I-Ataxia yintoni? Iimpawu kunye neentlobo ze-ataxia

I-Ataxia ayiyona ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwesifo sokukhubazeka, okuyizinto ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo. NgesiGrike, igama elithi ataxia lithetha "ukungahambi" kunye "nokungahambi".

Ngenxa yokuxilongwa, ukunyakaza kuyahluka, kunzima, ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo kubandezeleka, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kwintetho. Cinga ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze-ataxia ezahlukileyo, kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zabo.

I-Ataxia kaFriedreich

I-ataxia yefa ye-Friedreich isifo sesifo segazi esinesimo esinjengesifo esiqhubekayo. Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesi sifo kubonakala kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi.

Okokuqala, kukho ukuphulwa kobhaliweyo kunye neendleko. Kubantwana, nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukufumanisa ukuphulwa kobhaliweyo ngenxa yokuba engakabikho ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuphathelele umvuzo, isigulane sidinga ukuxhaswa, ihlala iguquka. Zonke iintshukumo zomlenze zininzi kakhulu kunokuba ziqhubeke.

Emva kwexesha, ukungakwazi ukuma (astasy) kunye nokuhamba (abasia) kuphuhlisa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukugqibela kubonakaliso lweenkqubela phambili zesifo kunye nezigaba zayo zokugqibela.

Kukho utshintsho kwintlambo, eyona nto iyinyaniso kubantwana abaselula abangazange bazalise inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwayo. Iminyaka embalwa kamva, isiguli ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwi-pancreas sikhula isifo sikashukela. Kancinci kamva, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamathambo kwiingcingo zesini, u-hypogonadism kwenzeka. Kwimigangatho yokugqibela ye-ataxia, kukho ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo ngenxa yeenguqu zetsholongwane kwi-optic ne- oculomotor nererves. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-neurons yengqondo, ukugula komzimba kukhula.

Izifo ze-Cerebrovascular

I-Cerebellar ataxia yintlupheko yokubambisana kwemoto eyenziwa xa i-primary, inoxanduva layo, isilungu - i- cerebellum yengqondo-yonakaliswe. Kwezinye iimeko, utshintsho oluncinane lukhula, ngelixa kwabanye - lukhulu nakakhulu.

Uphuhliso lwe-ataxia enjalo luyenzeka ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwimiba eyahlukeneyo ye-cerebellum yinkqubo yesifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cerebellar ataxia ifumaneka nge-encephalitis, isifo se-vascular cerebellar, i-multiple sclerosis, i-tumorous tumors, i-inxication, kunye nezifo zomntu ngokwazo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-cerebellar ataxia-static ne-dynamic.

Uhlamvu lwesimo se-acereta

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-cerebellum kubonakaliswa kwi-ataxia static ngenxa yokunciphisa ithoni yeengcambu. Isigulane kule nkqubo kunzima ukuhlala ixesha elide kwisithuba esinye, kwaye unokuphulwa okungabalulekanga kokusebenza kombane. Umntu uhamba ngokubanzi kunye namanyathelo ajikelezayo, njengokungathi unesidumbu. Kwimeko yesifo esibi esi sifo, isiguli asikwazi ukuhlala kunye nokuma yodwa, njengoko engenayo amandla okukhusela intloko, uyahlala ewa. I-ataxia eqingqiweyo kwisimo esibi ilahla isigulane sokukwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukulungiswa kwemoto akuchaphazelekayo nokuba isigulane sivulekile okanye sinamehlo avaliweyo.

Uhlobo olushukumisayo lwe-aceretalar aceria

I-ataxia ye-Dynamic iqala xa i-heereflar cerebellar ibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokugula. Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, ukuphazamiseka kokubambisana kuboniswa kuphela ngexesha lokunyakaza. Ukuphela kunye nokuchaneka kwezinto ezihambayo zilahlekile, ziba zikhuni kwaye zibuhlungu. Ukungaboni kakuhle kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweminyango kuboniswa kwicala lesilonda. I-ataxia ye-Dynamic ibonakaliswe yi-hypermetry (ukugqithisa, ukuhamba okuhambelanayo), i-adiadochokinesis, ukulahleka, kunye nokukhathazeka ngokuzithandela kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentetho (izigulane zithetha ngokukhawuleza, zidibanisa amagama kwiilwimi).

Kwimeko yokuma nokuhamba, isigulane siyaphambukela kwicala elihambelanayo ne-hemisphere ye-cerebellum eyonakalisiweyo. Utshintsho lwesandla somguli: luba lingalingani, luguqule, ngeencwadi ezinkulu. Akunakunyulwa ukuhla kwetekonti.

