Kangangezihlandlo ezibini Hero eSoviet Union Makarov Oleg Grigorevich: engobomi, impumelelo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

umntu onesiphiwo, umphengululi, wayeyinjineli uyilo edumileyo, cosmonaut Oleg Grigorevich Makarov ngummi Wawongwa umzi ithi ezintathu: Yakutsk (Russian Federation), Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan) kunye Rivne (Ukraine). Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe ehambelana nyaka, nto leyo ithathwa ekuqaleni kwexesha ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Kwaba ngo-1957, eSoviet Union yaqalisa ngenyathelo lokuqala ehlabathini satellite ngumntu. Kwaye imvelaphi yalo siganeko sibaluleke yaba Makarov Oleg Grigorevich ngoko abatsha nangaziwayo.

biography

Award lo mntu baninzi. Waba kabini Hero eSoviet Union: ngo-1973 no 1978. Oleg Grigorevich Makarov wazalwa ngomhla wesithandathu ngoJanuwari 1933 kummandla yaseTver e Udomlya kwilali encinane kwisithili efanayo. uyise serviceman, yaye ngoko, umgca umsebenzi asoloko efuduswa ukusuka kwindawo ngeendawo. Xa wayeneminyaka emalunga iminyaka esixhenxe ubudala, intsapho yakhe waya eMoldova, apho kwakunjalo ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Umama kunye Oleg encinane babalekiswa kuqala e Saratov, ngoko e Fergana, Uzbekistan. Ukususela 1943 ukuya 1945 babehlala kummandla yaseTver ezilalini Kesova Gora. Emva kwemfazwe, uyise bafudukela Weimar eJamani. Apho Makarov Oleg Grigorevich wayehlala nentsapho yakhe ukususela 1945 ukuya th-1949. Weimar usapho waya kwisixeko Ukrainian ka Rivne. Apha ngowe-1951, le nkwenkwe bagqiba isikolo kwibanga leshumi.

ulutsha

iminyaka School Oleg Makarov senzeka enzima yemfazwe kunye minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe. ukuhamba rhoqo ukuya kwiindawo uninhabited apho mfana kwafuneka rhoqo bakuqhele iimeko ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho, baye bayeka uphawu yazo mlinganiswa. Kodwa ngowe-1951, xa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi Makarov usapho ubomi imeko yemali babuyela esiqhelweni, abazali wanikela unyana wakhe ukuba ahlale kwi Rivne apho ukuya ekholejini.

ISifundo ku Baumanke

Kodwa kakade umlinganiswa eqinileyo umfana wathi isigqibo sakhe. Makarov Oleg Grigorevich wakhetha indlela enzima kakhulu. Wagqiba ukuya eMoscow ukuba bangene ephakamileyo tehuchilische kubo. Bauman. Le samabanga aphakamileyo bafunda kumagosa ababekhonza kunye noyise.

Kwikomkhulu, Oleg wadibana umzala wakhe. Eugene ngexesha isafunda kunyaka wokugqibela MEI. Lo mfana wanceda umzalwana wakhe ngeenxa kwisixeko angaqhelekanga ukuze.

Ukuqala career professional

Lo mfana bangena eyunivesithi kwaye ufundwa kakuhle. idiploma kwakhe abakuyo esenzeka OKB-1, apho kamva ngokusondeleyo inxulumene ngobomi bakhe. emva kokugqiba isikolo esiphakamileyo kwicala Oleg Makarov iye aqeshiweyo kanye kule mbutho njengento engineer.

Phantse wonke umsebenzi umsebenzi wakhe wathatha indawo entlanganweni. I edumileyo bureau yoyilo okhokelwa ngokwakhe, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Yena ngoko nangoko wayethanda Makarov.

Oleg G. wasebenza kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ngexabiso kunye nendawo izixhobo lobunjineli, wathabatha inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo emhlabeni kunye moya. Yena intsebenziswano umbhali kwengxelo ekudalweni satellite koMhlaba kunye cosmonaut ebhodini. Makarov wathatha inxaxheba ngqo kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa ngoyilo i "Vostok" swi, ngaphezu koko, wayalela umsebenzi kuphuculo nqanawa. Namhlanje kukho bambalwa abantu, nangaphambi kokuba moya yokuqala emajukujukwini likwazile ukwenza kakhulu indawo, njengoko Oleg G ..

Jobs in lamabutho zobunjineli

Onesethi yokuqala yamaxwebhu cosmonauts yaqala ngo-1960. Xa iqela lokuqala zaba ngabaqhubi zomkhosi kuphela. Beka iyunithi kummandla eMoscow, kuloo ndawo apho namhlanje isebenza Cosmonaut Training Centre. Kwaba khona ukuba idolophu encinane yakhiwa, eyaziwa ehlabathini lonke ngokuba Star. Kamva olisebenzisileyo ukubhabha kunye iinjineli abanezakhono eziphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, oko kwasekwa elinye iqela. Kwakugcwele iinjineli, oosomajukujuku kunye cosmonauts-abaphandi. Yintsikelelo iKumkanikazi kwi squad emva axilongwe olunzima kakhulu sabhalwa ngowe-1966 no Makarov Oleg Grigorevich - ukuba ngusomajukujuku, ekwafuneka nobunzima kakhulu kwaye imide wolungiselelo ixesha phambi kokuba iphupha lakhe okubhabha kwindalo iphela engenasiphelo yazala.

inkqubo nenyanga

Ukususela ngowe-1967 Makarov ku-1968, kunye A. Leonov wayelungiselela ukuze aphaphazele aye enyangeni. Kodwa akazange athabathe ndawo. inkqubo Lunar ivaliwe ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela, aba imijukujelwa yokuwa ngexesha sungula lwabo abaziintloko phakathi kuyo yaqonda. Akuzange ukuba luyanyuka Makarova kwi DOS-2 - isikhululo ixesha elide.

