I-chromatin yesondo

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-gynecology kunye ne-andrology yezilwanyana, kukho isidingo sokwenza uvavanyo lwemizimba yesigulane. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uqaphele ngakumbi izizathu zesifo, ukhethe ikhosi efanelekileyo yokunyanga kwaye uqinisekise ubungqina bokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.

I-chromatin yesini ibonakaliso esibalulekileyo sokuphuhliswa kwesondo ngokuqhelekileyo kumgangatho weselula. Ukuxilongwa kwayo kuyimfuneko kwiimeko xa kufikeleleke kwiimpawu zokuziphatha ezikhoyo kwizakhiwo zangaphandle. Uphononongo luqhutyelwa ekufumaneni izifo ezibangelwa i-chromosomal pathologies kunye nokubonakala kweempawu zokukhubazeka ngokwesondo. Isizathu salo sinokubakho ukungena kwimihla kwintombazana kunye nokuphuhliswa kwee-ovari okanye ukunciphisa umsebenzi wabo kubafana.

I-chromatin yesondo yafunyanwa kuqala ngu-J. J. Bar ngo-1949. Ngethuba ekufundeni iisensi zeentsimbi zekati, waqaphela i-chromatin eyenziwe kwinqanaba le-nucleus. Emva koko, le nto ibalulekileyo yamaseli angama-female somatic iye yafunyanwa kwininzi lwababameli bendlela yokunyanga. Kwimizimba yesilisa loo mizimba ayifumanekanga. I-Taurus Barra yinxalenye yazo zonke iiseli ze-somatic zabasetyhini. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko kunezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ("iingqungquthela"). Iiseli zeSomatic ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yomzimba womntu. Ezi ziquka zonke iiseli zomzimba, ngaphandle kwegetetes. Oku kufunyanwa kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kwandiswe ingcamango yezindlela zokuqhelana ngesondo kubantu nakwizilwanyana ezincelisayo.

Ubukho bemizimba kaBrara emzimbeni wesetyhini buchazwa ngobuninzi be-X i-chromosomes kwiiseli ze-somatic. Kwaye omnye wabo unomsebenzi. Yingakho iiseli zesetyhini zihlala zihlala umzimba weBarra. Le ngcamango iphinde ivumeleke ukufumanisa iimpazamo ekuphuhlisweni kwendalo. Ngoko, iseli kunye ne-chromosomes emithathu iya kuba nemizimba emibini, eneemine-zintathu, njl. Ukuxilongwa kophuhliso lwesalathiso olungavumelekanga kungasetyenziselwa amadoda namabhinqa. Ukususela ngo-1953, oku kufunyenwe kusebenziselwe ukujonga inani elichanekileyo lama-chromosomes kubantu abanenkinga yokuphuhliswa.

I-chromatin yesini, okanye umzimba kaBrara, ubonakala ngathi ubukhulu bomnyama obunzima, obunxantathu okanye obunjengobuncwane, obukufutshane nombindi ongaphakathi. Le ye-chromosome ye-X engasebenziyo, ebungakanani bayo ayidluli 1 micron. Ukufunyanwa kwamalungu eBarr kwi-10-12% yeeseli ezihlolwayo kubonisa i-chromatin efanelekileyo yesondo. Izinto ezifundwayo ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa nge-epithelium ye-membrane yomhlathi kwisihlathi (ubunzulu bomhlaba), ubulili, izinwele zeentloko kunye ne- amniotic fluid. Ukuba isibonakaliso asizange sidlule kuma-5%, oku kubonisa i-chromatin yesini engalunganga.

I-chromatin yesondo ibangela ukungafani kwi-nuclei ye-interphase kumadoda nabasetyhini. Inxulumene neempawu zokusebenza kwezixhobo zokuzala kunye nesakhiwo sabo. I-Taurus Barra ineentlobo ezimbini: Y kunye no-X. Uhlobo oluqala luyinxalenye yesakhiwo se-Y-chromosome kwaye lufunyanwe ikakhulu kubantu. Kule njongo, sebenzisa i-fluorochrome ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. I-X-chromatin (umzimba kaBarra) i-X ye-chromosome engasebenzi. Ukuzicima kwayo kwenzeka kwiiveki zokuqala zophuhliso lwe-intrauterine kwaye ihlala ixesha elide ngexesha lokwahlukana kwe-mitotic.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-chromatin yesondo iyisakhiwo esinamandla. Iyakwazi ukuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko ejwayelekile yomzimba kunye ne-metabolism yeeseli. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba uviwo alukhuthazwa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-hormonal, kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuzalwa, emva kokuthatha i-antibiotics namanye amayeza.

Namhlanje, ngokobukho be-chromatin yesondo, oogqirha banquma ukuziphatha ngokwesini somntwana ongakazalwa, ukuxilonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi ze-dysgenis of gonads kunye ne-hermaphroditism. Uhlalutyo lokufunyanwa kwale candelo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiyeza zonyango.