Foundation mfumba: ncomo. Screw mfumba-siseko. isisekelo inqwaba Monolithic

Ngaphandle kwesiseko akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso nayiphi na indlu, akukho ngaphezulu okanye kakhulu ngaphantsi isakhiwo kwisayithi ipoma. Ingxaki nje kukuba iindleko isiseko esihle iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko kusoloko kukho isilingo ukuba bakhangele ezinye ngakumbi cheap, kodwa ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukhetho.

Enye yazo imfumba lesiseko. Ukuphonononga lubonisa ukuba iimpawu zayo zikhona ezaneleyo-avareji cottage lizwe, singasathethi ke leebhate kunye nezinye izakhiwo zasekhaya. Namhlanje sijonga nje kuphela iimpendulo lwabathengi, kodwa izizathu ezibangela kubo. Le yokugqibela ibaluleke gqitha njengoko isifundo esebenzayo kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba iziseko elifanelekileyo ukukhethwa indlu.

Kutheni iziseko igoqo athandwa kangaka?

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngesiseko indlu ukhetha liyanda inani developers. Kutheni na ngaphezu ubuchwepheshe sele idlula iinketho ixesha kuvavanywa kwaye zithembeke ngokupheleleyo?

• Okokuqala, kuba isantya. Apho kunjalo uya kufumana isiseko inokwenziwa ngosuku olunye?
• Okwesibini, cheapness. Sisazi ukuba iindleko zesamente esoloko ukwandisa, ixabiso estrip isiseko eqhelekileyo na isibhakabhaka-phezulu.
• Ukongeza, isiseko onjalo kuba likhaya wayelele phantsi ukutshabalala, njengokuba kwakunye nemiqathango ye permafrost.
• Ukuba ubuchwepheshe amanqaku encwadi iye singaphunyezwa ngokuchanekileyo, isiseko ayikho prosyadet, kwaye ndlu iya kuba bekhuselekile kuyo nayiphi na imiqathango.

ncomo Customer zibonisa ukuba nje ezimbalwa iiveki, bakha indlu ikhaka epheleleyo, sibambe ubuchwepheshe imfumba. Ezinye abakhi baye baqaphela ukuba ixabiso eliphantsi yezikhala wavunyelwa ukuba ahlale kwalapha mali, akuba ndikwakhele indlu enesidima kakhulu. Hi ndlela leyi, isiseko esijijwayo mfumba, ixabiso apho malunga 13-14 amawaka engange, iyafumaneka phantse kuzo zonke isakhono kowu.

Iindleko kwenqumba omnye (76 mm ubukhulu) imalunga 1200 engange. Kwi-avareji indlu enye ngaphakathi ziimfumba ezilishumi.

ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nobuchwepheshe

Ngendlela, ukuba kwenziwa njani ukubeka olu hlobo siseko? Nanjengoko igama layo lixela, kuba sisiseko yezikhala iqhosha lemenyu. Yakhiwa ngentsimbi, kwaye isiphelo isiqalelo ngasinye noshowo ibe likhaba (njengoko ice ngezikhonkwane) zenzelwe ukuba ungamngcwabi ngayo emhlabeni. Kodwa nale ngongoma ethile kwaye uqale iimbambano ezininzi.

Umntu ucinga ukuba ulwakhiwo kufuneka kungcwatywa kuphela ngoncedo koomatshini abanzima, umntu unyanzelisa yokuba ukulungiselela ezi njongo kukuba manual iqela kakhulu ezifanelekileyo amandla abasebenzi abaya ukufaka isiseko yingqumba. Ukuzoba kunjalo nje ukunika inkampani efanayo apho kuqeshwe iingcali. Ngoko kwenzeka kakhulu atshiphu, kwaye inkqubo zokuhlala, ungenza iingcebiso zabo ezakhayo.

izinto ezimbi

Kufuneka wenze kuphambuko kuso, echaza ubuthathaka obu bugcisa. Ukuba abathengi abazi kwangaphambili, ngoko ke ipesenti disaffected kungandisa.

