Hepatitis A: Iimpawu ebantwaneni, uxilongo, unyango kunye nothintelo

Xa abantu, isibindi luhlobo ilabhoratri kwemichiza, apho igazi kuhlanjululwa ezininzi izinto eziyityhefu kwaye kuyingozi. Ukuba le umzimba isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, uhlangabezana njani imisebenzi yayo ngokomgangatho, kodwa akusoloko kwenzeka. Kukho izifo enokuchaphazela isibindi, ezifana ihepatitis A. Iimpawu abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela kwangoko kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqala unyango olusebenzayo. Makhe siqwalasele ukuba yintoni na esi sifo nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba siphephe iingxaki.

Yintoni na hepatitis A

Iindlela sifo inokuba ezimbalwa, bonke babe neempawu zabo kunye neempawu. Xa siqwalasela hepatitis A, sisifo esosulelayo ochaphazela iiseli zesibindi. Esi sifo sizibonakalisa ngekhondo elibujikele kwaye abonakalisa iimpawu kunxilwe neziphene ezahlukeneyo kumsebenzi walo mzimba.

Xa ujonga uhlobo ngezizwe, i-hepatitis A zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezininzi:

• Hepatitis ne kwikhoma hepatic.
• Ezifo kohlobo A.
• Ngaphandle kwikhoma hepatic.

obubonakala Clinical kwesibindi

isifo ngamnye wayo, hepatitis A unawo maxesha alandelayo:

1. Le okuthatha. Iqala emva kokuba intsholongwane ongena emathunjini ngomlomo, ngoko utyhutyha esibindini, apho iqala ukufuya kakhulu. Ithuba elisuke ithatha kwesibindi A iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu.
2. ixesha Preicteric iqala lubandakanywe iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo - yehle wokutya, ukudinwa kubekho iintlungu esiswini. Amaxesha amaninzi kukho ukwanda obushushu.
3. A kubonakaliswa ocacileyo sifo, esibonakala solusu etyheli, umchamo emnyama kunye endleni luthuthu. Hepatitis A intsholongwane ebangela ukwanda kwesibindi, udakada kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwandisa.
4. In inyathelo elilandelayo kunciphisa kokuqala, imeko yesigulane kuphucula, isibindi ubuyela imilinganiso yalo yokuqala.
5. Ithuba alulame, oqhele kweenyanga ezi-3. Ngeli xesha, umntwana nangoku ezinye kabi inokuba izikhalazo.

Njani na sinokosuleleka hepatitis

Kwesibindi A intsholongwane ngokufuthi kuchaphazela umzimba lo mntwana. Pathology kungenzeka ngabanye okanye nokuqhambuka ezincinane, xa kukho iqela lonke abagulayo enkulisa okanye esikolweni kwibakala.

Hepatitis - sisifo kuchaphazela abantu kuphela, kwaye ngoko ke banokuwusasaza usulelo kunokuba kuphela umntu. Kaninzi oku indima edlalwe yi isigulana ifomu Nedlac sohlobo A, apho esi sifo akukho sifo. Umntu inaso esi yintsholongwane, ngomkhuhlane ndikunye nabanye abantu.

Usulelo kohlobo A kwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, badla naye ukutya, amanzi, zinokusasazwa nge indle. Transmission sohlobo emoyeni akunakwenzeka zosuleleke ngexesha ukutofelwa igazi, kodwa ngenxa kozinzo ntsholongwane egazini, le ingozi incinane ngokufanelekileyo.

Umzimba womntu zithandwa usulelo, idla ubhubhane elithe qwele kumaziko apho kukho inani elikhulu labantwana kanye ibetha hepatitis A (iimpawu ebantwaneni, cinga kancinane emva koko). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, ukuba umntu ngenxa kanye ebomini bakho, afana nabantwana, ubunzima esi sifo, amajoni omzimba uvelisa yobomi.

ngezigaba

Ukulingana kuthethwa ngayo ngokwemigaqo uhlobo, ubungozi ikhondo sifo. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo sohlobo A:

1. Gumbini, esizibonakalisa zonke iimpawu ezithile zesi sifo.
2. Nedlac, ukuba sele bucinyiwe, imiqondiso yaye ibhekisela sibi.

