Ziziphi iinkqubo ze-mastoid zamathambo exeshana. Kwiimeko ziphi i-trepanation inkqubo ye-mastoid

I-Mastoiditis iyisifo abantu abaninzi abajamelana nayo. Kodwa akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo malunga neenkqubo ze-mastoid, kwaye ziphi. Iyintoni isakhiwo sale nxalenye yethambo lexeshana? Kuyingozi kangakanani ukuvuvukala kwezi zakhiwo, kwaye yintoni na isifo esinokubangela? Abantu abaninzi banomdla kule mibuzo.

Ziziphi iinkqubo ze-mastoid?

Inkqubo yokukhishwa kweyona nto inxalenye yezantsi yethambo lexesha. Ukuba sithetha ngendawo yaso, itholakala ngaphantsi nangemva kwesigxina esikhulu sekhanga.

Inkqubo ngokwayo inomfanekiso weconsi, isiseko sayo sinqunywe ngummandla ojikeleze i-cranial fossa. Ingqungquthela ye-appendage ijoliswe ngaphantsi - kuyo imisipha idibeneyo, ingakumbi i-sternocleidomastoid muscle. Isiseko seqonkqo sinqumla kwigobolondo elukhuni yengqondo (yingakho ukuvuvukala kwesi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu, kuba ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic zingena ngqo kumathambo omzimba).

Kwizicubu ezincinci ezibandakanya le nxalenye yethambo lexeshana, kukho i-lymph nodes kunye neempahla, emva kwe-vein kunye ne-artery. Kukho namasebe amancinci amancinci kunye namakhulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkqubo ze-mastoid zingaba neendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwabanye abantu bade banomlenze omncinci, abanye-bafutshane, kodwa banesiseko esikhulu. Le nxalenye ye-anatomiki incike kakhulu kwifa lemfuza.

Isakhiwo somsebenzi we-mastoid

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, le nxalenye yethoba lexeshana lifana nekona ngokuma. Kwizinto ezikhoyo zanamhlanje, kungokwesiko ukukhangela inqanawa okuthiwa yi-Shipo triangle, ekhoyo kwi-anterosurface ye-appendage. Emva komnxantathu ubophelelwe ngumtsalane we-mastoid, kwaye phambi kwawo umda udlula emva komngcipheko wokuphicotha wangaphandle.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sobumba sifana nesiponji esinezinyosi, kuba zininzi iiseli ezingenanto, ezingenanto ngaphandle kwezixhobo zomoya ezixhamlayo. Inani kunye nobukhulu beetyeli ezinokuthi zihluke kwaye zixhomekeka kwiimpawu zokukhula nokuphuhliswa kwendalo (umzekelo, ukuvakala kwendlebe ebuntwaneni kubashiya uphawu lwalo kwisakhiwo senkqubo ye-mastoid).

Endaweni yomnxantathu weShipo yiseli enkulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-antrum okanye umhume. Esi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngenxa yokusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo kunye nesithintelo se-tympanic kwaye sikhona kuwo wonke umntu (ngokungafani neeseli ezincinci, inani elingafaniyo).

Iintlobo zeenkqubo ze-mastoid

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, inkqubo ye-mastoid yeathambo lexeshana ingaba nesakhiwo esingaphandle. Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi bentsana, i-antrum yenziwe. Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu kukho ukunyanzeliswa okusebenzayo kwezicubu zangaphakathi ze-appendage, ehamba kunye nokubonakala kweeseli ezingekho. Ngendlela, le nkqubo iqhubeka kulo lonke ubomi bomntu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani kunye nobukhulu beentambo, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa iintlobo ezininzi zesakhiwo:

• Iinkqubo ze-mastoid eziphazamisayo zibonakaliswa ngokubunjwa kweeseli ezinkulu ezizalisa yonke indawo yangaphakathi yale thambo.
• Ngohlobo oluthileyo ngaphakathi kwiplitshi akukho phinda kusekho iiseli.
• Kwinkqubo ye-mastoid ye-diploid kukho iiseli ezincinane eziqulethe inani elincinci lomongo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amaninzi amaxesha oogqirha abona imichilo ehlanganisiweyo yamathambo apha kule nxalenye yethambo lexeshana. Kwakhona, yonke into incike kwiimpawu zofuzo zomzimba, izinga lokuphuhliswa, kunye nobukho bokulimala kunye nezifo ezivuthayo ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni.