• Ukuba Friend lomhlaba (siya kuthi ngakumbi ngaloo ngezantsi), jija isikhonkwane-igoqo-isiseko abanako walala. Inyaniso kukuba xa uzama ukujija kubo imfumba, yayisoma kunye namathuba ephakamileyo linokonakala, ebenza isichenge umhlwa ukuzila. Kakade ke, unako ukusebenzisa ubuchule ezikhethekileyo, kodwa uya kwandisa ngokubonakalayo iindleko zomsebenzi.
• Ukongeza, ukuba zibe ziimfumba abalufumani lokukhuselwa kwiinkqubo umhlwa, akukho nto intle kubhetele ukuba alinde.
• iziphene imfumba ezijijekileyo ayisekho hlola.

Ngaphezu koko, kwindlu elizweni, nto leyo imvelaphi inyuselwa khona phezu kwesiseko, akunakwenzeka ukuba wenze ongaphantsi. Oku kwenza nje kuphela kube nzima ukugcina amalungiselelo zasekhaya, kodwa unako ukwenza ukufumana indlu yasebusika mnandi, njengoko kuyabanda imigangatho.

Abantu abaninzi abonwabanga kunye nokukhetha kwabo isiseko kuphela ngenxa yokuba abaphathi iinkampani zokwakha kubanjwa nje ulwazi. Khumbula, ngokufuthi ngolangazelelo iziseko ode imfumba ukucula ezo iinkampani bafuna kuphela inzuzo. Ukuba inkampani enkulu, iingcali ayo nayiphi na imeko ukuba alumkise abantu abanokuba ngabathengi malunga neengxaki kunokwenzeka neentsilelo zobugcisa ezicacileyo.

Nenye. Ubomi inkonzo izindlu iziseko igoqo azifane ngaphaya kweminyaka 100-120, ngoko ukwakha "indlwane" akuyi kuphumelela. Oku kufuneka kuqatshelwe engqondweni. Noko ke, jija isikhonkwane mfumba-lesiseko, ixabiso apho lincinane kakhulu, akufane ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo omkhulukazi. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba wamisa nemiqolomba ezincinane lizwe, eyenzelwe iminyaka losapho ngabantu ababini okanye abathathu.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko, xa zitsho yingozi ubukhulu indlu omhle kakhulu. Kunokwenzeka, kodwa ke kuya kufuneka ukuba basebenzise izixhobo kunazo.

Dig okanye ukwemba?

Amaxesha amaninzi sifunda ncomo embi evela kubantu waqesha abasebenzi zitsho emgodini manual. Bathi ukuba isiseko "ohamba" lesiseko kuluhlu 40-50 cm! Yintoni ingxaki? Yintoni ubuchwepheshe esemthethweni?

Qaphela ukuba kakhulu ithanda zombini iindlela. Kodwa! Kubalulekile ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba instillation lomqulu kufuneka zilandele ngqo imithetho ethile, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi atyeshelwa ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kuzo zonke imiyalelo nto ithi njengeemfumba kufuneka ziqinisiwe ukusuka ekuqaleni, ngaphandle naziphi imingxuma ezongezelelweyo. Enyanisweni, kubalulekile yokulungisa isuntswana umhlaba, ukuqinisekisa kwicala elichanekileyo yokuhambisa. Kuba oku kuqala kufuneka umbe umngxuma omncinane (hayi ngaphezulu kwe 15-20 cm). It lifakwa mfumba, leyo aqalile bajije ngesandla.

ethile

Nendlela, xa kusenziwa, wenze sisiseko imfumba? Ukuphonononga zibonisa ukuba malunga iteknoloji intetho isifundo akayi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, owokuqala kusembiwa emngxunyeni omkhulu enzulwini nje iimitha ezimbalwa, ngoko, ukuba ufaka le mfumba, igeza ngokuphinda-phinda, uze ulifefe kulo mhlaba sonile. Ngokwendalo, ukuthembeka kolu hlobo akukho yokwakha. Xa imvula wokuqala ukuhlamba emhlabeni, yaye imfumba ziya Hawking.

