I-carbodidium i ... Izifo zeMyocardial

Izifo zesifo senhliziyo ziyafumaneka ngokugqithiseleyo kwizigulane zamaqela ahlukeneyo. Izizathu zaloo buxoki kwiimeko ezingenelisekanga zendalo yangaphandle, kwindlela yokuziphatha engafanelekanga yokuphila, kwiindawo zokufa. Esinye seziganeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ukufa kufakwe i-myocardial infarction. Kwakhona, abantu bahlushwa yi-myocarditis, i-myocardial hypertrophy yentliziyo, ehambelana nelilungu elingasebenziyo okanye ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zentsholongwane kuyo.

I-myocardium

I-Myocardium iyona nto inamandla kakhulu kwaye isebenza ngamandla kwindonga yentliziyo. Yenziwe yimizimba yesisu ehlanjululwayo. Iqumrhu liqukethe i-cardiomyocytes edibeneyo ngokufaka ii-discs. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwabo kwiinkomfa okanye kwiimfayili ze-muscle, kusetyenziswe inethiwekhi encinci-intanethi, eqinisekisa ukubethelwa kwesigxina se-ventricles kunye ne-atria. I-carbodidium ye-ventricle engasekhohlo inobungakanani obukhulu, i-atrium yincinci. I-myocardium ye-atria iqulethwe ngezobunzulu kunye neengqamlezo ezingenangqondo. I-Myocardium yamagqabi - ukusuka ngaphakathi, phakathi kunye nangaphandle.

Iimfucu ze-muscle ze-ventricle kunye ne-atria ziqala kwiimvumba eziqhekezayo ezahlula i-atrium kwi-ventricles. Zifumaneka ngapha nangasese e-aserioventricular orifices, ekwakheni isifuba senhliziyo (intonga yepulmonary, ijikeleze i-aortic, i-trilles fibrous).

Izifo ze-myocardium

Izifo ze-myocardium okanye i-myocarditis zenzeke ngenxa yomonakalo kwi- heart muscle ngokusuleleka, izifo zeprotozoal okanye i-parasitic invasions, iziphumo zomzimba okanye zamachiza, ngenxa yezifo ezizimelayo kunye nezifo. Izinto eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ziyakhathazeka kunye nezifo. I-Myocardium iyilungu apho iinkqubo ezivuthayo zingakhula njengengxaki ye-influenza, i-angina, i-diphtheria, i-red fever, i-otitis.

Iifomsi, iintsholongwane, ii-microbes ziwonakalisa i-cardiomyocytes kwaye zenze izimpembelelo zokuzivikela zomzimba, ezihamba kunye nokubonakala kwe-necrosis, ukwanda kwe-hypoxia, i-edema yamathambo, kwandiswe ukuqina kwe-vascular. Ukungayithobeli inkqubo kungakhokelela ekutshintshelweni kwayo kwimeko engapheliyo. I-Myocarditis liqela lezifo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo, i-pathogenesis kunye ne-etiology. Zahlukaniswe zibe ngumzimba kwaye zisuleleke. Omnye uhlula i-idiopathic myocarditis, apho i-myocardium ithinteke kakhulu. Esi sifo siyabonwa njengendlela ehluke kakhulu yokusuleleka-i-myocarditis.

Izizathu ze-myocarditis

Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kungabangela ibhaktheriya, izifo ezibangelwa yi-viral infections (sepsis, pneumonia, fever red, i-diphtheria nokugula komoya, i-rubella kunye nemasisi, i-influenza). Iziganeko ze-myocarditis ngexesha leengculazi zenyango zikhula ngokuphawulekayo. Isizathu sokukhubazeka asiyi kuba sisifo esinye, kodwa ngaphezulu kwazo, ngelixa enye inokuthi ibe yinto ebangelwa ngumonakalo womzimba, kwaye yesibini-imeko.

Ukuphulwa kwe-immune system kunye nokutyhefuza kunokubangela ukuba kuphuculwe i-myocarditis. Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kuququzelelwa ngumxinzelelo wezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nokuxhaswa.

Iimpawu zeMyocarditis

Xa kukho isifo esinosuleleka-toxic and viral myocarditis, iimpawu zibonakaliswa ngenxa yobunxila obukhulu. I-Symptomatic-infectious-myocarditis eyenzekayo ngenxa yexinzelelo yesifo esingapheliyo. Xa utyhefu (i-drug and serum myocarditis) ibonakala ngosuku emva kokuthatha amayeza okanye ukuzisa i-serum. Kwezinye iimeko, ubukho bentsholongwane bungabonwa kuphela ngoncedo lwe-ECG, njengoko iimpawu zekliniki ezingabonakaliyo.

