U-Agnosia u ... Visible agnosia

Kwinqaku lemihla, siza kuthetha ngolu hlobo olungathandekiyo njenge agnosia. Le meko ibonakaliswe ngento yokuba ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwayo ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yomonakalo kwi-cortex ye-cerebral, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga ziphulwa kubantu . Njengomthetho, i-agnosia yi-pathology ebonakalayo ngokuchasene nezifo ezingapheliyo (iingxaki zokusasazwa kwe-cerebral, ubuthi). Ukongezelela, inonakalisa iindawo ezisesekondari ze-cortex ye-cerebral, eziyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-analyzer level.

Izizathu

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, i-agnosia ithinta i-loari kunye ne-occipital yentloko yomntu. Oku kuya kwenzeka ngezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Iingxaki eziqaqambileyo zokujikeleza kwegazi kwingqondo (isifo).
• Xa kuvela izicubu.
• Ngenxa yengozi ye-craniocerebral engenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi (ingozi, ewa kwi-high-altitude, impembelelo).
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuphuma kwegazi kwingqondo, okuza kubangela ukuba kuphethwe ingqondo, okungababonakaliswa ngokulila, kwaye kubangele ubunzima abathile ekufundeni izakhono ezintsha, ukuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla kunye negalelo ekuqhubeni imemori yeememori.
• Ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo (encephalitis).
• Ngenxa yesifo sikaParkinson, esichazwe ngokubonakala kobunzima obuqhubekayo beemisipha, ukuthuthumela kunye neengxaki ze-neuropsychological disorder.

Ukongezelela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe engqondweni ukuba i-agnosia yinto ebonakalayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube ngqalelo kwiimeko zempilo yakho ngokusemandleni kwaye ufumane iimviwo zonyango rhoqo kwixesha.

Symptomatics

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ubunzima obunxulumene nokuqhelanisa nomhlaba.
• Ukulahla ubukho bezifo okanye iimpembelelo ezichaphazelekayo ngokutshabalalisa kombono, ukubonakala kobuthathaka kwimilenze, nangona kubonakaliswa kwazo.
• Ukungabikho kokungabikho kwintlobo yeziphene ezichazwe ngasentla.
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nencazelo ecacileyo yezinto kunye nokuthungwa kwazo.
• Ukuphazamiseka okuhambelana nencazelo yesandi. Njengomthetho, imeko enjalo yomntu ichazwa njenge-agnosia yokuhlola, apho isiguli singenakukucacisa ngokucacileyo uhlobo lwesandi, kodwa sikhombisa indawo ukusuka apho ityandi.
• Iingxaki ngokujonga umzimba wakho.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqaphela imifanekiso ebonakalayo eqingqiweyo. Nangona umntu egcina amandla okulungisa izinto ezithile, kodwa ngelo xesha akakwazi ukubopha ndawonye. Ngokomzekelo, ukujonga ityeyibhiyo yokutya, unokukwazi ukubona iziglasi, izigubhu, iiplate ngokutya, kodwa isizathu sokubonakala kwazo siya kuhlala simfihlelo kuye. Le meko ichazwa njenge-visual agnosia.
• Ukuqwalasela kuphela indawo ebonakalayo. Ngokomzekelo, sinokuyichaza imeko xa isigulane sidla kuphela kwicala lasekunene lesipetu xa sitya ukutya okanye xa sivula umnyango, sithinta isango ngesango lakhe lasekhohlo , kuba engaboni ukuphazamiseka ngakwesobunxele.

Ncinane malunga ne-agnosia: iintlobo

Njengoko kunye ne-patnogia nganye, i-agnosia nayo inezinto zayo ezikhethekileyo ze-percolation, ngokuqwalasela ukuba yeyiphi imirhumo enonyango enokusetyenziswa. Kungoko ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango kufuneka ungazi kuphela ukuba le ngxaki iyintoni, kodwa nayo impawu zayo.

Kuza kubekho, kukho iindlela ezininzi zeli meko:

