuba noxanduva naziphi na iimpazamo okanye ulawulo ulwaphulo ngabom, akaphefumleli iimali kunye nabasebenzi nethemba.

Ngokufutshane, Ukuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo kwilizwe lethu kuxhomekeke okwanamhlanje kwi op.