Ekhohlo nasekunene-iphiko amaqela: umahluko nokufana ideology

Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, emva kokuba yonke indlu yetotshi ilayite "screen blue", iindaba ngamazwe akuthethi ukuya ngaphandle ukukhankanywa iphiko lasekhohlo Bundestag, okanye ekunene kwi kwipalamente French. Omnye wabo ene-nkqubo? Ngamaxesha Soviet, kwaye kwacaca ukuba ekhohlo - ukuba amalungu olobusoshiyali kunye lwasekunene, phezu koko, abakuthandayo kongxowankulu nokubonakalaliswa yazo kakhulu - amaNazi, nobona National Socialist, iqela koonovenkile yoohlohlesakhe. Namhlanje izinto zitshintshile, yaye bobabini bavela phantse onke amazwe ukuba kuvele ngokuwa USSR. Omabini amaqela ekhohlo nasekunene-nephiko kwenzeka kwiholo ngeseshoni enye epalamente, maxa wambi aphikisanayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bavote ngokupheleleyo ngokudibeneyo, kodwa centrists abe.

Kutheni "ekunene" yaye "usishiyile"?

ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo Liyaduduma Revolution French neyabhukuqa ukumkani kwaye ukufaka uhlobo republic karhulumente. I "Marseillaise", nto leyo eyaba umhobe wesizwe, kukho igama elithi "ezithathwe kwi lantern" - ngengqiqo yokuba irhintyela emqaleni wakhe. Kodwa idemokrasi idemokhrasi, kunye namalungu epalamente ukusuka kwizikhundla abanenzondo bahlala kwiholo enkulu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, kwaye kwakungekho zeenkcuba phakathi kwabo, ngoko ngokwamaqela. It nje Kwenzeka ukuba Jacobins ukhethe indawo kwi ekhohlo (Gauche), lo gama iqela zabo - Girondins - ngokuchasene (Droit). Ukususela ngoko Kwathi ukuvela kweempembelelo zopolitiko uhlengahlengiso olukhulu kubomi bentlalo, zibe ngasekhohlo. Icacile ukuba amaKomanisi bazichaza kuye, kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula "Ekhohlo Matshi" Mayakovsky. Ekunene-iphiko amaqela ezopolitiko athatha izikhundla esahlukileyo, njengokuba xa abo babebambelele.

A isuntswana imbali yale mihla, okanye asekhohlo iba ekunene

Phantsi slogans yokuphucula imeko yabasebenzi ukuba amandla, amaxesha amaninzi ezayo kwiinkokheli bazisa abantu babo engxakini. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula Chancellor Adolf Hitler wavakalisa kwiSocialism National German. Ngethuba ngumzabalazo ngumongameli, wathembisa abavoti iingenelo ezininzi, kuquka ingeniso ephakamileyo nokuthe tye, ukurhoxiswa lihlazo ukuba amaJamani iSivumelwano Versailles, umsebenzi kumntu wonke, iziqinisekiso zentlalo. Ukuba ezabo, into yokuqala uHitler awaqhubana ngayo abachasi bakhe yezopolitiko - ekhohlo Democrats Social and amaKomanisi, leyo ngokomkhethe wabatshabalalisa emzimbeni, omnye "reforge" kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Ngoko ke waba ilungelo, kulandele abathinjiweyo Albert Einstein wabonisa ukuba yonke into isalamane.

Omnye umzekelo. L. D. noTrotsky yaba "ngasekhohlo kakhulu" nkqu V. I. Lenina. Oku akuthethi ukuba inkokeli sabasebenzi ihlabathi tye. Nje umbono malunga umkhosi zabasebenzi ngelo xesha kwabonakala ndikhohlakele kakhulu, nakuba abangabaxhasi bakaMarx. Lva High-sasekhohlo Davidovicha lula amngxolise, zalungisa, wanikela icebiso lobuhlobo.

Kodwa loo nto yonke imbali ngoku bekukudala lufuneka. Kwaye kwenzeka ntoni nge ekhohlo kunye namaqela ekunene-iphiko namhlanje?

Ukudideka in Modern Europe

Ukuba phambi 1991 kwacaca, ubuncinane kuthi, kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, kunye nenkcazo "pravosti" kwezopolitiko kwaba tugovato. Le levacheskimi Democrats Social, ngokwesiko lithathwa, kwiPalamente yaseYurophu nje tirhisa izigqibo ukuba ukhe ingaqhelekanga iintshaba zabo, yaye vice versa. indima enkulu ekumiseleni ikhondo lezopolitiko ngoku idlala ukulwelwa (ingakumbi ngexesha lonyulo), kunokuba nobungozi kumaqonga zemveli.

Ekhohlo-iphiko amaqela ezopolitiko, ezizezi benkululeko, wavota ubabalo ngokunika uncedo lwemali eGrisi, nto leyo ehambisana indawo ngo kuphuculo nkqubo bentlalo yabantu babo. Kukho, ngoko ke, nokuqhubekeka ngokuphathelele anti-Fascism. I Left Party of Germany babe phi ngomlomo zamasekela ephikisana umgaqo Merkel kaThixo inkxaso imikhosi Ukrainian wesizwe, uthi iikowuteshini ezininzi anti-Semitic kwaye Russophobic kwiintetho enesihlwitha i "icandelo ekunene" kwaye umbutho "Freedom".

Le ngxaki yemali iye mandundu le meko. Okwangoku, amaqela ekhohlo nasekunene-nephiko yaseYurophu ngeendlela ezininzi batshintsha iindima, ngexesha ilondoloza umanyano obonakalayo kuzo zonke enokuthanani izithembiso ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphila abemi babo.

"Ekunene-nephiko 'isikhundla kwi USSR

Owayesakuba yiSoviet Union utoliko orientation kwezopolitiko, "iincam" ngokubanzi wahlala ngokufanayo ngamaxesha Soviet. amaqela Ekunene-nephiko eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe awayesakuba "republic ezamahala" abonisa kwiinjongo zabo amaxwebhu inkqubo, apho, ngokutsho iinkokheli zabo, kufuneka azame eluntwini, ezizezi:

- ukwakhiwa kuluntu yongxowankulu ngokwenene;

- inkululeko epheleleyo yoshishino;

- ukunciphisa umthwalo irhafu;

- a imikhosi exhobileyo professional ngokupheleleyo;

- ukungabi imingcele;

- ukuhlanganiswa igunya emhlabeni (funda: Western) inkqubo kwezoqoqosho, nto leyo kungokunje linengxaki enkulu lwenkqubo.

- inkululeko, kubandakanywa ukususwa lonke uluhlu nezithintelo ukuba "Badidekile" kwi "ulawulo non-lwentando yesininzi." Abameli kakhulu ngenkalipho iphiko ekunene ukuvakalisa "amaxabiso yaseYurophu" ukusa kwinqanaba ukukhuthazwa zibhuqe.

Iintlobo "rightism" iintlobo

Noko ke, le elibusayo Russian "United Russia" Kwakhona libhekisela iphiko zepalamente, kuba ixhasa uphuhliso lobudlelwane emarikeni. Ukongeza kulo, kwibhokisi ekunene akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle "UManyano Lezwe", "Union of Ekunene Forces", "Apple", "Party of Economic Freedom", "eRashiya Choice", kunye nezinye ezininzi nemibutho yoluntu, emi phezu izikhundla yinkululeko zonke iintlobo lobudlelwane.

Ngenxa yoko, kusenokuba kukho kuphikisana yayo enkampini amaqela ezopolitiko kwicala elinye, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu kunene.

Njengoko zikhuthazwe Left

Ngokwemveli, iphiko lasekhohlo iqela obuxhasa ukuvuselelwa ngempumelelo socialism. Kwabo ziquka:

- mali yoluntu yempilo kunye nemfundo, nekufuneka zibe simahla ngenxa yabantu;

- Vala ekuthengisweni umhlaba kubemi angaphandle;

- isicwangciso karhulumente kunye nolawulo phezu kwazo zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo;

- nokwandiswa kwecandelo le imo lezoqoqosho, oyinto - uvalwe ngokupheleleyo lweshishini yabucala

- ukulingana, ookhansila kunye nabanye.

I Left Party of Russia thaca lo Vanguard - Communist Party (enyanisweni amaqela amabini, kwaye Zyuganov Anpilova), kwakunye nabasebenzi babo, "abanombono ngolo Russia", "kwezolimo", "statists yesiZwe" kunye neminye imibutho eliqela. Ukongeza iiprojekthi nostalgic yali mandulo, maxa wambi babeka phambili amaphulo kakhulu kuluncedo kwaye enengqondo.

umthetho Ukrainian

Ukuba eYurophu kunzima ukuqonda malunga orientation, ngoko (okanye) Ukraine nzima ukuyenza. Malunga capitalism, olobusoshiyali, liberalism okanye ubunini iindlela ezisisiseko yemveliso, apha akayi. Le yeyona iphambili ephambili esicacisa neenjongo zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho ngexesha elinye kwaye ezinxulumene eRashiya, apho amaqela ekunene-nephiko Ukraine igqalwa ilizwe uxabene kakhulu. ukhetho yaseYurophu - yenye into apho ke musa nosizi lutho: akukho yokutyiwa kwamashishini zoshishino kunye nentsebenziswano okanye abemi babo. Le apotheosis yale Umkhuba kwezopolitiko basekhaya yaba notorious "Maidan", oko ukuze uhlale. Babizwa ngokuba "Sector Right", kunye nezinye ultra-izakhiwo, yajika yaba ngumbutho lamabutho ukuba ukulungele ukwenza umsebenzi yokutshayelwa kohlanga.

I Left e Ukraine

amaqela Ukrainian left- kwaye ekunene-iphiko rhoqo iyaphikisana. Ngexesha lonke khona i geqe ngamandla kwakukho kuphela abaxhasi iinguqulelo kwimarike, ethi, Noko ke, zitolikwe esikhethekileyo kakhulu. Noko ke, le "Ekhohlo awodwa", ebandakanya wobusoshiyali, yabo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe, i-All-Ukrainian Party of Abasebenzi, yaye, ke, amaKomanisi, babusoloko inkcaso. Le meko, kwelinye icala, iluncedo, ngenxa yokunqongophala uxanduva into eyenzekayo kweli lizwe, ngomhla lubonisa Kwelinye icala ukuba entandweni Marxism zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu musa ukuyisebenzisa. Eneneni, amaKomanisi imeko efanayo eRashiya. Umahluko yenye, kodwa kubalulekile. Xa namhlanje epalamente ekhohlo Ukrainian - kuphela olunxantathu eliphikisayo, ephikisana kurhulumente banqande ubuzwe.

Ngubani ilungile, kodwa umntu ngasekhohlo

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqonda "leftism" yaye "rightism 'kwihlabathi Koloni kunye namazwe post-eSoviet utshintshatshintsha kakhulu. Okwangoku, i "pravoseki 'Ukrainian bayakwazi lokohlwaya abemi eyayisuka babopha ngoSuku Victory kwi nengalo St. George iribhoni, sivakalisa" separatists "kwaye" eColorado ", yaye ukuba oko kuyingozi isithintelo ngomlomo, kodwa hayi inketho okubi.

Ngako oko, ngamnye kwabo ngokuzenzekelayo zibalwa phakathi ngasekhohlo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulwalamano lwabo kwiingcamango jikelele ubulungisa kwezentlalo. Kwangaxeshanye, amaqela aseYurophu ekhohlo nasekunene ziyahluka kuphela imibala yenarha iqela, ezinye iingongoma lwenkqubo kunye namagama.