I-Alexitimia yi ... Alexitimia njengengxaki yengqondo

Cinga ngelinye ixesha kunzima ukuba umntu ophilileyo uchaze iimvakalelo zakhe xa ebheka ukushona kwelanga, ekhupha isiphunga seentyantyambo zentwasahlobo, uva isandi semvula eluphahleni. Yintoni endingayithetha ngayo ngesigulane esinesifo se-alexithymia, esingenakukwazi ukunika ifomu ngamazwi kunye namava akhe.

Ingundoqo yekota

I-Alexitimia kukungakwazi ukuvakalisa imvakalelo ngomlomo, ukuthabatha amagama afunekayo ukuthumela umxhasi we-gamut yonke yeengqondo. Iingcali zengqondo zithi le siyisifo. Inokwenzeka ukuba, i-alexithymia ingabizwa ngokuba ngumntu ngamnye wesifo somntu, isifo okanye ingxaki yengqondo engenzi lutho ngamakhono engqondo. Umntu unokubulumko, umzekelo, usosayensi odumile okanye umphandi, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo akaze akuxelele oko uvakalelwa xa ejonga i-melodrama elila.

Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-70 yekhulu lokugqibela, isazi esaziwayo uPeter Sifneos, ukujonga izigulane ezineengxaki ze-somatic, ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "alexithymia". Oku kwintlalo yengqondo kuthetha ukuba isiguli mhlawumbi asiyazi indlela yokuchaza ngayo iimvakalelo zakhe, okanye nokuba wenza ngokungalungile, ngokungalunganga, nto encinci. UPeter Sifneos wathi abantu abanjalo abanakho ukucinga ngcamango, ngamanye amaxesha abayichazi umgca phakathi kweemvakalelo zomzimba kunye neemvakalelo zangaphakathi, abakwazi ukuqonda iimvakalelo zomnye umntu. Iinkalo ezidwelisweyo zibonakaliswa ngokufanayo okanye enye yazo ikhona.

Ukusasazwa

Bangaphi abantu abachaphazelekayo yi-alexithymia? Lo ngumbuzo onzima, impendulo engabikho, kuba kungekho rhoqo abantu abaphendukela kwiingcali zengqondo ukuze bancede, becinga ukuba imeko yabo yendalo kwaye yendalo. Ngokwezibalo zamvanje, i-syndrome ibonwa kwi-5-25% yabemi behlabathi. Ukungqinelana okuqinileyo kumanani kubangelwa ukuba iingcali zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga ukucacisa ubukho bentsholongwane kunye neqondo lobunzima balo.

Ngexesha elifanayo, izazi zeengqondo zithi i-alexithymia ayifani ngokungahambi kakuhle. Aba bantu, njengabanempilo, bafumana, kodwa balahlekelwa ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo zangaphakathi. Ukungabikho kwembonakalo yangaphandle kuzo kuguqulela ukuphendulwa komzimba: iimvakalelo, ukungafumani i-outlet, zinyanzeliswa, ziguqulwa zibe zizifo zengqondo. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, umntu ulwa ne-autism, ukuxhuma phakathi kwengqondo kunye neengqondo kunokuphazamiseka ngokupheleleyo kwaye akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke, izigulane ezinjalo zicinga ukuba izenzi "zivakalelwa" kwaye "zicinga" zifana.

IiFom

Ukufunda i-alexithymia yinto ebalulekileyo kubaphathi beengqondo zanamhlanje. Kuze kube ngoku, ezinye iinkalo ze-syndrome ayinakuqondakala kwaye zingachangeki. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zakwazi ukuchonga ezimbini iindlela zokuphulwa: eziprayimari nezesekondari. Ngamnye wabo unobomi obunjani kunye nokubonakala. I-alexithymia yaseprayimari inokufunyanwa ngenxa yentleba yokuzalwa. Kwakhona kubangelwa ngenxa yokuphulwa kwe-intrauterine ukwakheka kwengqondo kumntwana. Kubonakala kusebuncinane. Ukuqaphela into engalunganga, abazali kufuneka bafune iingcebiso ze-neurologist.

