I-Bilirubin iphakanyiswe ngokuthe ngqo-ukuthini oku kuthetha ntoni? I-Bilirubin iqonde ngqo

Akubona wonke umntu owaziyo umzimba wakhe kunye nempahla, izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kuyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva kokufumana iziphumo zeemvavanyo, ngamanye amaxesha sinokuziva sizixhalabile. Emva koko, asikwazi ukuchaza okanye ukuqonda ezinye iingqiqo, kwaye ngoko, akusikho ukufaneleka kwethu ukuvavanya iimeko zethu. Enye yalezi zixabiso ezincinci ziphakanyisiwe i-bilirubin egazini. Izizathu kunye neendlela zokonyango, kunye neempawu zalo mqathango, sicinga ngezantsi.

I-Bilirubin - into enomzimba womntu

Le nto yendalo eyenziwa ngexesha lokuchithwa kwemvelo kwe-hemoglobin ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwamaseli obomvu-i-erythrocyte. Le nqubo iqhubeka rhoqo njengophelo lobomi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi. I-Bilirubin ibonakala kwi-plasma yegazi okanye nge-bile. Ukugqithiswa okuvela kumgangatho wobuninzi be-bilirubin kulezi zixhobo zibonisa ukuba ubukho beemeko zegazi (ukutshatyalaliswa okwandisiweyo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi), isibindi okanye i-bile ducts.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-bilirubin ngqo kunye nezinye iintlobo

Kwizenzululwazi zonyango, kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-bilirubin-ngqo kunye ngqo. Owesibini, obizwa ngokuba ungagqithwanga, uveliswa kwiiseli zesibindi (malunga ne-80%), kunye nezinye - kwieseli zamathambo esele.

I-bilirubin ecacileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yimbopheleleko, yenziwa kwisibindi ngokuqhotyoshelweyo kwi-bilirubin glucuronic acid. Oku kuyadingeka ukuze kuguqulwe into enobuthi kunye ne-insoluble kwifom echanekileyo kwaye uyisuse ngempumelelo emzimbeni nge-bile.

Nangona kunjalo, i-bilirubin engaqhelekanga kunye ne-solulle engaqondakaliyo nayo inokuthi ibe nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokwanda kweengxube ze-substance kwi-bile, iyakwazi ukufumana imvula kunye ne-crystallization, ekugqibeleni oku kungakhokelela ekubunjweni kweepozithi eziqinileyo kwizinto ezakhiweyo ze-gallbladder kunye neengcambu zayo.

Kwimiba yeemviwo zebhubhoratri, i-bilirubin eqhelekileyo ikhankanywe rhoqo, kodwa eli gama lisikliniki, akukho nto injalo emzimbeni. Ngale ngqiqo ithetha inani elipheleleyo le-bilirubin ngqo ngqo.

Iyintoni injongo yokuhlolwa kwegazi malunga ne-bilirubin ngqo?

Olu luhlu lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba luvumela ukuphendula umbuzo othi ingaba i-bilirubin idibene ne-hepatic disys function or not. Ukwanda kwe-bilirubin epheleleyo ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu nje kuphela ezingenakwenzeka ngokunyuka kokuphazamiseka kwe-hemoglobin. Kwaye ukunyuka kwezinto ezinokuqhaqhaqhaqho ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala zijongene nobunzima ekuphumeni kwe-bile, ngokomzekelo, ngokukhutshwa kombane we-bile ducts.

Izizathu zokunyusa i-bilirubin egazini zihluke. Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu sesifo sesibindi sisifo se-hepatitis. Esi sifo sibonakaliswe kukuba iiseli zeli candelo azikwazi ukususa i-pigment kwi-gallbladder kunye namanqwanqwa ayo kwixabiso elifanelekileyo. Ukuhlalutya kwexesha elifanelekileyo kwegazi kwi-bilirubin ngqo kuya kuchonga esi sifo kwaye kuthintele ukuqhubeka kwayo.

Yintoni eqhelekileyo ye-bilirubin?