Uvavanyo indawo yokuqala

Makarova iphupha ukuba kwisithuba sivulekile ukuba abe de kwangowe-1973. Kuphela kunyaka isikhumbuzo wamashumi omane Oleg G. wenza moya yayo yokuqala. Yena waba isithuba iintsuku ezintathu (27-29 Septemba). Eli qela ibe ngabantu ababini: a Makarov - injineli ukubhabha iziphekepheke "Soyuz-12" kunye Lazareva. Lo moya, abaninzi ekuthiwa okhethekileyo. Isibakala sokuba wokuqala emva kwengozi embi kwakhe ngowe-1971, emkhombeni cosmonauts V. potter, G. Dobrovolsky kunye V. Patsaeva ababekhwele.

Makarov and Vladimir various kwafuneka ukukhangela zonke izigqibo zoyilo nokwenza uphuculo zobugcisa, kwakunye namava efanela yakutshanje. Flight yaphela ngempumelelo. Kuba ubuqhawe nesibindi Makarov Oleg Grigorevich bawongwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union.

ingozi

le indiza elandelayo crew beziza kuphela usizi. Yesihlanu e-Epreli 1975 ngexabiso kunye Makarov and various waya ebhodini ngempumelelo ukusuka launch Baikonur. Noko ke, xa ibekwe ibe orbit yenzekile ngexesha likaxakeka. Kwathi ngexesha kwisiphekepheke wayelapha emhlabeni nomphakamo phantse amakhulu amabini km. Ngethamsanqa, kwabangela inkqubo ngohlangulo olungxamisekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, oosomajukujuku kwi philisi nokwehla izikhulu. Le meko yaba yintlekele yodwa. Oosomajukujuku baye bema amaxesha amabini ukucima kombane, apho kungekho mntu ngaphambili kwafuneka ukuba lwenzeke. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba umzimba womntu lingakulungele nje ukuba ezinjalo. Noko ke, Oleg Grigorevich Makarov (cosmonaut), njengoko, eneneni, kwaye VG various, waqeqeshwa kakuhle ukuze kusinda. Crew Mendi wawongwa Order of Lenin.

Zakuba ifakiwe kwimbali moya yovavanyo non-yabantu ezayo Makarova and various baba nombuzo. Noko ke, akazange acinge ngoko, Oleg G .. Umnqweno wakhe omkhulu kunye nesimo onamandla edityaniswe kunye nempilo entle kwamenza ukuba enze le usomajukujuku na iinqwelo ezimbini isithuba. Nangona kunjalo, ilungu crew yesibini VG various zange aphinde inxaxheba.

Intuthuko ukuhlolwa

Makarova wathabatha indiza elandelayo ngoJanuwari 1978, xa abe injineli moya kwi isiphekepheke "Soyuz-27" wafika kwisikhululo ixesha elide "Salyut-6". Eli qela Kwakhona V. Janibekov. Lulahla isikhululo baba oosomajukujuku Romanenko kunye Grechko.

yahlangana okokuqala kwimbali ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni ekunene kufutshane-Earth complex isithuba orbit, ukuba ubude malunga namashumi amathathu eemitha, kunye ubunzima - mathathu kwitoni nganye. Kwakugcwele kwesikhululo isithuba kwaye iziphekepheke ezimbini swi. oosomajukujuku abanamava begqibe umsebenzi wabo ngokupheleleyo yaye umsebenzi wophando engakholelekiyo. Yaba elinye inyathelo ukunyusa spaceflight ubude. Ngoko ke waqalisa inkqubo yokudala nesithuba izibonelelo enkulu uphando. Kuba le ndiza Makarov wafumana imbasa yesibini "Gold Star".

spaceflight lwakhe lokugqibela Oleg G. wenza eneminyaka engamashumi amane anesibhozo. Eyona njongo iphambili yale umkhankaso yaba ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yolawulo wobushushu kwisikhululo Orbital ixesha elide. Ubude yenzeka kwiintsuku ezilishumi. Lo msebenzi ngeyona mngeni, kodwa oosomajukujuku ukumelana nayo.

anika umdla

Ngowe-1980, Oleg G. wayikhuselayo ithisisi yakhe zesidanga kwamagqwetha of Sciences zobugcisa. Ngowe-1986, yena wagxothwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo umyalelo, wabuyela zobunjineli yayo engundoqo. Kwidolophu yakhe RSC "Energia", yena usesikhundleni isekela inkokeli.

Ekunye nomfazi wakhe, Valentina Soldatovoy Oleg Grigorevich badibana ngo-1960, i-OKB-1. Kulo nyaka mnye watshata. Ngowe-1961 esi sibini umntwana wokuqala wazalwa. Bebonke oonyana Makarov ababini. Ngowe-1998, Olegu Grigorevichu wenza CDB intliziyo utyando, kodwa yena akazange akwazi angachacha ngokupheleleyo. Wafa kabini Hero eSoviet Union Makarov Oleg i-yesibhozo amabini ka May 2003 at dacha yakhe ngaphandle eMoscow. Wayeneminyaka iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe ananye. Oleg G. wangcwatywa eMoscow Ostankino emangcwabeni.

Makarov akazange ukugcina yokugcina yobuqu, kodwa nentsapho yakhe bakwazi ukuqokelela isixa esikhulu zezibonelelo lize lizidlulisele kwiKomiti ukuya Museum Space. Uninzi lomsebenzi olwenziwe oonyana bakhe, encediswa ngoogxa evela kwiziko.