I-alexithymia yesiSeko yiphumo lokukhathazeka kwengqondo, ngamanye amaxesha ihamba kunye nengxaki yokukhubazeka kwengqondo okanye ingxaki ye-neurologic. Ingaba ngumboniso wesifo sokuxinwa kwengxaki, emva kokuxhalabisa okanye ukuxinezeleka. Ukuphuhliswa kukuthintele, kwindawo yokuqala, ngemfundo engafanelekanga: i-hyperopeak okanye, ngokuchasene noko, ukungabikho kwengqalelo ebalulekileyo kwinqanaba labazali. Iiprayimari ayinakucatshulwa, kwaye isibini isingakwazi ukujamelana nayo.

Izizathu

I-Alexitimia njengengxaki yengqondo inemithombo ephambili. Ziba ngumhlaba ocebileyo apho i-syndrome ikhula. Iingxaki zokufikelela iimvakalelo zokuthetha ngamazwi zachazwa ngabaphandi abaninzi abachaza izizathu ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

• Ukunciphisa impembelelo elawulwa yinkqubo yesigxina, enoxanduva lweengqondo, kwi-cortex yengqondo.
• Ukuphazanyiswa koqhagamshelwano phakathi kwee-hemispheres ezisekhohlo kunye nokunene: owokuqala abakwazi ukuqonda iimpawu zamava aveliswa okwesibini.
• Iimpazamo eziphathekayo ngokusasaza kwenkqubo ye-nervous central.

Ingcamango ye-alexithymia, njengoko sele ikhankanywe ngaphambili, ibonisa ukuba ukuphulwa kuvela kwimfundo engalunganga. Umntwana angahle alahlekelwe amandla okubonisa iimvakalelo ngenxa yeengcamango ezibekwayo, umzekelo, "amadoda akafanele akhale" okanye "ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo kuluntu kungcolile." Ezinye izazinzulu ziyavuma: i-alexithymia ingabangela ukulimala kwentloko - umonakalo kwi- corpus callosum, ejongene nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-hemispheres.

Ukubonakaliswa

I-Alexitimia kukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yomntu kwimvakalelo yengqondo. Kule nkalo, uhlobo lwabantu abanjalo lunamacandelo:

1. Iingxaki ezikhulayo kunye noqhagamshelwano, kwinkqubo apho abantu bavakalisa ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo rhoqo, bachaza isimo sengqondo esithile.
2. Ukugxininisa kwedwa. Ebona ukuba akafani nomntu wonke, umntu uhlala esecaleni kuye, uqala ukukhusela uluntu.
3. Imfesane encinane. Abantu abanjalo banqabile ukuba ngabaculi, abaculi okanye abaklami. Bahluleka ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wokudala.
4. Ukungakwazi ukubona amaphupha aqhakazile kunye nambala.
5. Ubungqina bokucinga kakuhle, ukunyanzeliswa kokutshekisha kunye nokuhlalutya, ukukwazi ukushwankathela.
6. Ukulahlwa kwee-intuition.

Ukuba umntu obhekene ne-aleximia, ukuba abuze oko akuvakalelwa kulo mzuzwana, unokuva iimpendulo ezinjalo: "kubanda," "kubuhlungu," okanye "kungakhathazeki." Abantu abanjalo bahlala bedibanisa iimvakalelo ngeemvakalelo zomzimba.

Iimodeli

Xa umntu efunyaniswa ukuba ne-alexithymia, oku kuthetha ukuba iingxaki ze-psychosomatic zingenziwa ngokufanayo . Bhekisela kwiipatheni ezimbini zokuziphatha: ukuphika nokulahleka. Iyokuqala ibandakanya ukukhuseleka okunzulu kweempembelelo, ezivumela ithuba lokubuyiswa kwesifo. Nangona izigulane ezininzi zingenakuguquka kwaye azikwazi ukutshintshwa nangona unyango olude. Abantu abanjalo baphila ngaphandle kokucinga kunye nemvakalelo. Imodeli yokulahleka yanele ngokwaneleyo. Abantu abakhethayo abanakho iimvakalelo, kodwa kuphela abanye babo, okanye bavakalisa amava abo, kodwa bangenakho ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo, kungekho ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha banako ukucinga nokudala.

Iingcali zeengqondo azigqalanga ekugqibeleni ukuba i-alexithymia isimo seemeko okanye ingaba ibhekisela kwisimo esizimeleyo somntu. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuphulwa kwenzeka kuphela kwimisebenzi ethile, umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokuthetha nomdlali. Ekhohlo yedwa, lo mntu unako ukubonisa iimvakalelo zakhe neemvakalelo zakhe.