Ukuze kucaciswe ngokucacileyo isimo se-pathological, iingcali zenze umgaqo wesiqhelo se-bilirubin egazini. Iyakwazi ukuhluka ngokwahlukileyo kwimiba ebanzi, kodwa ngaphezu kwezi zixabiso zingabonisa iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu.

Kwitheyibhile engezantsi, sibona ukuba kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemfuno ze-bilirubin egazini ziyahluka. Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-bilirubin, iimpawu, unyango lwawo oluchongiweyo kuphela ngutitshala, lunokuthi luvele lukhona ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubeka iliso kwinqanaba layo egazini ukwenzela ukuba ungaphuthelwa yintsholongwane ebalulekileyo yezitho zangaphakathi.

Kukuphi ukukhubazeka kukho ukwanda kwe-bilirubin ngokuthe ngqo?

Ukugxininiswa kwe-pigment kuyenzeka xa kubunjwe kakhulu, okanye kukho imingcipheko yokususwa kwayo emzimbeni.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ukubunjwa ngokweqile kwe-bilirubin kubonakala kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo, kungekhona nje isibindi, kodwa kunye nezitho ze-hematopoiesis. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-anemia eyahlukeneyo, ngokuyinxalenye ehambelana nokunyuka kwe-erythrocyte, kunye nokukhubazeka kweentere, ezonakalisa ngokugqithiseleyo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, eziquka eziphilileyo.

Iingxaki ekuguquleni nasekugqibeleni kwe-bilirubin zidla ngokuqhagamshelana nezifo zesibindi ezenzeka ngenxa yeengxube okanye ukuvuvukala. Ngokuqhelekileyo lo mfanekiso unikezwa yi-cholelithiasis kunye neenguqu ze-oncological.

Izizathu ezibangele ukwanda kwinqanaba le-bilirubin ekuhlalutyweni lihlulwe ngamaqela amakhulu amakhulu: i-hepatic and extrahepatic. Iyokuqala ibangelwa yinkqubo yokusabalalisa kwizicubu zesibindi, kunye neyokugqibela - kunye nezinye iziphazamiso zendlela yokuphuma kwe-bile.

IHepatic ibangela:

• I-Acute viral hepatitis A, B, C.
• I-hepatitis engapheliyo kunye ne-bacteria (kunye ne-brucellosis, leptospirosis).
• Inetyhefu ye-hepatitis, ebangelwa isenzo seziyobisi, kuquka.
• Cholestasis ye-Intrahepatic.
• Izifo ze-oncological zesibindi.

Izizathu ze-Extrahepatic:

• Uxinzelelo lwebhanari.
• Izifo ezi zihamba.

Ngaloo ndlela, iqondo eliphakamileyo le-bilirubin elichanekileyo lingabonisa ukungaqhelekanga kwimizimba kwaye ayikwazi ukuba sisiseko sokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa ukwazi le mqondiso, unokuqhuba olunye uviwo olujoliswe kulo.

Ukwandisa i-bilirubin engabonakaliyo egazini

Ukuba iziphumo zeemvavanyo zibonisa inqanaba elongezelelweyo le-pigment engqalileyo, ngoko kufuneka uqaphele ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele, oko kukuthi isamba seeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ne-hemoglobin. Ekubeni i-bilirubin engangqalileyo iguqulwa ngokunyuka kwe-hemoglobin, umntu uya kuba nemiqondiso ecacileyo yokuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ngenxa yokuqokelela egazini lokugqithisa okungaphezulu kwe-pigment, imiqondiso ye-hemolytic anemia (nge-jaundice) ibonakala kwaye iqinise.

Izizathu zokunciphisa i-bilirubin

Esinye sezizathu ezibangela ukunciphisa i-bilirubin ngokuthe ngqo isifo senhliziyo. Le nzekayo iphinda ivele emva kokusela utywala, i-caffeine (kubandakanywa iziphuzo zamandla) kunye nenani lamachiza (penicillin, prednisolone kunye nabanye).

Yayiphi ibonakaliso ye-bilirubin ephakanyisiwe ngaphandle kwegazi?