Ukuphambuka kwe-myocardium kuhambelana neempawu eziqhelekileyo, ubunzima kunye nobume balo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-myocarditis. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulana zikhalaza ngokuphefumula, ukuphelelwa amandla, ukukhathala, intlungu entliziyweni. Esi sifo sinokuhamba kunye ne-arrhythmia, tachycardia, ukunyuka kwentliziyo, ukuphuhliswa kwe-hydrothorax kunye ne-ascites, ukwanda kwesibindi, i-edema yembambano, i-edema ye-pulmia, ukuvuvukala kweemvini zentsholongwane. Ikhosi ye-myocarditis ingaba nzima, ixhatshaza, ingapheliyo, iphindaphindiweyo kwaye ihamba phambili.

Iintlobo ze-myocarditis

I-Myocarditis iyaziwa ngokwempawu zeclini, iziphumo kunye ne-etiology.

I-bacterium myocarditis ithintela i-septum ye-interventricular kunye namacenge e-valve. Zibangelwa yi-diphtheria, iintonga ze-enterococcus kunye ne-Staphylococcus aureus. Nangona isifo singenqabile, kunzima kakhulu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekufeni kwesigulane ngenxa yokunyuka kwentliziyo yokubambisana, ukutshabalalisa kunye nokukhulisa. Ukuphucula imeko yesigulane kunye ne-antibiotics kunye ne-antitoxin.

Izilwanyana ezilula - i-trypanosomes - zibangele ukuphuhliswa kwe-myocarditis eninzi malunga nesifo se-Chagas. I-pathology ibonakaliswe yinkqubo engapheliyo kunye ne-arrhythmia kunye nokuhluleka kwentliziyo. I-Toksoplazmy ikhupha ukuvela kwe-myocarditis kwizigulane ezine-immunity. Ngeli cell cell myocarditis, kufumaneka iiseli ezinkulu ezichaphazela i-myocardium. Oku kubangela ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, okukhawuleza iqhubela phambili kwaye iphelile ngokufa. Ukongezelela, i-radiation myocarditis kunye nesifo sikaLim sisodwa.

I-Hypertrophy ye-myocardium yamagqabi

I-Hypertrophy ibangela ukunyuka kobunzima besisu. Le meko iyingozi yaye ingaba yingozi. Le mpendulo yomzimba kwi-high blood pressure. Izindlela zonyango zonyango zinokuthintela iingxaki kunye nokuphucula impilo yesigulane.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypertrophy ye-myocardial ye-ventricle engasekhohlo yenziwa ngexesha loviwo lwezonyango. Umntu unokuhlala nesi sifo iminyaka ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuba kukho. Iimpawu zentsholongwane zifana ne-angina pectoris. Umntu uvakalelwa intlungu entliziyweni, ukungasebenzi kweentliziyo, isantya sokuphefumula ngexesha lezenzo zomzimba, kunokudityaniswa. I-Hypertrophy ye-myocardium yangasese engasekhohlo ingabangela iingxaki ezinzulu, kude kube sekufeni. Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyanga okwaneleyo kunokubuyisela umntu ngendlela eqhelekileyo yobomi.

Iimbangela ze-myocardial hypertrophy

I-hypertrophy ithetha ukuba i-myocardium ye-ventricular iya kwandiswa, okubangela ukucinezeleka okungadingekile entliziyweni. Ngenxa yoko, umkhiqizo wentliziyo ukhawuleza. Ukwanda kwe-myocardium kwimiqulu kunye nokulahlekelwa kweempahla zayo ezinqamlezayo kubangelwa ukungaphumeleli kwee-ventricle ukuxosha igazi kwi-aorta kwisigqi sokukhula. Phakathi kwezinto ezibangele ukuphuhliswa kwe-hypertrophy: izifo zesifo senhliziyo, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile, ubunzima obunzima, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kumzimba. Utshintsho kwi-myocardium ye-ventricular inokumisela.

Esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abaneminyaka ehlukeneyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana nabantwana abasanda kuzalwa basengozini. I-Pathology ingabangela umsebenzi wokwanda kwentliziyo xa uzalisekisa ukusilela kwimizimba kwizitho. Ekubangelwa uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwi-pulmonary artery hypertrophy ihamba kunye nokuphelelwa amandla, ukuphefumula okufutshane, utywala.

I-Myocardial infarction: izizathu

Isifo sesifo se-myocardial kuze kube yimini sithathwa njengesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokufa ngenxa yezifo zentliziyo. Kukho uluhlu lwezizathu ezingabandakanyeka xa kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, eyona nto iphambili yinto yokutsalwa kwe- artery coronary. Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kuququzelelwe ngu: ukuphulwa kwe-fatabetism, ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, imichimo emibi, i-vasospasm, umsebenzi wezinto eziphathekayo, utshintsho kwi-coagulability yegazi, i-hypertension, atherosclerosis, i-genetic predisposition.

Iimpawu ze-myocardial infarction

Imiqondiso ye-myocardium inzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda, kuba inokufana okuninzi ne-angina. Kodwa ke intlungu kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ayinakudluli kwimeko yokuphumla kwaye emva kokuthatha i-vasodilators. Kanye kunye nentlungu ebuhlungu, kukho uvakalelo olungenangqiqo, ukhathazeka. Isigulane siphazamiseka yimpawu ezinjengezondlo, ubuthakathaka obunzima, ukuhlanza kunye nesiphithiphithi, ukwandisa ukujuluka. Ngokubhekiselele kwizitenxo kwimisebenzi yentliziyo , ubunzima bokuphefumla buyabonwa, isingqimba sezinto eziphambene nomzimba ziphazamiseka, kwaye ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kwintliziyo kungenzeka. Ukuba isigulane asikho ngexesha elibonelelwe ngoncedo lwe- myocardial infarction, lingagqiba.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukuhlasela kwentliziyo kuqhubeka ngaphandle kwentlungu entliziyweni, ikakhulu kwizigulane ezineesifo seswekile. Intlungu ebuthathaka kwabasetyhini ihamba kunye nokuphefumula, ukuhlanza, isicathulo, intlungu esiswini.

Uncedo lokuqala

Uncedo nge-infyoction ye-myocardial kufuneka ibe ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphumelele kakhulu, kuba kuxhomekeke kubomi bomntu. Okokuqala, isiguli kufuneka simncede kancinci: ukuzola, samkela isikhundla apho ubunzima bomzimba buncinci, thabatha i-agentic agent (izidakamizwa "uBargin", "Analgin"), i-tablet ye nitroglycerin, ithebhulethi ye-aspirin (ukuba ayikho indlela yokuphikisa, i-gastritis Nezifo zesilonda sezilonda).

Vala ufanele ngokukhawuleza ubize iqela lezinto ezinokwenyama, ulinganise uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuba kunokwenzeka, unike i-agent ekhuthaza (amaconsi e-motherwort, hawthorn, valerian). Isigulane nge-infyoction ye-myocardial kufuneka sibe kwindawo ehleliyo okanye ehleliyo. Xa uphakanyiswa ukusuka ebhedini, unokuba noxinzelelo olunzulu. Esi sisiphumo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye neziyobisi iNitroglycerin.

Ukuthintela i-myocardial infarction

Ukuze ugweme ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, kufuneka uqaphele impilo yakho kwaye ngexesha lokuxazulula ezinye iingxaki nazo. Ukuthintela kwesi sifo kunokuba yiprayimari (ukukhuselwa kokuvela) kunye nesibini (ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda kulabo sele bahluphekile). Amanyathelo okukhusela ayabalulekanga kuphela kwizigulane ezinengxaki zentliziyo, kodwa kunye nabantu abaphilileyo. Zijoliswe ekupheliseni izinto ezinokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweentlekele zentliziyo.

Into yokuqala umntu kufuneka ayenze ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba, kuba ukukhululeka kunomhlaba wokuqala kwesifo sikashukela, ingozi yomshukela ophezulu. Isigulane sinconywa ukuba sikhombise indlela esebenzayo yobomi kunye nokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuhamba emoyeni omtsha kunye nokushiya imikhwa emibi. Kubalulekile ukulawula izinga le-cholesterol kunye noshukela egazini. Kufuneka uhlaziye imenyu yakho. Izitya ezinamafutha, iipesele zitshintshwe ngokugqithiseleyo kunye ne-porridge, i-salads elula, imifuno neziqhamo.