Gzhel painting: iipateni kwabasaqalayo. Gzhel zaveza indlela tableware

Gzhel, idolophu encinane kummandla eMoscow - embindini ubuchule odumileyo Russian lokuloba. Ityholo Gzhel kuthiwa uhlala kwintsimi enkulu kwaye ibandakanya iilali-27, apho abemi kudala wabandakanyeka nokupeyinta ezahlukeneyo iimveliso ezenziwe porcelain emhlophe kunye zodongwe. Imbali Gzhelian lokuloba inokulandwa ngenkulungwane ye-14, ukususela kanye ngelaa xesha xa, kufuphi eMoscow wafumana idipozithi ngodongwe esisityebi. Le nkcazelo yaba ibhegi mixed: maleko elula ebomvu "shirevki" ibekwe umphantsi nomphezulu, umaleko ephantsi underlain "Akubar" lipholi umbala omthubi, yaye ukuzolula "mylovka" ejulile - udongwe emhlophe nokuthantamisa, izinto omhle ezivelisa imveliso yephondo kunye zodongwe iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

izidingo avumba limnandi

Ezinye ixesha ngodongwe ezimhlophe ukwenza izitya kunye nezinye izinto zasekhitshini. Emva koko kwafika avumba limnandi wakuvakala umthetho wokumkani eyalela ukuthumela zonke izinto ukwenza ukuba eMoscow neemfuno zonyango yaye amayeza. Ukuveliswa cookware yalibaziseka, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile zivuliwe imali eyongezelelweyo ngodongwe emhlophe, yaye ngaloo ndlela impahla iye ngokwaneleyo kunye nakwiikhemisti ukuvelisa izinto zodongwe. Xa impahla eninzi ekrwada isuka i yobugcisa yokuluka ebizwa Gzhel.

World udumo

Gzhel zaveza, iipateni, anesibambiso isimbo esithile, waqalisa ukusasaza eRashiya. Artists okokuqala baye basebenzisa ngepeyinti owahlukileyo wekoki. Ke Gzhel ukupeyinta, iipateni, ukuzoba imixholo kunye nesimbo ngokubanzi yatshintsha kancinane. Iskim basic Umbala yaba blue ngepeyinti ayibe eliqaqambileyo. Ukususela ngoko, Gzhel ukupeyinta, apho abantu obathandayo bafane kulo lonke ihlabathi, waba intlanganisela ezaziwa imibala ezimbini - ezimhlophe oluhlaza. Iimveliso lokwenene musa ukuvumela naziphi na ezinye abangasekhoyo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, igcisa angasebenzisa ipeyinti igolide ukuba ubuciko lula.

kweentyatyambo

Le ukupeyinta Gzhel odumileyo (iiphatheni, zobuhlalu, imixholo iintyatyambo, yaye phi oko isiseko indlela ekhethekileyo wobugcisa) yaphuhliswa ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kumakhaya abazizityebi eRashiya kucingwe ifomu elungileyo ukubeka lokudlela etafileni gzhel porcelain izitya. Okokuqala emva lo ubuzwe, ukuzingca kwilizwe labo. Ukongeza, amacwecwe eziluhlaza namhlophe kunye tureens baba ukuxabiseka sitshiphu Meissen imveliso yephondo.

Lemifanekiso kwi imveliso iye kuphela kwimixholo Russian. Kuzingela ehamba nezinja, aduda umngcelele zomkhosi Easter kunye nezinye iziganeko ezininzi ubhalo Russian ngokwenene ezotywe dinnerware. Ngenxa yoko, Gzhel ukupeyinta, apho iipateni ichotshelweyo ifana ngomoya ukuya baseRashiya, yaye kuya kusanda ukuthandwa.

handwork

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 abalimi eMoscow baye bazama ukubeka ukuveliswa kweemveliso eziluhlaza nezimhlophe phezu komlambo, kodwa ingcamango akuphumelelanga. Gzhel zipeyintwe yoyilo zokubhala kufuneka nakanjani kwenziwe ngesandla abaculi abanamava abakwaziyo ukutyala umphefumlo wabo umsebenzi. isicelo umzobo Mechanical itshabalalisa undoqo zobugcisa, imveliso iba engenabuntu.

Gzhel beqabe, iipatheni iziyilo, amanani zejiyometri okanye izicaphulo ebomini lali - konke oku kubangelwa lomsebenzi woyilo amagcisa anetalente esebenza amashishini zobugcisa esizwe kunye nokuchwela "Gzhel bush." Uphawu lokuqala ubuchule umzobi xa umzobo kuba phambi halftones xa blue sakuba icala ezinye elikhanyayo uvakale.

Gzhel painting: iipatheni

Imbali, zalo bayo ubuncwane, Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu kwisityalo, amagqabi kwi izithole ezibhityileyo ... Lo mxholo classic Gzhel ukupeyinta. Izityalo abazotywe ngayo ifomu ngeqanda, kodwa iimpawu zayo luphawu kuhlaziywa, currants ayikwazi mazingabhidaniswa a snowball, kunye gooseberries ayikwazi ngokuba rosehips, nangona zonke izityalo, iintyatyambo kunye amaqunube umbala ofanayo oqaqambileyo oluhlaza.

isihloko yabantwana

Inxalenye ebonakalayo kubugcisa Gzhel impahla enikelwe abantwana. Kukuba amahashe kunye iindlovu, namaesile, namaxhamxwa, ornamented kunye neenqwelwana kaloliwe, iimoto kunye moya, apho akhoyo Gzhel ukupeyinta. Iiphatheni for abantwana ekuhambiseni njengabantu abadala, kodwa umntu onoxanduva kakhulu ngakumbi indlela kumsebenzi wegcisa. akufuneki sibe sihle Umntwana kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Ngoko ke, abazobi, ukuqala ukuya izinto ukupeyinta kunye neemveliso nabanye abantwana Range, zama ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono.

oomasifundisane

Izayamaniso industrial Gzhel intsomi lobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla basebenza kwicandelo uqeqesho abafuna ukuba nobuchule yokudweba. Amagcisa elizayo izifundo ezizodwa yokusondela kunye nobuchwepheshe yokudala porcelain odumileyo eziluhlaza namhlophe, wabagagamela olu hlobo lobuciko, ngathi ukupeyinta Gzhel. Iiphatheni kwabasaqalayo lula, kodwa inkqubo yokufunda inezi izigaba ezininzi.

izifundo zokuqala ziquka ipateni zokufunda, yaye ngokukodwa, ukusetyenziswa yakhiwe elizayo zalo mfanekiso. Izitrowuku isicelo umzobo ipensile medium ethambileyo kuhlobo kwiphepha iphepha ngaphandle koxinzelelo, ukuze ndikwazi ukuyicima irabha kakubi umgca esiphawuliweyo.

Emva kokuba aya ukuzoba ukulungele, unako uqale umbala. umfanekiso isampuli Kungcono wenze emanzini-enyibilikayo ipeyinti - lemifanekiso, acrylic okanye gouache. Brush ilungele mhlawumbi, kodwa ngenxa ukubala, ungasebenzisa inombolo 2. On intwana lwephepha olwahlukileyo kufuneka wenze imigca embalwa ukuya kuthabatha umbala oluhlaza, saturation egqibeleleyo. Emva koko kufuneka uzame ukuzoba intyatyambo. Ukuba umfanekiso ephepheni laba kakuhle, ngoko ke isigaba esilandelayo bangaqalisa ukupeyinta iimveliso yodongwe.

Iintlobo lokusondela

has a iyelenqe kunye nomzobo weendawo kusetyenziswa xa iteknoloji kuyimfuneko idathabheyisi venture nganye Gzhelian wemveliso of ngodongwe. Ezahlukeneyo Gzhel ukupeyinta, iipateni, imifanekiso, imifanekiso, khuphela - zonke aye unobangela, xa ufuna olunye uthotho iimveliso.

batch Yahlula zavelisa iimveliso igunya xa imveliso ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni zigcinwa kwi ubume kuphela. imilo yabo yahlukile, ukupeyinta ekhethekileyo. Le Gzhel kakhulu iingcali ithathwa bazama ukuba athenge le mveliso ethile. Iimveliso Okokuqala-class kwahluka kufundisiso oluqhelekileyo eneenkcukacha mzobo. Umculi uzoba bokuqonda lincinane, kwaye ngenxa yoko wobugcisa lokwenyaniso intsomi Gzhelian zobugcisa.

Phumeza

Kutshanje bekukho isithethe elungileyo - xa imveliso Gzhel ukuvula ivenkile kulwazi imveliso weengcibi zasekuhlaleni. Imisebenzi yobugcisa baba ezikhoyo, ukhetho wanda. amashishini ezinkulu zokuloba Gzhelian baqalisa ukuvelisa superservizov, ezifana nezo zinikwa lenkundla kwinkulungwane ye-19. Abameli izizukulwana abadala bakhumbula iiseti dinnerware izinto 120 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwakukho iiseti kunye nabantu ezincinane i-12 kuzo izinto 84. Yinto encinane kakhulu, kuba ezimbini, othi "Tete-a-uTete." Inkonzo nkqu umntu omnye, umfanekiso omncinane, leyo kuthiwa "Egoist".

bodwa The Tsar kaThixo

Ngaloo mihla a lot of iimveliso ukhathalelo Gzhel amazwe. BaseYurophu amazwe impahla iinqwelo yabaninizo Russian. Le nto ke wayiqhuba isithuba ixesha elide de umthengi engundoqo imveliso mveliso wayengekho isebe zobuncwane asebukhosini Russian. Ngokukhawuleza kukho bodwa, nto leyo alawula imveliso Gzhel, yaye ukususela ngoko, zonke iimveliso ezithunyelwa ekugcinwa kaNondyebo.

amathuba

Ngokwangoku gzhel kwemfuno kunangaphambili. Mveliso kunye noomasifundisane ezincinane lusebenzise ngokupheleleyo. Bonke abemi ekuthiwa-ityholo Gzhel benza ekuvelisweni a iseramikhi beqabe likhephu-emhlophe.