I-ataxia enomdla

I-ataxia yintlupheko yentshukumo apho iinguqulelo zentshukumo zenzeke ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwintlungu emilenzeni, okubangelwa umonakalo kwiimbilini zomhlaba, i-loop medial, iikholomu ezisezantsi, okanye iingcambu zangasemva zomgca womgca. Isigulane asivavumi isikhundla semilenze, ngoko ke sihlangabezana nobunzima kokuhamba nokuma. Njengomthetho, umi kunye nemilenze edibeneyo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo unokugcina ukulinganisela kwakhe kuphela ngamehlo akhe evulekile, ukuba avaliwe, umntu uya kuqala ukuphazamisa kwaye, mhlawumbi, ukuwa (uphawu lwaseRomberg oluhle). Xa behamba, izigulane zixhaphaze imilenze yazo ziphakame kakhulu kunokuba ziyimfuneko, kwaye zibuye zitshintshe ngokukhawuleza. Amanyathelo abo anokuba nobude obude, kunye neenyawo, ukuchukumisa umgangatho, ukwenza izandi ezivela. Isigulane, xa sihamba, ngokuqhelekileyo sisebenzisa intonga yokuxhasa kwaye iguqule i-trunk kancane kwiindawo zokunyakaza. Ukuphazanyiswa kwemali kukunyusa iziphene ezibonakalayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane zilahlekelwa ukuzinza, zigugu kwaye ziwe xa zihlamba, njengokuthi, ukuvala amehlo abo, zilahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwamehlo kwithuba elithile.

Spinocerebellar ataxia

Eli gama lichaza iintlobo eziphazamisayo zezixhobo ezivela kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yokulimala kwe-aconchemical period okanye kwi-hypoxia. Ubunzima beenguqu kwi-gait buyahlukahluka kwaye buxhomekeke kubunzima kunye nemvelo yesilonda. Ngoko, izilonda ezincinci ezingabonakali zingabangela uphawu lweBabinsky, ukwanda kwetekon reflexes kwaye kungabi kunye neenguqulelo ezibonakalayo. Iimvumi ezithe xaxa kunye nezigqithisileyo zivame ukubandakanya i-hemiparesis emibini. Kukho utshintsho kwi-gait ne-postures, uphawu lwe-paraparesis.

Ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwintlupheko. Kwizigulane ezi zinto, kukho ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyeki kwizitho, ezihamba kunye ne-grimaces ebusweni okanye ukujikeleza kwentamo yentamo. Njengomthetho, imilenze iselulekile, kwaye iingalo zigobile, nangona le nxalenye ye-asymmetry yamalungu ingabonakala kuphela xa isigulane sibheke ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko, umzekelo, isandla esisodwa sinokubethwa kwaye solule, kwaye esinye siphenduliwe kwaye siphelile. Isikhundla esingagqibekanga sezitho zivame ukuvela xa ikhanda lijika kwiindlela ezihlukeneyo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-ataxia

Ukuseka ukuxilongwa, iindlela ezilandelayo zokuxilongwa:

• I-MRI yengqondo;
• I-electroencephalography yeBongo;
• I-DNA-diagnostics;
• Electromyography.

Ukongezelela naziphi na iindlela ezibonisiweyo, kubalulekile ukuthatha uvavanyo lwegazi, uhlolisiswe kunye neengcali ezifana neuropathologist, i-psychiatrist kunye ne-oculist.

Unyango lwe-ataxia

I-Ataxia yisifo esibalulekileyo esifuna isenzo esifanelekileyo. Unyango, owenziwa yi-neurologist, lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye luquka izikhokelo ezilandelayo.

1. Ulwaphulo olubanzi lokubuyisela (anticholinesterase iziyobisi, "iCerebrolysin", ATP, iivithamini zeqela B).
2. I-Physiotherapy ejolise ekukhuseleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki (i-muscular atrophy kunye nesivumelwano, umzekelo), ukuphucula ukuhamba nokulungelelanisa, ukugcina ukuqina komzimba.

I-LFK eyinkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuzivocavoca, okujoliswe kuyo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuqinisa imisipha. Ngendlela yokwenza utyando olunzulu (ukutyunjwa kwezidumbu ze-cerebellar, umzekelo), umntu unokulindela ukubuyiswa okufutshane okanye okugqibeleleyo, okanye ubuncinane ukuyeka ukuqhubela phambili.

NgoFriedreich ataxia, ngokuqwalasela i-pathogenesis yesifo, indima enkulu inokudlalwa ngamachiza okujoliswe ekugcineni imisebenzi yemitochondria (iRiboflavin, i-vitamin E, i-coenzyme Q10, i-succinic acid).

Ukuxhamlaliswa kwesi sifo

Ukugxekwa kwezifo ezizalwe yiyolo kungenakulungeleka. Emva kwexesha, ingakumbi ngokungahambi kakuhle, izifo ze-neuropsychiatric ziqhubela phambili kuphela. Kubantu abanokuxilongwa "kwe-ataxia", iimpawu zazo ziba zivakaliswe ngakumbi ngokweminyaka, njengomthetho, amandla okusebenza ayancitshiswa kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yonyango olumqondiso, kunye nokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa, ukulimala kunye nezifo ezithathelwanayo, izigulane zihlala eziphambili.

Thintelo

Akunakwenzeka ukufeza amanyathelo okukhusela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ataxia. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukukhusela ukuvela kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo (sinusitis, otitis, pneumonia, umzekelo) onokukhupha i-ataxia.

Kubalulekile ukuphepha umtshato wegazi. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba amathuba okudluliselwa kwe-ataxia yefa elivela kumzali kumntwana mkhulu, ngoko ke izigulane zivame ukukhuthazwa ukuba ziyeke ukuzalwa kwazo iintsana kwaye zithathe umntwana womnye.

I-Ataxia yintlupheko ebalulekileyo yengqondo, unyango olufuneka luqaliswe ngokukhawuleza. Yingakho ngaphambili kwangaphambili uku kugqitywa kwezifo, ukulungeleka kwesigulane kuya kuba sisigxina.