Ukongezelela, abantu badla ingxelo ukuba ngexesha igoqo rhoqo gungqa, ukuze kube lula qinisa kubo. Ngoko ke musa kuyo nayiphi na imeko akunakwenzeka! abasebenzi enjalo kufuneka ithunyelwe umva. Kwenqwaba kwabo nzima-iphekiweyo, kodwa ke loo nto kuphela isibini iminyaka imfumba isiseko indlu bangase prosest - kunye nekhaya lakho ukucezela. Ngenxa yoko, inkoliso izimvo ezimbi ezinxulumene ne-non ukuthobela technology nezolo. Kubuhlungu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba kwezi ziseko ehlabathini lonke baye kwaba kuphela kwicala ezintle.

Ngaphezu koko, abathengi abaninzi balihlutha ingcamango manic eyongiweyo: abantu 'noqoqosho' ezinjalo ngamanye amaxesha akhethwe imfumba metal ibe 2 mm zamafu, uze ezikhala ukunqamka isiseko. Qaphela yokuthi isniphu: iziseko mfumba ezenziwe ngentsimbi ubuncinane 4 mm zamafu. Mark metal - 20, ekubeni ubuncinane 10-15% eyomeleleyo ngaphezu yentsimbi-wesithathu lophawu, nto leyo osetyenziswa rhoqo luninzi kwiinkampani zokwakha.

Okubalulekileyo!

abathengi abaninzi akhalaze kwiinkampani nankathalo, zinto ezo benza umsebenzi wabo kakuhle. Izimvo zamva nje ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ufuna ukuzisa abasebenzi ukuba bajije mfumba, uvavanyo ukuqinisa - elwe!

Musa ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zeenkampani ukuba uchithe naye olova. Nangona ubukho kweziphumo Geodesy e ngaphezulu okanye nzulu ngaphantsi iimaleko umhlaba kunokuba okuninzi lamatye ezilulwalwa, kunye neminye imiqobo eyenza kube nzima ukuba namagama isiseko. Ixabiso lo msebenzi xa aphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kulungile.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uthenga nje imfumba kwi kumthengisi, iyunithi enye iya kuxabisa malunga ne 1,200 engange, ngoxa ukunye zokomba uvavanyo kunye iqhiya nokolula, ixabiso layo ivuke engange 1,300 okanye ngaphezulu. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ngaba awunayo amava umsebenzi wokwakha, kubhetele ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zeengcali abaye wazibeka iziseko ezinjalo ngaphambili.

Exposure - kuqala!

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba xa bephosa isiseko tape kufuneka alinde ixesha elithile, ngexesha apho eziphathekayo eso sinyangekile ngokwaneleyo. Strange, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile bantu ngokuhlonela Qiniseka ukuba unako ukusebenzisa isiseko esijijwayo ablowu isibini kweeyure emva linegunya.

Makube lee oko! Iingcali zithi le kuku anike ziimfumba ubuncinane ngonyaka, apho ekugqibeleni kuya sofinyela nokwakhiwa komhlaba nokukhusela. Ukuba niphuthuma, Ayisalungele nto ziya kuza, kwaye kukho ncomo ngumsindo apho abantu bayakhalaza malunga omnye iintsilelo zobuchwepheshe.

Isidingo survey geodetic

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ziimfumba akufunekanga ziqinisiwe "abamamkelayo", yaye ngokuhambelana kunye sokucinga. Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe kufuneka ngokuba iingcali ezivela Geodetic Survey uze ufumanise ubunzulu zomaleko oxineneyo umhlaba. Kubalulekile ukuba inqanaba labo abeke isiseko enjalo, kuba kungenjalo igoqo ekugqibeleni uya kuba evakalala kancinci emhlabeni ethambileyo.

Khumbula ukuba kunqweneleka ukuba cap nesamente imfumba isiseko ngoko nangoko, ngokungathi ixesha kumthulula inxalenye eziphathekayo kwesakhiwo, amathuba yimfumba zokutenxa liyehla.

Ukubaluleka phambi kwi zokuhamba komsebenzi

Isimanga, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile uninzi lwabemi abazalwana bethu Balibele ngale iinkcukacha encinane. Enoba yintoni igama na inkampani yokwakha, kodwa wena (okanye ummeli wakho) kufuneka ibe khona. Sele wakhankanya ukuba abasebenzi kufuneka abanaluncedo kwi ubunzima namacebo lula le nkqubo, kodwa hayi nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka.

