I-Biathlon: imbali yemvelaphi nophuhliso

Enye yemidlalo ebusika kakhulu ebusika yi-biathlon. Imbali yokubonakala kwayo nokuphuhliswa yayingelula. Kodwa ngoku le midlalo inamalungu amaninzi.

Imbali yokubonakala

Enye yemidlalo ethandekayo kunye neyokuzonwabisa ebusika ithathwa njengeyi-biathlon, imbali yayo ihlala kwindawo eqhelekileyo yabantu basekuhlaleni baseNyakatho. Basebenzisa iikhredithi ngokuzingela ebusika. Oku, unokuthi, yayingu-biathlon yokuqala.

Imbali yokuvela kwe-biathlon yeklasi njengemidlalo ineeminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu. Uthatha umvelaphi wakhe eNorway, apho abalindi bamaphepha basekuhlaleni ngo-1767 emngceleni waseSweden baququzelele ukhuphiswano ekujongeni ukujoliswa kweentengo ngelixa behla kwi-skis evela entabeni.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uphuhliso lwezemidlalo ye-biathlon nolwabiwo lwafunyanwa kuphela kwikhulu le-20 leminyaka. Kodwa kwenzeka ngeengxaki ezithile.

Ngowokuqala kwiminyaka engama-20 ekhulwini lokugqibela, kwimincintiswano enkulu, imidlalo efana ne-biathlon yabanjwa. Imbali yeMidlalo yeMidlalo yeOlimpiki, eyayiqhutywe yiFransi, ithetha ngemincintiswano ebizwa ngokuba yi-"patrol race". Kodwa kungekudala le midlalo yahluleka. Kwiimidlalo zeOlimpiki ngowe-1948, le nkqubo yahlulwa i- biathlon, imigaqo yokhuphiswano apho kwakungakabikho.

Kodwa kwimashumi amahlanu wayevunywa njengemidlalo emele kwi-pentathlon. Ukususela ngo-1992, i-biathlon ihlukaniswe ne-pentathlon. Ngo-1993, kwakhiwa i-International Biathlon Union, ngoku iquka amazwe angaphezu kwama-60.

Imithetho yomdlalo kunye nezixhobo

Kwi-biathlon yeklastiki, kukho imigaqo elandelayo yezixhobo:

• Ububanzi bekhredithi kufuneka ubuncinane ubuncinane beesentimitha.
• Ubungakanani obude bebhakabhaka abukhawulelwanga.
• Zonke iintlobo zokuphuculwa kwezixhobo zivunyelwe.
• Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa izibonda ze-ski kunye nethuba lokutshintsha ubude kunye nomoya we-push.
• Xa ushukunyiswa, isibhamu sisekupheleni komdlali.
• Ungasebenzisi izixhobo ezizenzekelayo.
• I-caliber of the gun is 5.6 mm.
• Izibhamu zisebenzisa iindidi eziqhelekileyo zokubona.

Ngokuya kwimithetho ekhoyo, ukudubula kwenziwa kwimizuzu engama-50. Iithagethi zinikwe ngendlela yecala elimhlophe kunye neembalo ezihlanu zombala omnyama kunye nobubanzi beesentimitha ezilishumi elinanye nesigamu.

Ngempulelo ephumelelayo, isangqa sivaliwe yi-valve, eyenza sikwazi ukuphonononga ngokukhawuleza isiphumo.

Imithetho ichaza ezimbini iintlobo zokudubula okujoliswe kuyo:

• Emile.
• Ukulala.

Xa ukudubula ukuma, kuthathwa njengobunzima ukubetha isangqa esimnyama, kwaye kwindlela yesibini yokudubula - kwisangqa sangaphakathi, esinomyinge weesentimitha ezine nesigamu.

Endleleni yokunyuka kweentlethi ineendawo ezininzi zokudubula, ngasinye sinikezelwa ngeenxa zonke ezintlanu.

Iintlobo zokugijima kwi-biathlon yesilasi

I-Classic biathlon namhlanje iquka iintlobo ezintandathu zeentlanga:

• Umdlalo wokubuyela kumdlalo ngumdlalo weqela oqulethwe ngamacandelo amathathu okanye amane. Umdlali oqhuba isigxina sakhe somzila, udlula ibheton kumdlali olandelayo. Ubungakanani beendlela ziikubhite ezisixhenxe neekhilomitha amadoda kunye nesithandathu kubafazi. Kwinqanaba ngalinye kukho izikhundla ezimbini zokudubula. Ukudubula kokuqala kuqhutyelwa kwisikhundla esifanelekileyo, okwesibini kumile.
• Uxilongo oluxubileyo. Iquka abagijimi kunye nabesilisa nabasetyhini. Abasetyhini bagijima kwikota yokuqala kunye nesibini yeekhilomitha ezintandathu, amadoda okwesithathu nowesine-ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezisixhenxe. Ulayini luqala ngokuqala kwexesha labadlali. Umntu othabatha inxaxheba, ekugqibeleni isigaba sakhe somncintiswano, uyayithumela ilungu elilandelayo leqela. Ekuqaleni, umzila uhamba phakathi kwabasetyhini, ngoko ke amadoda. Ukudubula kokuqala kwenziwa kwindawo yokulala, okwesibini.
• I-Sprint - uhlanga oluneengongoma ezimbini zokudubula, olusebenzisa ixesha lokuqalisa amadoda amamayela elishumi, kubafazi - kwiikhilomitha ezisixhenxe neekhilomitha. Umncintiswano uqala ngokuqala ngexesha eliphakathi kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu ukuya ngomzuzu omnye. Umda wobuhlanga unemiqolo emithathu yobude obufanayo. Ukuqalisa umjikelezo wokuqala, abadlali baqhuba ukudubula, ngelixa behlala kwindawo ehleliyo, baqhubela isangqa sesibini - kwindawo yokuma. Abadlali bafumana ithuba lokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo uluhlu lokudubula. Xa ukuphosokwa kunikezelwa isangqa sesigwebo esilingana nekhulu elinamanci mahlanu.
• Umncintiswano wobuhlanga yintambo yeklasi apho amadoda aqhuba umgama wamashumi amabini kunye nabasetyhini bagijime iikhilomitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu usebenzisa amaziko amane kunye neethagethi. Abadlali bebhola baqala ngezikhawu ezimashumi amathathu ukuya kwimizuzu enye. Xa uphoswa kwixesha elipheleleyo lomncintiswano, i-biathlete yongeza enye yemzuzu.