Ukuvuvukala kwenkqubo ye-mastoid kunye nezizathu zayo

Isifo apho kuvutha izicubu zeenkqubo ze-mastoid kubonwa kuthiwa yi-mastoiditis. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa sisifo, kwaye izifo-mzimba zingangena kule ndawo ye-gaha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo sibheka kwimvelaphi ye-otitis. Usulelo lufaka inkqubo ye-mastoid yethambo lexeshana elivela kwisitampu se-tympanic okanye itywala yokuhlola. Kwezinye iziganeko, ukuvuvukala kuvela xa i-gaha yenzakaliswe ngqo kwindawo yetempile okanye indlebe. Umthombo wentsholongwane unokutshaywa i- lymph nodes ezikule ndawo. Ngaphantsi kangangoko isizathu sesifo sisifo se-systemic ntsholongwane.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokuvuvukala

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-mastoiditis zixhomekeka kakhulu kwi-static and stage of the disease. Ngokomzekelo, kwiinqanaba zokuqala kunzima kakhulu ukuhlula ukuvuvukala kwenkqubo ye-mastoid kwi-otitis media.

Izigulana zikhalaza ngobuhlungu obubukhali, endlebeni. Kukho umkhuhlane, ubuthathaka kunye namaqatha emzimbeni, iintloko. Kubonakala ukukhutshwa kwinqanaba lokucoca.

Ukungabikho kwonyango okanye unyango olungonelanelekanga (umzekelo, ukuyeka ukukhawuleza kwee-antibiotics), umfanekiso weklinikhi uyaguquka. Inkqubo ye-ostium ye-ear intloko igcwala i-pus, kwaye phantsi kwengcinezelo i-septa yebony phakathi kweeseli ibhujiswa. Izikhumba zesikhumba kunye nezincinci emva kwendoda evulekileyo kunye ne-blunt, yinto enzima, ishushu kwi-touch. Intlungu yendlebe iyaqina, kwaye izihlwele ezinamaqabunga zivela kwi-canal ear.

Ukuvuvukala kwiinkalo zenkqubo ye-mastoid kunokusasazeka phantsi kwe-periosteum - i-pus iqokelela kakade kumgca weethambo ezincinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-abscess iphuphuka ngokwayo, ngenxa yoko i-fistula yenziwe kwesikhumba.

Kuyingozi kangakanani le sifo? Iimeko ezinzima kakhulu

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, inkqubo ye-mastoid emva kwendlebe ikhona kunye nemida kunye neenjongo ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukungabikho kwonyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunemiphumo eyingozi. Ukuba ugxininiso luya kwi-middle and inner ear cavity, i-labyrinth iphuhliswa. Ukuvuthwa kweendlebe zangaphakathi kuhamba kunye nengxolo ezindlebeni, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa komzimba wokulinganisela, okukhokelela ekuphazamiseni ukulungelelaniswa kweminyango.

Iinkqubo ze-ostoidal umda kumacobolondo anzima wengqondo. Usulelo luyakwazi ukusasazeka kumathambo omzimba, olukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-meningitis, i-encephalitis, kunye namaxesha amancinci.

Unobungozi ukungena kweentsholongwane emithanjeni yegazi ejongene nokujikeleza kwegazi kwengqondo - oku kuphelelanga nje ngokuvuvukala kweendonga ze-vascular, kodwa kunye nokubunjwa kwe-thrombi, imirhoxo eminyango kunye nokufa.

Kwiingxaki ze-mastoiditis zingabonwa kunye nesilonda se-nerve facial. Emva kwakho konke, inkqubo ye-mastoid emva kweendlebe isondele kakhulu kumabhodlo emisipha.

I-mastoiditis iphathwa njani?

Njengoko ubona, i-mastoiditis isifo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngoko ke unyango olwaneleyo luyimfuneko. Naziphi na ukulibaziseka kunye nokuzama ukuzonyango kungakhokelela kwiinkalo ezinobungozi.

Njengomthetho, unyango luqhutyelwa esibhedlele, apho ugqirha unalo ithuba lokujonga rhoqo imeko yesigulane. Izigulane zichazwe ngamayeza omzimba, anceda ukulwa nokutheleleka kubaktheriya. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukudala iimeko zokukhululeka kwamahhala e-puralent mass from the canal.

Xa ufuna i-trepanation inkqubo ye-mastoid?

Ngelishwa, unyango olulondolozayo lusetyenziswa kuphela kwizigaba zokuqala ze-mastoiditis. Ukuba i-pus yaqala ukuqokelela kwiindawo eziphantsi kwethambo lexeshana, uncedo olungxamisekileyo luyafuneka. I-Trepanation yenqubo ye-mastoid iqala ngokuvula udonga lwethambo lwe-appendage. Emva koko, ugqirha, usebenzisa izixhobo, uhlambulule izicubu ezivela kwi-pus, zibaphatha ngamanyathelo okulwa ne-antiseptics kunye ne-antibacterial solutions. Inkqubo ekhethiweyo yokuhambisa amanzi, ifakelwe ukukhutshwa okulula kunye nokukhawuleza kweemfihlo, kunye nokulawulwa kwendawo ye-antibiotics.