Ukongeza, kufuneka ngoko nangoko ahlole umgangatho womsebenzi, nokufotwa inkqubo ngokupheleleyo, ukuqala Kumanqanaba okuqala, xa kukho imfuneko. Ukuphonononga lubonisa ubukho ezinjalo umbandela kuthathwa naliphi na ibango ngokukhawuleza. Nkqu abakhi zingakhathaliyo kulo mzekelo, bakhetha ukusombulula umba ngoxolo, kuba kungenjalo inkundla iya kuma phezu kwicala le nkonzo.

amava yokuyisebenzisa zezindlu kwi izikrufu igoqo-Ground

Inqaku lethu wayeza kuba kude ngokupheleleyo ukuba akazange uxoxe amava bobuqili izakhiwo ukuqhuba leso bafakwa isiseko esijijwayo yingqumba. Ngoko ke, yintoni unika imfumba isiseko? Uhlaziya eziphikisanayo, kodwa eminye imixholo eziqhelekileyo basekhona.

Okokuqala, phantse zonke bemizi bathi phantsi kwi ingqele ebusika. Le nto yenzeka xa indlu ufake kuyo endle, kwiindawo ongavalelwanga kocingo ubuncinane. Umoya isithuba free phakathi nangezikhala kunye nekhaya, ukuqinisekisa zizinze (kwaye ebalulekileyo) ilahlekelwe bubushushu. Uyakwazi ukubona lula ukuba isiseko mfumba, ethe ifoto kweli nqaku, onokususa indlu phezu ukuphakama endilisekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, ndiya ukucebisa ukwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Qiniseka ukuba unombombiya emgangathweni izinto zale mihla, ngokungasilibali njengomqobo umphunga.
• Khusela ucingo umjikelezo okanye izithuba ezinokunciphisa isantya somoya.
• Ekugqibeleni, ebusika kuwe ikhephu kufuneka obkidyvat indlu, ukuvala umsantsa phakathi emhlabeni kunye phantsi.

Yona uqinile, kusesemini kusekutsha kakhulu ukuba naziphi na izigqibo. Ukanti akukho namnye ekhaya, ubeke phezu kwemoto Screw kwilizwe lethu, nkqu sabhiyozela unyaka wamashumi amahlanu. Noko ke, abanikazi musa uqaphele ukuba uselenexesha na ukuphazamiseka musa kuvela (ngaphandle kokuba imeko technology disorder).

Ngokubanzi, ngoxa lo bugcisa kwi kwizikhewu ezikule welizwe lethu liye ngokwayo kakuhle, ngoko akukho sizathu ekhethekileyo ukusisebenzisa.

Ithekhinoloji isiseko imfumba monolithic

Kwinxalenye yokuqala yale nqaku wajonga imfumba isiseko eqhelekileyo. Iimpendulo ngaye kunokuba eziphikisanayo, kodwa siye safumanisa ukuba phantse zonke iimeko, ezinye izinto ezimbi ziphantse lonke zenzeka ngenxa yeziphene okanye abakhi ngokwabo, okanye abaxumi abo na ezilawulwa ngabasebenzi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba jikelele uhlobo yezikhala nje qha. Akukho kuzo zonke iimeko ukuba nako ukubahluthisa iimfuno zakho ze ezahlukeneyo ephotheneyo, ngoko namhlanje siza kuxubusha isiseko mfumba monolithic, ngokusekelwe ingxelo evela kubathengi.

Enyanisweni, abakhi babiza olu hlobo iziseko "isiseko pier yokugungxula" loo nto yokunqanda siqwalasele ukusuka kwenye indawo. Nje xa kunokwenzeka ukuba akukho ziqinisiwe ngaphandle kwaye ezaliswe ngekhonkrithi endaweni. Ngokwahlukileyo kubuchwepheshe echazwe ngentla-olitshivela bamkelekile. Okokuqala, lo efunekayo eweva umngxuma bepali ngezansi yayo wathulula ibhedi intlabathi enamandla, lomelela ngakumbi, uze ugalele udaka eziphathekayo.

Inxalenye eliphezulu imvelaphi inyuselwa khona grillage edityaniswe isakhiwo iphela a litye lesikhumbuzo single ukuba iimpawu amandla kakhulu. Ziziphi iingenelo ngale ndlela?