Iimpawu zesi sifo zixhomekeke ubungqongqo esi sifo, oogqirha ayikhuphi:

1. uhlobo wobulali, apho ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ukunxila okanye ubuthathaka, isibindi kwandisa kancinci. Isifo uba indalo nokungazinzi koqoqosho, kunye recovery kwenzeka malunga ngenyanga.
2. Hepatitis ubucaka ngomlinganiselo. Kukho ngokugudileyo lokuqhubeka sifo, yellowness ichazwe abangaxhalabisiyo, kungandisa kuphela isibindi, kodwa udakada. Iimpawu kunxilwe usenokungaguquki ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2. Buyisela umzimba unako iinyanga ezimbini kuphela.
3. ifomu ezimandundu unesifo kakhulu kunqabile. Iimpawu kunxilwe ibonakalisiwe ngamandla, umntwana uba ecubhukile, silale. Kukho babe nesiyezi, ukubetha kwentliziyo kakubi, nokopha, irhashalala apha esikhumbeni. Isibindi yandiswa kakhulu ngobukhulu, kwaye kukho iintlungu eziqatha Ngokucofa.
4. uhlobo Anicteric kwenzeka ngo-20% yezigulane. Akukho yellowing le sclera kunye ulusu uyalandelwa. Kukho bubuthathaka, ukungabi namdla, ukuze ukugabha kunye isicaphucaphu. Isifo bungabonakala isibindi eyandisiweyo.
5. Kananjalo uhlobo subclinical esi sifo, apho iimpawu ngokubanzi bengekho. Uxilongo kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuba yolingo lwezonyango. abantwana abanjalo axhaswa inkqubo bhubhane Collective labantwana.
6. Ngamana kuba cholestatic ihepatitis A. Iimpawu ebantwaneni kuvandlakanywa ngohlobo senyongo. Isikhumba ngeke babe mthubi, kodwa ithinti oluhlaza. Kuyabonakala isikhumba sakho silume, ukunyuka zesibindi kancinane. Likwaqhuba uhlobo ixesha elide, na ongasa iinyanga eziliqela, kodwa esingapheliyo aluphumeleli.

Ikhosi zesi sifo kubantwana

Njani hepatitis A ebantwaneni, iya kuxhomekeka ikhondo sifo. Oogqirha uqaphele:

1. indlela olunamandla. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo, njengoko umthetho, zonke iimpawu zinyamalale kwisithuba seeveki 2-3. Acute hepatitis A ebantwaneni elinokuthatha ukuya kuma kwiinyanga ezi-3, kodwa ixesha elithile emva kokuba recovery inokuba ezinye izikhalazo.
2. ikhondo elide bathi ukuba esi sifo ukuba ukwehla ngaphezu 3 iinyanga. Kwesibindi ixesha elide akakwazi ubuye esiqhelweni, kodwa recovery liza kufika msinyane elo okanye kamva, ukuba zonke iziphakamiso kagqirha.
3. Ngezifo ne exacerbations. Xa enjalo ngoku ikhulise iimpawu kwezonyango izifo, ziyonakala iimvavanyo umsebenzi kwesibindi, ixesha-egciniweyo inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo xa iiseli zomzimba.
4. Ikhosi le sifo, ethi ichaphazele iphecana biliary. Oku kaninzi kwenzeka ngohlobo ngomlinganiselo. Isifo kunokwenzeka ngaphandle iimpawu ezicacileyo kwaye kungabonwa kuphela izifundo elebhu.
5. Pathology for ukulawula zezizifo intercurrent. Izifo ezidityaniswe, njengokuba umthetho, musa ukwandisa ubuzaza iimpawu abanesifo kodwa bandiqumbise ukwanda esibindini.

Uxilongo kwesibindi A

Uxilongo echanekileyo nasiphi na isigulo luqala zophononongo. Efumanise kwesibindi A ebantwaneni kusekelwe nyhikityha, zelabhoratri data clinical.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba le ngezifo uthabathe uhlalutyo iimvavanyo zeLebhu kohlobo A. lungohlulwa lube ezithile, zinceda ukuba kufunyanwa yomguli HAV igazi RNA ngu PCR kunye izilwa-anti-hav JgM yi ELISA.

Ngoncedo lwezibonisi non-ezithile nga ukufumanisa iqondo zesibindi ukonzakala, ukuhlola ukuba izifo, namandla aso kwaye wenze uqikelelo. Xa uthathe igazi kohlobo A, qiniseka uvavanyo kukuqinisekisa umsebenzi enqanda hepatocellular kunye nezalathisi kudala ukutya.

