Yomthengisi - akusiwo umsebenzi yamandulo efana njengomzingeli, kodwa kwakuhlaziya umsebenzi endala kwicandelo loshishino, okt nemcimbi ejoliswe ngocwangco singangenelwa kurhwebo.
legumbi
Rus abathengisi sele kwinkulungwane IX. Ngelo xesha, kaNondyebo kaRhulumente yazaliswa unikelo ngenxa ikakhulu iirhafu kwizizwana oyiswe. Inqaku lesibini belingu ingeniso. Kubalulekile kwakhona injini inkqubela. Cities zakhiwa ikakhulu kunye nemilambo, waba iindlela zorhwebo. Ngokweerekhodi zembali kumaSkitiya ukuba akukho ezinye iindlela. imizi Coastal baba amaziko kuqala ezivenkileni, uze yobugcisa iphuhlisiwe kuzo. Mandulo Rus 'zabarhwebi - ayikho nje umrhwebi. Athanasius Nikitin, ilitye lesikhumbuzo leyo ifakelwe yaseTver, kwilizwe lakhe, yaye umhambi omkhulu, wayekhe wadlana "Beyond Seas ezintathu" kunye discoverer, kunye namazwe. A merchant odumileyo edume Novgorod Sadko kwaye zisetyenziswa ukuya emazantsi olwandle.
iindlela zorhwebo
Enkosi ukuba yanane urhwebo kunye nabameli bakhe Abarhwebi ezinjalo iindlela ezinkulu zorhwebo, njengoko 'ukusuka Vikings kwawesiGrike amaYuda "," Mkhulu Silk Road ", leyo ibizwa ngokuba" ekudibaneni lempucuko "," Milky Way ", edume" isiqhumiso Route "iminqamlezo wavula umArabhi Peninsula, kwaye nabanye abaninzi. Abarhwebi Russian bangabathetheli, kunyanzeleke ukuba ngandlel 'bahlukane irhafu engaphezulu zendalo okanye ukugcina imali, oko nikuchithele yokufuna ulwazi aphesheya. Yomthengisi - ukuba enikezwe oyintloko ngaloo mihla, "Kulungile eh phesheya il embi? Kwaye oko ekukhanyeni ummangaliso "-? Zibonakaliswa kuphela ngabameli lo msebenzi ezininzi.
iinguqu kaPetros wachukumisa bonke
Lo msebenzi waba umrhwebi ohloniphekileyo yaba nempahla ebalulekileyo lonke ixesha. On nezentengiselwano amavo Russian. izindlu yabathengisi Old Ngokufuthi uncedo karhulumente. Le Stroganovs acebe bafumanisa kumazwe ezintsha, ukwakha imizi-mveliso, iitempile zakhiwe. Ezinye izifundo zembali lubonisa ukuba uPetros I woyisa eyabarhwebi, yabulala iintlobo ezininzi zobugcisa Russian, wayemthanda nabathengisi ezixhasiweyo. Ukumkani wenza iinguqu, oko kukhokelele endala uphelisiwe umbutho "amakhulu" zabarhwebi, yaye endaweni labakhandi. Bona okulungileyo okanye okubi, kodwa ayizange baphulukana kumaKanan.
Elityebileyo nelihle
Abarhwebi aphuhliswe yaye wazuza amandla, abameli ilungileyo le dosluzhivalis yiklasi yonke ngaphambi bokunikeza ukuba zasebukhosini ukuze Merit okhethekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, Rukovishnikova. EMoscow ubukhosi wasungula umkhaya entle, kwaye Ivan Vasilyevich (1843-1901) lenyuka ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla yangasese uCeba. ubukhosi Novgorod, umseki ogama umfama wasisebenzisa, sele isizukulwana yesithathu baqala kwakucingwa ukuba iklasi eliphezulu. I Isaci kule ntsapho baba amazwi 'amaxhoba nokugada. " Kunjalo wathi inani elungileyo kakhulu noosomashishini Russian. Kule sengqondo ekhethekileyo umrhwebi lwasekhaya. merchant Russian - kwiimeko ezininzi le injinga umxhasi. Amagama yezona zinkulu labathengi, abarhwebi, inkumbulo, wazishiya indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali Russian. Ngubani na ongazaziyo yomthengisi Tretyakov, umseki yobuciko egameni lakhe. Nabani na nokuba wayeqhelene kancinci kunye nembali weRashiya, yazi amagama kunye nezenzo ngabameli ilungileyo le zeklasi - Indlovu kunye Morozov (edume Savva Morozov) Naydenova kunye Botkins, Shchukin kunye Prokhorov. Inani elikhulu ezibhedlele, izindlu uthando, iinkundla kunye namathala eencwadi zakhiwa ngabarhwebi mali Russian.
Imifanekiso ye ezintle nezimbi
Noko ke, iincwadi Russian kunokuba umfanekiso onganambithekiyo kumaKanan. imidlalo abaninzi ngu Ostrovsky wagculelwa bume zabarhwebi, kwaye yomrhwebi - oko kunokuba elinamandla wengcibi ngaphezu indoda efundile nesisa. Abarhwebi Kustodievskie nomi epitomize yintoni enyemba ngokuba "umthengisi incasa." Ukudibanisa umfanekiso onganambithekiyo nokubuyekezwa iimpawu basemzini. Kulo mba, siphawula ukuba Russian, apho iintlanga basabela kakuhle, angenzi nto ingako. uluvo lwabo akafanele. Ababhali abadumileyo wenza intlekisa abarhwebi. Kodwa Kalashnikov Lermontov kuhle kakhulu. Yagxila imisebenzi engcono yabathengisi - ukunyaniseka, ingqibelelo, isibindi, kunye nokuzimisela ukuba banike ubomi babo ngenxa yegama elihle ngumntu omthandayo. Kwakukho, Kakade ke, kule meko, kunye ubuxoki. Kunye nokusingqongileyo apho ntoni na? Kwaye ngoko ke, abarhwebi, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, yahlulwa yi labakhandi. Ngu "yesithathu" ezinokuthi ziquke naziphi abantu kukungakhathali nekomkhulu amancinane (500 engange). Kodwa ke abarhwebi abazizityebi Russian abahlala phambi kwabo bonke, cinga brand yabo, abaninzi kubo waba bancinane bathi abantu yesazela yaye unyanisekile, yaye fanatically ngokunyaniseka. "Umthengisi elithi" - kungekhona lamandulo. Kakade ke, asizizo zonke iintengiselwano zenziwa ngamazwi kuphela. Kodwa eli lizwi yonke yomrhwebi ukugcina tight, kungenjalo loo nto ayimenzi abe banentsomi ngengqiqo ezilungileyo zelizwi.