• Okokuqala, kulula kakhulu ukufumana Indlela kugrunjwa kunokuba bajije yingqumba.
• It is akazokuthintelwa ngokumba ukuze ukwazi ngoko nangoko uqhelane kunye iimpawu zomhlaba.
• Akukho ingozi ukuba igoqo yonakele okanye gqitha, njengoko ukuzaliswa yayo kwenziwa ngqo kwi sayithi.
• ikhonkrithi Good isetyenziselwa kangangeenkulungwane kwakunye nabo banqwenela ukwenza eyakho "yentaka 'yabo ibonisa isiseko yimfumba monolithic. Technology kubonisa ukuba le ndlu iya kuma ixesha elide.

baqinisekiswa umthengi

Njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, kufuneka nixoxe imvakalelo ngoko nangoko abo bahlala ezindlwini ezinjalo. Okokuqala, abasebenzisi baye ingxelo kancinci lweebhukmakhi (xa kuthelekiswa ne ziimfumba helical). Oku zincitshiswe umgangatho mkhulu lo msebenzi, ukuba kolawulo yokulungiselela eziphathekayo, nokuba abasebenzi zingakhathaliyo kuya kuba nzima ukumosha into.

abakhi abanamava baphawula ukuba akukho yimfuneko ukwemba umngxuma esikhulu isibini obuziimitha enzonzobila. Ngokuba avareji indlu ilizwe lanele ukubaqhelisa iqula ukuya kubunzulu-80 cm. Kubalulekile! Xa nokubuyekezwa, abaninzi bazama ukuba ufake apho ligquba lokufaka (ilitye nakhandiweyo, yezitena kutyunyuzwa). Loo ufakelo loseko imfumba ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo.

Ngoko ukuba wenze, amava abonisa ukuba njengeemfumba ezinjalo badla ngothanda, ngelixa ecocekileyo ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi abantu behleli-apho nga kuma iminyaka. Kudla kukho amabali ukuba ngexesha kususwa elidala (e North yezikhala asetyenziselwa ixesha elide) kwimiqolo eziphathekayo (njengoko iminyaka 60-70) zazimbi egqibeleleyo, lo gama uninzi ukwakhiwa sele kudala wahlala trash kuphela.

Okubalulekileyo! Xa kungekho tyala musa ukusebenzisa likufanelekele welding, ngenxa bathele iziseko! Izimvo ezinye abakhi zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa izisombululo esinjalo sikhokelela nokuqhekeka kunye deformation le imfumba. Eyona nto kukuba sikhokelo yandisa kumele lukwazi (ezinithiweyo) ukuba babele ngokulungelelana umthwalo esivulekayo mbandela.

isakhiwo welding akwenziwa ngokwezi mfuno, kwaye ngoko ke kunokubangela neentanda. Abanye abathandi ukuphumla ilizwe, leyo ngokuzimeleyo wathulula isiseko imfumba monolithic, badla qaphela ukuba kwimeko neentanda kugunyaziso iqala ndzulu ngokukhawuleza emanzini. Isiphumo kusengaphambili: ngokudleka esebenzayo nentshabalalo imfumba. Musa ukuphinda iimpazamo zabanye, ukwenza uyilo kweziseko imfumba!

Kuphela ukhetho for kwimihlaba samadoda

Lomhlaba, leyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile (ixesha ezibandayo) unako emangalisayo ukutshintsha uqwalaselo zabo, ngokoqobo vspuchivayas phezu kwamanzi, ngokuba samadoda. Basimisela intloko yokwenene phantse bonke abakhi kunye nabo bahlala usasazo.

Kwaye nje igoqo isiseko efanayo (ixabiso mncane ngokwenene), apho ibekwe ngezantsi amazinyo umhlaba akulinikwanga ngako oko lusindiso lokwenene. Njengoko ingxelo yi abahlali ezindlwini yasekelwa, akukho nokugqwethwa isiseko ke azabonakala, ngoxa luqhwemesha-uhlobo iziseko eqhelekileyo ngokoqobo "iinyembezi" kwi kunyaka wesibini okanye wesithathu ukusebenza ekhaya.