Kuphela emva kokuxilongwa ngakumbi sifo baqale unyango.

Kodwa kusekwangoko isifo, abazali ingqalelo iimpawu wabonakala yaye ngokukhawuleza funa uqwalaselo lwamayeza. Makhe sijonge iimpawu sohlobo A abazali kufuneka ukwazi.

period Symptomatology predzheltushnogo

Ubude eli thuba - ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya ku 7. Luquka ezi infective yeqonga kunye letyhefu eziziisekondari. Eyokuqala luphawulwa ngokubonakala ukunxila omzimba womntwana, zibangelwa umonakalo luvo. Ekuqaleni kwesi sifo kakhulu elibukhali, kunye mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukwanda elibukhali lobushushu.
• ubuthathaka jikelele.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Tachycardia.
• Rare, kodwa inakho ukugabha.
• iintlungu esiswini.

ixesha eyosulelayo ithatha iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngoko ke amathontsi ubushushu, ukuphuculwa umntwana. Sikhathi zinetyhefu lesibini kunye neempawu zayo kubonisa uphuhliso ukusilela wesibindi, iimpawu sohlobo A kulo mzekelo, kancane, baye bathi:

• Silale.
• Ukunganaki.
• Ubuthongo.
• Mhlawumbi nesiyezi.
• Ukwehla wokutya, kukho Ukwehluleka ukutya okunamafutha.
• Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha.

Kweli nqanaba, isibindi ubunjwe, ukunyuka kakhulu ngobukhulu, umntwana azive iintlungu ikota yesangqa ephezulu ngasekunene. Ukuba ngeli xesha lokuba athathe uvavanyo igazi, emva koko wafumana ukwanda enzyme zesibindi.

Igcina ixesha preicteric umchamo emnyama kunye esitulweni umbala.

Iimpawu ebantwaneni kwixesha icteric

Ukuba unesifo hepatitis A, iimpawu ebantwaneni kwixesha icteric ixhomekeke ibakala esi sifo. Zezi ezintathu: ukwanda kweempawu, ukuphakama kwesifo kunye ukuhla.

Egazini, ukwanda amanqanaba yibilirubin, ngokuqhelekileyo, le nkqubo kuthatha iintsuku 6-8, kwaye ke iqala kuncipha, ukuba efanelekileyo sifo. protein Modified, nenqatha, ukutya ekudleni, nokuphazamiseka balance amanzi amtyuba umsebenzi kwesibindi ubunzima.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu sohlobo A ebantwaneni zezi zilandelayo kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala kweli thuba:

• Ubushushu ingahluka discontinuously. Konke kuxhomekeke kubukho ezihamba ezimbi kunye neengxaki zeenkqubo arhabaxa.
• Eyayiphazamisa nemithambo yegazi.
• utshintsho yezifo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Makusoloko kukhunjulwa ukuba ubunzulu esi sifo kukuba hepatitis A yenza utshintsho nokusebenza intliziyo, ezo zichazwe besaphula kwiinkqubo pathways kwi imisipha entliziyweni.

Ezibonisa kwithuba poslezheltushnom

Kwakugqitywa ixesha senyongo igwetywe isixa yibilirubin egazini. Ukuba manani lehla laya kuluhlu yesiqhelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphikise ukuba kwincopho sifo ngasemva.

Senyongo idla ithatha ithuba leeveki ezimbini, kodwa ihlale ixesha elide. Poslezheltushny unokuba ixesha iiveki ezintathu, kodwa abanye abantwana - kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Akukho mpawu ecacileyo ekupheleni kweli xesha, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhonza isibaluli ukuba kuqheleke ubungakanani zokunciphisa kwesibindi enqanda zesibindi.

wenza njani hepatitis A kwiintsana

isifo kwiimveku uneempawu zawo. Kukho umkhwa amanzi ngendlela engumxube (wentsholongwane egazini kunye bacteria) ezaziwayo ngethuba loviwo.

Enye into kukuba oogqirha esibhedlele zange achaze isiqalo exacerbation kwenkqubo ebhekiswe - iziphene okanye azalwe.