• I-Persyut - uhlanga olunemizila emine, apho amadoda agijimela iikhilomitha ezilishumi elinesiqingatha kunye nesiqingatha, kunye nabasetyhini - kwishumi. Ukuqhuba umzabalazo wokutshutshisa emva kohlobo lwe-sprint.
• Uhlanga ukusuka ekuqalekeni-amadoda agijime ibanga elineshumi elinesihlanu, abafazi-ishumi elinesibini elinesiqingatha. Umncintiswano uqala ngexesha elifanayo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bokhuphiswano. Ukudubula kwiindawo zokudubula zenziwa ngokulandelelana kokufika kwabadlali kwibala lokudubula. Xa ulahlekile, isangqa sesigwebo seemitha ezilikhulu namashumi amahlanu sabelo.

I-Biathlon Species

I-Biathlon namhlanje inemibala emininzi, apho, ngaphezu kwezinto zokubala, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokunyakaza kusetyenziswa. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwimidlalo yezemidlalo yile midlalo ilandelayo:

• Ihlobo - oku yi-biathlon, imithetho yokhuphiswano efana neyokudala, kodwa endaweni ye-skis isebenzisa i-ski rollers okanye iibhayisikili.
• Archeri - biathlon (imbali eyaqala njengemidlalo ngowe-1975 eFransi) - uhlanga lwe-ski kunye ne-archery.
• Ngeenkwenkwezi. Olu hlobo lwe-biathlon lisetyenziselwa ukukhanda.
• Ukuzingela. Xa isetyenziselwa ukuzingela izibhamu kunye nekhisiti.

Ulwahlulo lwe-biathletes ngobudala

Bonke abadlali ababandakanyekayo kwimincintiswano ye-biathlon bahlulwe ngo:

• Amadoda nabasetyhini bayi-biathletes abaneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini nangaphezulu.
• Abafundi abakwaJuniors kunye nabafundi abaphakathi kweminyaka emashumi mabini anesithoba anesibini.
• Amakhwenkwe namantombazana abagijimi abangazange baphendule iminyaka elishumi elinesithoba.

Ukwahlula

Imincintiswano yeBiathlon ibanjwe ngokubambisana namanye amacandelo, kwaye ngokwahlukileyo. Ukhuphiswano oluzimeleyo lwe-biathlon lukwahlula kwiikombe kunye nemincintiswano engeyiyo indebe. Ukongezelela, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentengiso ye-biathlon.

Ngoko, iintlobo zemincintiswano kwi-biathlon:

• YeNdebe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yiNdebe yeHlabathi kunye ne-Open Cup yaseYurophu. Kwakhona kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamaKhops aseMntla naseMzantsi Melika, e-Asiya. Ukongeza kumazwe ngamazwe, kukho iikomityi zesizwe.
• Imincintiswano engekho yeNdebe. Umdlalo ogqwesileyo ongeyena indebe yi-World Biathlon Championship. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba yiYurophu yaseYurophu evulekileyo, kunye neMidlalo ye-Asia, North and South America. Kwinqanaba likazwelonke, amazwe amaninzi aphethe amanqwanqwa ahlukeneyo.
• I-biathlon yezorhwebo. Olu khuphiswano lunomgomo othile - ukutsala inani elikhulu lababukeli. Kule nkalo, inani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi ze-biathlon ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo zimenywa kumncintiswano, kwaye imigaqo yeentlanga zitshintshile ibe yifomathi ngokwayo.

Impumelelo yokuqala

Iingqungquthela ze-biathlon zaqala ngokusemthethweni umkhonto wokunqoba kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 ekhulwini lokugqibela. Umqhubi wokuqala weMidlalo yeOlimpiki kulo myalelo nguye ummeli waseSweden K. Lestander, kunye neqhawe lokuqala kwiSweden A. Wiklund. Umnini wokuqala weNdebe Yehlabathi yiJamani F. Ulrich ngo-1978.

Ngowe-1984, kwi-World Biathlon Championship phakathi kwabasetyhini, umdlali weSoviet V. uChernyshova waba ngumdlali wokuqala wehlabathi.

Ukudumisa

I-biathlon yamanje, eyayiqala imbali kwiMntla Yurophu, isasazeka kwihlabathi lonke. Amazwe angaphezu kwama-amane athatha inxaxheba kwimincintiswano kulo mdlalo, kodwa eyaziwayo kakhulu eMpuma naseYurophu Ephakathi, eRussia Federation. Inzala ebalulekileyo kwi-biathlon iboniswa ngamanye amazwe aseMntla Melika naseTshayina.