Ukuba i- bilirubin iphakanyisiwe ngokuthe ngqo, ithetha ntoni? Ngexinzelelo ephezulu ye-bilirubin egazini, ukuhluma kwe-sclera kubonakala kwizigulane, kwaye kwimiqathango enzima kunye neemeko zesikhumba. I-Urine ithola umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye i-feces, ngokuchaseneyo, iyacaciswa ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwe-pigment. Emva koviwo, ugqirha unokufumana isibindi esinyeneyo okanye esandisiweyo, kunokubakho intlungu kwindawo ye-gallbladder projection.

Ukuba i-bilirubin iphakanyisiwe ngokuthe ngqo, oko kuthetha ukuthini isigulane esine- hepatitis evumayo? Kule meko, umntu unokukhononda ngokunciphisa ukutya, isisonguluko, ubunzima kunye nentlungu kwi-hypochondrium efanelekileyo.

Ngenkqubela enzima ye-bile, kukho ukuhlaziywa kwesikhumba. Oku kubangelwa kukuba i-bilirubin ayiphumelelwanga emathunjini, kodwa iphinda ibuyele egazini kwaye ihlongozwe kwizintso. Ukongeza kwiimpawu ze "yellow jaundice", izibonakaliso zesifo esabangela ukuphulwa kwe-bile ye-bile zibonakalisa ngokucacileyo. Ezi ziyimpawu ze-pancreatitis engapheliyo, i- cholelithiasis , njl. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zokufumanisa izifo kwiimeko ezinjalo zi-ultrasound okanye tomography. Banceda ukufumanisa i-edema evuthayo yeendonga zee-ducts ze-bile, kunye nokugqithwa kwazo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-neoplasms.

Bilirubin kubantwana beentsuku zokuqala zobomi

I-metabolism of the newborns ihluke kancinci kubantu abadala. Ekuzalweni, umxholo ophezulu we-hemoglobin fetal ibonakala kwigazi, eliphantsi kokungqubana okukhawuleza kunye nokuphuma kwimizimba. Ngaloo ndlela, ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila, umzimba, i-jaundice yendalo idlalwa rhoqo. Kodwa njengoko inkqubo ye-enzyme yesibindi iguqula i-bilirubin engqalileyo ibe ngqo, le miqondiso ihamba ngokukhawuleza.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho inokwenzeka ukuba i- jaundice yintsholongwane neyentsholongwane. Ingabangelwa ziinkqubo ezifana:

• Ukungahambelani ngeqela legazi okanye i-Rh inkalo yomama nomntwana;
• Ukuhlutha kwe-erythrocyte, okubangela ukubunjwa okongeziweyo kwe-bilirubin;
• I-hepatitis echaphazelekayo;
• Ukuphulwa kwe-outflow ye-bile kwisibindi semvelo kunye nabanye.

Unyango wokwandisa i-bilirubin egazini

Yintoni enokuyenza xa i-bilirubin iphakanyisiwe, akunakwenzeka ukuba uthethe. Izenzo zixhomekeka kwiimeko eziliqela. Okokuqala kufuneka uchaze uhlobo lwesifo, kutheni kwenzeka. Izizathu zokunyuka kwe-bilirubin egazini zihlukeneyo, xa kuxilongwa nokuchaza unyango ugqirha akakwazi ukuthembela kuphela kwisifundo esinye okanye ezimbini. Iimvavanyo ezongeziweyo zinokumiselwa: ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound, i-tomography ekhompyutheni, evumela ukufumana ubukho be-deposits eqinile okanye ezinye izithintelo ekuphumeni kwe-bile, ngenxa yokuba kukho ukwanda kwe-bilirubin egazini. Izizathu, unyango lwenkqubo ye-pathological ingachazwa kwezinye iimeko nge-hematologist (ingcali kwiingxaki zegazi), kwabanye - ngesifo sesifo esiyingozi. Ukuba kukho ubunzima ekuphumeni kwe-bile, unyango lunqunywe ukukhupha i-spasms ye-bile ne-gall bladder.