1. Tactile agnosia.
2. Ebonakalayo.
3. Uphicotho.

Ukubonakala

Njengomthetho, le fomu ibonakaliswe xa kukho ukuphulwa kwinqanaba lekwinqanaba le-occipital cortex. Ingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ngaphandle kokubhengezwa kwezinto ezaziwa ngaphambili, kuthiwa yi- agnosia . Umzekelo, umntu uthola kunzima ukuphendula umbuzo othi "yintoni le?" Xa ukhangela ifowuni okanye incwadi. Kodwa ukuba uthetha indlela le nto ibizwa ngayo, ngoko unokukwazi ukuthetha oko kuthetha ntoni. Ukongezelela, njengokuba kukho umzekelo, i-agnosia iyakwazi ukufumana amanqanaba amanyathelo obunzima-ukusuka ekugqibeleni (iingxaki ngokuqonda izinto zangempela) ubuncinci (ubunzima ekuboneni umfanekiso wesigqibo).
• U-Agnosia ebusweni , obonakalisa ukuphulwa kobuso bentsapho okanye abahlobo. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo isigulane singacacisa ubudala kunye nesondo lomntu ngaphandle kweengxaki ezikhethekileyo.
• Umbala agnosia , obonakaliswe ngunyani ukuba isiguli asinakusho ngqo umbala awabonayo kulo mzuzu phambi kwakhe. Umzekelo, ukuba ucela isigulane ukuba ukhangele iqela eliluhlaza emthini kwaye uchaze umbala, awukwazi ukulinda impendulo. Kodwa ukuba ubuza ukuba kufanelekile, umntu uya kuphendula lo mbuzo ngaphandle kweengxaki.
• Ngokufanayo, okanye, njengokuba kuthiwa, simultagnozivnoy agnosia , ebonakalayo ngokuphula umthetho xa uqonda umfanekiso obunzima obunzima, kwaye nangona kunjalo ukukwazi ukuchonga izinto ezizimeleyo kuhleli ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Kwakhona, i-visual agnosia idla ngokubonakalayo kwimeko apho umntu efunda incwadi, kodwa, nangona yonke iminqweno yakhe, akakwazi ukukhumbula ezinye iileta okanye igama elilodwa elibanjwe. Oku kubangela ubunzima abathile ngexesha lokufunda, kodwa aluchaphazeli ileta nganoma yiphi indlela, kuba xa ebuzwa ukuba avelise ileta ephunyukileyo kuyo kwisiqwenga samaphepha okanye ukuwufakela kwikhibhodi ngaphandle kweengxaki, isigulane siyayenza.

Uphicotho

Njengomthetho, i-agnosia yokucwangcisa ibonakaliswa xa insimu yecala ye-lobe yesikhashana ichaphazelekayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba i-lobe ye-temporal ye-hemisphere ngakwesobunxele yonakaliswe, le meko ingabonakalisa njengengxaki yokuvalelwa kweefono (ubunzima bokuhlukanisa izandi zentetho, ezayo ekukhokelela ekuphazamiseni intetho). Ngenxalenye ye-hemisphere eyonakalisiwe ekhoyo ngakwesokudla, umntu ogulayo uye walahleka ukukwazi ukuhlula izandi zomculo ezaziqhelekileyo.

Tactile

I-tactile agnosis ivela xa insimba yeklasi yecandelo leparietal okanye i-hemisphere, elisekunene, lonakaliswe. Inkalo yayo ehlukile yinkxalabo yokuchongwa kwezinto ngokuthintela okanye ekudakaleni okubandakanya ukuqonda amalungu omzimba. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, le ntlobo ingahlula kwiindidi ezi-2. Iyokuqala inokubandakanya konke okudibeneyo kunye ne-receptors yeekhumba, kwaye okwesibini - kunye nezihlunu kunye namalungu.

Diagnostics

Ukufumana iimpawu ezifanayo kumhlobo wakho okanye umntu osondeleyo, ukuze ungacingi ukuba i-agnosia okanye akunjalo, kukulungele ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yokuxilonga. Ukongezelela, musa ukulibala ukuba ukuxilongwa kukuphela kwesiqingatha kwimeko. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomcebisi owaziwayo oza kuhlalutya izikhalazo zesigulane, ukuqwalasela imbali yesifo (umyalelo wesifo, iimpawu, izizathu ezibangele ukuvela kwesi simo). Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinga lokuqhubela phambili kwezilwanyana. Emva koko, ukuvavanywa kwemisebenzi yengqondo kunye nokukhangela ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga ze-neuroloki zingadingeka. Iimfuneko zabo zihambelana nento yokuba i-agnosia yimeko ejoliswe ngokukodwa kunye nengxaki yokujonga. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, udliwano-ndlebe ne-neuropsychologist lingahlelwa, ngexesha apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho inkqubo efunekayo (gcwalisa i-questionnaire, uphendule imibuzo eyahlukahlukeneyo).

Musa ukukhuphela ixabiso lezo ntlobo zophando njengeMRI kunye ne-tomography, engayinceda kuphela ekufundweni kobunqamlezileyo kwisakhiwo seengqondo, kodwa ukufumanisa isizathu esinokwenzeka se-agnosia.

Unyango

Njengomthetho, emva kokuba unyango luqalisiwe, i-agnosia inokunciphisa ngokubonakalayo imbonakalo yayo. Kodwa kuphela emva kokupheliswa kwesifo esisisigxina singakwazi ukuthetha ngonyango osebenzayo kwaye osebenzayo ngokubanzi.

Inkqubo yokuphulukisa ngokwayo iquka ukupheliswa kwengcinezelo yengqondo, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuqeqeshwa ngengcali yeengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziphucula umgangatho wemisebenzi ye-neuropsychiatric.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu akuyiyo yokuzinyango, njengoko abantu abaninzi benza. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, ukuxilongwa akuzange kwenziwe ngexesha kwaye, ngenxa yoko, unyango olusenywe ngasekupheleni alukwazi ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukubonakaliswa kwezi zifo. Ngokubanzi, amanani achaza ukuba ukuba unyango luqaliswa ngexesha, i-agnosia inokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Thintelo

Ukwangoku, akukho zixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhusela ukukhutshwa kwe-agnosia. Ukususela kwiingcebiso eziqhelekileyo zingabonwa:

• Ukulahla kotywala nokutshaya.
• Ukugcina impilo ephilileyo.
• Ukubeka esweni rhoqo uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Isibheno esikhatywayo ngokukhawuleza kumgqirha kunye nempawu ezincinci zokuphuhliswa kwesi simo.