Izifo kwenzeka kubantwana nzima ngaphezu abadala okanye abantwana abadala. ixesha Preicteric kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa yaye ongenayo ibonwa lwezonyango, ngezifo kangaka ingqalelo, xa senyongo iqala.

abaqala Acute babe ezi mpawu zilandelayo kwiintsana:

• Ukwehla imnyama.
• regurgitation rhoqo.
• Ukujoyina i isisu.
• lobushushu eliphezulu.
• Ngamana kuba iimeko catarrhal ye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla.
• Endleni kunye notshintsho umchamo umbala kwi nje ngosuku phambi kokuba ixesha senyongo.

Unyango sohlobo B kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kweliso zonyango. Kuxhomekeka ebukhulwini lesi sifo ugqirha hospitalize le nomonde okanye inike kwanonyango ekhaya.

Unyango kwesibindi A

Ekubeni okuthatha kohlobo A badla ngokuba akukho iimpawu, oko kudla ngoxilongo isifo ukususela ekuqaleni ibakala senyongo. Kwi ngokubonakala yokuqala ngohlobo ukudinwa, ukungabi namdla, abanye abazali abakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo. oyingcaphephe abaqeqeshiweyo kuphela ukunika naziphi na izindululo njengoko yokuphatha hepatitis A ngokuqhelekileyo uthomalaliso azezi misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. Xa sibi isigulane hayi esibhedlele, ukuphumla emiselweyo ebhedini, ekwimo kakhulu, kufuneka babonwe iintsuku ezi-5.
2. Isigulana kufuneka isondlo echanekileyo kunye nomntwana, apho umlinganiselo iiprothini, amafutha kunye carbohydrate ziya kuba 1: 1: 4.
3. Abazali kufuneka afake ezityiwa ngakumbi ekrwada imifuno, iziqhamo, imifuno kunye ayo.
4. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kupheliswe nezikhongozelo eziphakamileyo-yokunyibilika, eziqhele ukufunyanwa kulo imajarini, lard. Kufuneka ukwahlula ukutya enkonkxiweyo, sausage, okunamafutha intlanzi kunye nenyama. Nzuzo ukusebenzisa izithako ashushu, sauce, iilekese kunye namaqebengwana.
5. Ngokuqhelekileyo oogqirha musa amisele iziyobisi ezithile ukuze kuliwe hepatitis, kufuneka imiselwe cholagogue. Kwisigaba zale sifo ichiza holeliticheskogo isincomo iintshukumo ezifana "wemagniziyam sulfate" "Berberine", yaye xa amanyathelo ukululama holesekretiruyuschego: "Allohol", "Holenzim".
6. Oogqirha amisele izigulane ikhosi iivithamini kweqela B ( "Combilipen").
7. Ukuba kukho uhlobo cholestatic cholestasis kwi, esibonisa indlela 'ursosan "xa isixa-mali ka-10-15 mg / kg ngosuku. Xa ixesha kakhulu unyango olunjalo kunokuba ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya ku-6.
8. Ukuba hepatitis kwenzeka kakhulu, uthomalaliso iimela emiselweyo, oko kubandakanya yokwenziwa ngedriphu efakwa namandla "Reamberin" solution 1.5% xa umthamo we-10 ml / ubunzima bomzimba kg.
9. Kuyo yonke le unyango, nokuba isifo kunye namandla aso, le chelators emiselweyo, ezifana "Enterosgel", "Enterodez".
10. Emva kweeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo emva kokuqala kwekhefu sifo lwenziwa uviwo yokuqala isigulane, emva kweenyanga ezi-3 iimfuno zohlolo yesibini. Ukuba ugqirha akuthethi nokuxilonga ezibonisa lwezonyango, umntwana liyasuswa kwirejista.

Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe: ukuba uthomalaliso kuqhutywa kweli khaya, umguli oselula kufuneka abe kwigumbi elahlukileyo zonke izinto zakho (izinto, iimveliso yococeko) ukuba.

Imiphumo kwesibindi A

Ukususela intsholongwane esi sifo uyakwazi ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo zesibindi enzyme, oko kuthathwa ukuba kuza kuchaphazela umsebenzi yonke omzimba womntwana. Wonke umzali kufuneka aqonde wonke umthwalo kwesi sifo kunye neziphumo zawo, ngoko xa imbonakaliso yokuqala ngokuyimfuneko ebhekisela yincutshe.