Nangona kunjalo, njengamalungu amaninzi emzimbeni, i-bilirubin ayifanele ithathwe njenge-slag engenamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Njengokuba uphando lwangoku nje lubonisiwe, i-bilirubin yintsholongwane ye-antioxidant, ephakamileyo ekusebenzeni kwayo kwi-vitamin E. Iyakwazi ukwenza i-peroxide ingacwangcisi, ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kweemeko ezininzi nezifo. Ngaloo ndlela, kubantu abanomxholo ophezulu we-bilirubin egazini, umngcipheko wezilonda ze-atherosclerotic zezifo kunye nezifo zentliziyo zihambelana kakhulu. I-Bilirubin iyakwazi ukulwa nama-radical e-aggressive free, okunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wezifo ze-oncological.

Iimpawu ze-bilirubin kubhinqa abakhulelweyo

Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba abafazi abakhulelwe bilirubin baphakanyiswe ngokuthe ngqo. Oku kuthetha ntoni kubo? Isimo sokukhulelwa asikwazi ukuphazamisa ukunyuka okanye ukwandiswa kwezi zinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oomama bexesha elizayo bayaqaphela ukuba kwiziphumo zohlalutyo isalathisi sesalathisi senkunkuma ihambelana nekholomu "iBilirubin ngokuqhelekileyo". Ukuphakanyiswa, ukunciphisa, kungenokuba kungenxa yokukhulelwa, kodwa ngokugqithisa kwezifo ezingapheliyo okanye ukuvela kwamathambo amasha. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-pigment egazini angabangela izifo ezifana ne-cholestasis, i-hemolytic anemia, i-hepatitis ye-virus, i-cholecystitis. Iimeko ezinjalo zifuna ukuhlolwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokugqibeleleyo komfazi, emva koko ugqirha umisela unyango olwaneleyo kunye osebenzayo.

Iindlela zokunciphisa i-bilirubin

Ukuba ufumana ufumana iimpawu zokunyuka kwe-bilirubin ngokuthe ngqo, kufuneka ulahlekelwe, kuba le meko ingathintela imeko yezitho zangaphakathi. Okokuqala, kufuneka ufunde ukutya kwakho ukunciphisa izinga le pigment. Isiphumo esihle sinokufezekiswa ngokutshintsha ukubonelela. Kule nto ufuna:

• Yeka ukudla ukutya okuthosiweyo kunye neentlanzi;
• Ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ekudleni kotywala;
• Ungasebenzisi iziyobisi kunye negesi;
• Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa kufuneka ziphuze ukwanda kwamanzi ukuba zisuse ngokukhawuleza iibisiki zomzimba.

Kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo enkulu kwisibindi. Ukusebenzisa le miyalelo elula yokutya, uvumela le mzimba ukuba icime kwaye ibuye. Isibindi esinempilo siphumelela ngokukhululeka isixa esikhulu se-bilirubin kwi-bile negazi. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukulandela umsebenzi onempilo wengxumbo. Ukutya okubilisiwe kunye nokubhaka kunomdla kumsebenzi omhle wamathumbu. Awukwazi ukuzixhamla kunye nezidlo ezingapheliyo okanye indlala, oku kuholele ekusebenziseni ukungasebenzi kwimimandla yokutya.

Ngaloo ndlela, impawu kuphela yimeko apho i-bilirubin iphakanyisiwe ngokuthe ngqo. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Oku kubonisa ukuba kubalulekile kungekhona nje ukunciphisa inani le-pigment egazini, kodwa kwakhona ukuphathwa kwesizathu.

Inkqubo yezilwanyana ezinesibindi iya kubonakala ngokusongeleka, intlungu kwindawo yelungu, ukuvakalelwa kwintlungu, ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa, ukunambitheka okukrakra emlonyeni. Ukuba i-bilirubin ephakanyisiweyo ibangelwa yi-anemia, iya kubonakala ngethunzi eliphuzi leembrane, ukukhathala okungapheliyo, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, iintlungu ezisekhohlo zesifuba. Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-bilirubin, ngenxa yezifo zephepha lebhiliyari, kuya kubonakala kumchamo omnyama, i-anorexia, ukubetheka okukhulu kunye nesiphithiphithi.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyimfuneko ukunikela uhlalutyo lwegazi kwi-bilirubin umgca ochanekileyo. Ziziphi iziphumo kunye neengcebiso zokunciphisa ithetha ntoni? Ugqirha uya kuthi.