Iingxaki

Zininzi iingxaki kumgangatho wenyama zibangelwa yi-alexithymia: i-peptic ulcer, i-dermatitis, i-gastritis, i-colitis, i-asthma ye-bronchial, i-hypertension, ischemic disease isifo, isifo, i-atherosclerosis, i-allergies, i-migraine njalonjalo. Iimvakalelo ezingalindelekanga ziqokelelwe ngaphakathi kwintliziyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza zifumane ukuphuma ngaphandle kwimo yomzimba: umntu unemvelaphi ye-hormonal ephahlayo , ukungaphumeleli kubakho emsebenzini wezitho kunye neenkqubo, ezibangela izifo ezikhankanywe ngasentla.

Esinye isiphumo se-alexithymia yimiliyitha eyongezelelweyo kunye nobunzima obukhulu. Ngokwezifundo ezininzi, ukungakwazi ukuveza iimvakalelo ngokukhawuleza kuguqula ukutya ngokutya, ukutya okungaqhelekanga, ukutshintsha iiglasi zokugcoba ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso engalunganga kunye neyingozi. Ngelo xesha, unyango lwe-syndrome ngokunyanya kakhulu kudlala ingxaki kubagqirha. Iimeko ezinzima ngokukodwa zibandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwe-alexithymia kanye kunye nokulutha komntu kwisiselo sokutywala utywala okanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Diagnostics

Ngokuqhelekileyo i-alexithymia ididekile kunye nezinye izimo zengqondo: ukuxinezeleka, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo okanye ukunyuka kwengqondo. Ngoko ke, umbuzo wokuchonga ochanekileyo kunye nobuchule usebenza kakhulu ngexesha lethu. Ukuchonga ubukho be-syndrome kuncedwa ngumlinganiselo we-alexithymia, ophuhliswe ngumsosayensi waseMerika uTaylor. Le khweshine yaguqulelwa kwaye yaguqulelwa eSt. Petersburg ngeengcali ezivela kwi-Psychoneurological Institute egama linguVladimir Bekhterev. Ngoncedo lwaso, izigulane ezingaphezu kwekhulu zahlolwa, ngenxa yoko yenziwa: izigulane ezineendawo ezifanelekileyo zengqondo ye-brain asymmetry zibi kakhulu ngokonyango.

I-Diagnostics iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa enye i-Schelling-Sifneos. Oogqirha basebenzisa i-questionnaire ye-John Kristal, kunye neendlela zobuchule, kuba abantu abanjalo abanalo ukucinga, ngoko iimpendulo zabo zilinganiselwe kwaye zihlobo olufanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweemvavanyo kwiinjongo zeklinikhi kunzima, kuba akukho datha yokulawula. Ukongeza, oogqirha abanalo ixesha elaneleyo lokuqhuba iimvavanyo, kunye nokuchazwa okungaqinisekanga kweziphumo zabo.

Unyango

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, kunzima ukuphatha i-alexithymia ephambili. Ngexesha elifanayo, okwesibini, okubangelwa ngamava abantwana, kunokupheliswa ngoncedo lweendlela zanamhlanje zokuchaphazela ukuqonda komntu. Xa umntu efunyaniswa ukuba ene-athelexymia, unyango luqala nge-psychotherapy yesiqhelo. Sebenzisa i-Gestalt unyango, ubugcisa be-psychodynamic, kunye ne-hypnosis. Injongo ephambili kukufundisa isigulane ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo neemvakalelo zabo.

Ingqwalasela eninzi ihlawulwa kwingcamango, ebangela ukuba ukwandiswa kwembonakalo yokubonakalisa imvakalelo. Ngokuphathelele amayeza, izazinzulu azizange zifike kwisigqibo esisodwa: ingaba zinceda okanye cha. Ezinye izazi zeengqondo ziqaphele impembelelo entle evela kusetyenzisweni lwezinxilongo phambi kobuchopho be-psychopathological, njenge-panic attack. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, oogqirha bayaqiniseka ukuba unyango lufanele lube lubanzi. Kule meko, indima enkulu kuyo idlalwa ngabantu abasondeleyo isiguli abadibana naye, bancedise ukuvula umhlaba wangaphakathi lomntu wasemzini, ukuphosa umlambo wezinto zakhe ezikhuselekileyo nezifihliweyo.