Ukuba yonyango kuyaqalwa ngendlela ngexesha ngokuhambelana zonke iingcebiso ugqirha, alale, wenza utshintsho izidlo, awukwazi ukuboyika kubunzima kunokwenzeka. Xa isifo Botkin kaThixo (eyaziwa ngokuba hepatitis A) ukuba sithi singanyangwa, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yomntwana kwixesha elizayo. Phakathi iingxaki ezizezona zixhaphakileyo kulandelayo:

• Ukungaqheleki xa umsebenzi esibindini.
• Iingxaki kunye ekugayeni ukutya.
• Isibindi zancitshiswa ubukhulu.
• Ukuphuhlisa Encephalopathy.
• Ascites.
• Mhlawumbi esiphelweni ukusilela esibindini.
• Ukutshintsha sifo kwifomu esinganyangekiyo.

Ukuba uqala unyango ngexesha, i-hepatitis A ngcembe besishiya, onke amaxabiso elebhu ukubuyela eziqhelekileyo, isibindi kwakhona umsebenzi wayo.

Indlela ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwesifo

Uthintelo sohlobo A ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. amanyathelo ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane kwakuthetha ifuthe umthombo losulelo, iindlela yokosulela kunye susceptibility kusuleleko.

Kubalulekile ukwenza isigulo kwangethuba, ngoko kuya kuba lula ikheswa isigulana kwabanye ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane. Ukuba umntwana lowo wadibana isigulane, kuyimfuneko yonke imihla lokuhlola ulusu, amehlo sclera ukubonakala senyongo umbala, palpate isibindi.

Ukuba kukho sele yayiliziko sohlobo A, ukuba ukuchonga Nedlac iimvavanyo elebhu rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2 kufuneka kwenziwe de flash kuya kuphuma.

Ukuzama ukunqanda ukusasazeka usulelo kunokuba ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Lawula amandla karhulumente.
• Iliso umgangatho wamanzi okusela.
• Athobele imithetho yempilo karhulumente kunye zobuqu.
• Ukuba ufumana umntwana, kule ukuqhambuka kufuneka wenziwe kweentsholongwane.
• Kuthintelo immunoglobulin eqhelekileyo zilawulwa ingqondo ephezulu izilwa kohlobo A.

Ugonyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa umsebenzi ngamaxesha sohlobo C yintsholongwane, kuyimfuneko rhoqo ekupheleni kwehlobo ngqalo ekwindla.

Kodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuzikhusela bona kunye nabantwana babo kwisifo kuphela ugonyo. Oogqirha Russian basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo wamachiza, uninzi zilandelayo:

• Le lugonyo hepatitis A kunye polioksidoniem "GEP-A-in-VAC-IN L", ekuveliseni eRashiya.
• "AWACS" sokugonya French.
• "Havrix" - lokugonya British-eyenziwe.
• Enye lugonyo hepatitis A, yavelisa eRashiya, - ingqalelo ulwelo adsorbed lihlanjululwe inactivated "GEP-A-in-VAC".

Ezi ntlobo zokugonya ebiqaliswe kwi umzimba umntwana phambi kokuba bafike konyaka omnye ubudala. Amaxesha amaninzi basebenzisa co-ulawulo sohlobo A no-B, kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Phantse 95% yabantwana agonywe ukuphuhlisa okukwazi womelela nxamnye le ntsholongwane.

neziphumo ezingathandekiyo emva kogonyo, zidla emsebenzini. Kusenokubakho bomvu kancinane, ukudumba kuyo inaliti, icesina ezolileyo. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zonke izigulane abaselula, uninzi abantwana bagonywe ukunyamezeleka kakuhle.

Ngaphandle umsebenzi isibindi eqhelekileyo akanakuba ukusebenza ngokuyimpumelelo kwazo zonke ezinye iinkqubo omzimba, ngoko nayiphi na ngezifo wayo kufuneka uxilongiwe ngendlela ngexesha kuxhomekeka ukuba unyango olusebenzayo. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwizigulane abaselula. Uxanduva ngempilo yabo iwela ngqo ezizibeni zamagxa ze yabazali, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba sinikele ingqalelo nasiphi na isitenxo kwisiqhelo kwi yokuziphatha umntwana, xa amaxabiso elebhu. Indlela kuphela iyaluthintela uphuhliso iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu.