Sforza uvala (Milan)

Xa isixeko Italian ka Milan na Sforza Castle, imbali lakhe ezinxulumene amahla ndinyuka, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokutsha elide kakhulu. Ngenxa yemigudu restorers Italian kunye nabayili bezakhiwo namhlanje nabani na ofuna ukuba babe nethuba lokuba babubone iinqaba ezindala kunye neendonga, uhamba nge nqaba.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Njengezinye ezininzi ezikhumbuzo, Castello Sforzesco, njengoko ibizwa ngokuba Inqaba abavela, wema ngxi izakhiwo kunokuba yamandulo. I yokuqala zokuzifaka apha kwakhiwa apha kwinkulungwane XIV usapho Visconti, ngubani kulawulwa ixesha elide ukuba uthathe amandla e Milan ezandleni zabo, yaye kamva ukuba ndazithoba zonke iidolophu eziyingqongileyo.

Of Gian Galeatstso I Viskonti ndakwazi ukwandisa kuphela impembelelo yawo emizini kumbindi Itali, Siena kunye Pisa, kodwa ukuba bathenge ngokwabo neendlalifa zabo dukedom. nenzala yakhe ayikwazi ukudibanisa ukuya Duchy ka Milan amazwe amatsha. Ngenxa iimfazwe ezininzi eVenice e Milan ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XV, umzi-karhulumente, uphulukene abaninzi nemimandla oyiswe.

Emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1447 wokugqibela usapho Visconti - Duke uFilippo Maria - abemi enemvukelo isixeko wavakalisa kwiRiphabliki iAmbrose kunye nqaba ngabunye kumbuso kwama Roma awayelawula.

izigaba zokwakha

Kodwa nantsi ishishini vetshe ngokuphathelele kulo Republic pretty ezimbi, yaye ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi zomkhosi Venetians Milan walahlekelwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye nommandla wayo. Abahlali isixeko sungule ku kambisisa kuba yinkokeli eyomeleleyo wamema nanceba emkhosini Francesco Sforza, kuqala ababekhonza Visconti kunye zendela le ntsapho. Ngowe-1450, i-Milan Yeengwevu wamnika dukedom. Kulo nyaka, Francesco Sforza waqala ukwakha inqaba e Milan, nto leyo yokuhlala ocacile Noluyolo ducal, kodwa nje isakhiwo enamandla ukuzithethelela. Ukuze kusetyenziswe le sicwangciso siye bamenywe nabayili udume kangaka ngexesha njengoko Antonio Filarete, Bartolomeo Gadio, Marcoleone da Nogarolo, Jacopo da Cortona kunye nabanye abaninzi. Phantsi kolwalathiso lowo yokuqala wakha inyango esembindini, kodwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweendonga ezinkulu ukuzithethelela neenqaba ezine ikona ukuzithethelela iposelwe Bartolomeo Gadio.

Ngowe-1446 Francesco Sforza wafa, Uzikhaphe Milan waba unyana wakhe omdala - Galeazzo Maria (Galeazzo Maria Sforza). Xa Sforza Castle gqolo ukuphuhlisa ukuze baphumeze umsebenzi wokwakha, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi omtsha Milan ubhala bezakhiwo iingcibi uFlorence. Emva kokubulawa Galeazzo ngo 1467 umfazi wakhe, Bona of savoy, ukuzama ukukhusela yena, wakha yingxonde ixesha Bona - Torre di Bona e Rochetta - nakwezona nxalenye eziKhuselweyo yale nqaba.

Ixesha yeeMfazwe Italian

Ngubani wangumlawuli ngo-1494, uLudovico Maria Sforza gqolo ukuba bayakhe Sforza Inqaba e Milan, kwaye icela ukuba iinkosi Italian kakhulu - Bramante, owaba umbhali lweziqalelo ezininzi zokwakha bokuhombisa, kunye noLeonardo da Vinci babesebenza iinqaba nokudala uthotho esekelwe.

Ngowe-1500, ebudeni enye Italian Wars phakathi uBukhosi kunye neFransi, amajoni uKumkani uLouis XII wangena Milan, wayithimba Lodoviko Sfortsa. Kokuba asiwe eFransi, apho wafela khona.

umonakalo omkhulu i Sforza Castle ngo 1521, xa nenqaba central Filarete kusetyenziswa ngexesha njengoko idepho iimbumbulu, yahlaselwa imibane.

ixesha Spanish

BaseSpeyin, ombambe eMilan phakathi kwenkulungwane XVI, zaphuculwa kakhulu le nqaba. Akha iindonga ngeenxa iinqaba endala omtsha mihla ngohlobo inkwenkwezi-etsolo ezintandathu kwindawo nama-26 yeehektare. irhuluneli City wafudukela Royal Palace kwaye uhlala ikampu nqaba. Emva elihlazo imikhosi kaKumkani uFrancis I e Pavia, enkosi inkxaso yoMlawuli kunye uKumkani Spanish Carlos V, intsapho Sforza wabuyela ngamandla. Duke Milan uba Francesco II.

ukubusa Austria

Emva kokufa ngo-1534 of Francesco Maria Sforza II, Austria uBukhosi of the Habsburgs ehlonyelwe i Duchy of Milan nesinika ulawulo lerhuluneli. Ngexesha lolawulo Austrians Sforza Castle yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina izikrweqe yinqubo zomkhosi. Inxalenye ufakelo endaweni baso okanye yakhiwe. I okuphawuleka kakhulu emva kwexesha le Habsburgs na umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka Yana Nepomutskogo, efakwe kwi bridgehead.

amaxesha Napoleonic

Emva UNapoleon Bonaparte bahlasela 1796 e-Italy, Austria, wenza isivumelwano uxolo kwi Campo-Formio, kwafuneka ukuba bayeke Lombardy. Bonaparte wakhetha Milan isixeko yokuhlala iminyaka ezintlanu, ukususela 1796 ukuya th-1801. Nangona izicelo zabemi awayefuna kudilizwe ngokupheleleyo enqabeni yomkhosi, uNapoleon wayalela ukuba kuqhutywa umsebenzi wokulungisa. Ukuze ngokoyiswa isiFrentshi umkhosi ngo-1814, Milan nguye likomkhulu ithi ezahlukeneyo wadalwa uNapoleon eItali.

Ngokutsho iziphumo kwinkomfa e Vienna ngepani-Yurophu, idolophu wafuduselwa izinto Austrian yaye yaba liziko woBukumkani omtsha Lombardy-Venetia. Ngowe-1848, ebudeni iintsuku ezintlanu Milan, xa abavukeli elwela inkululeko evela ngabahlali Austrian, Sforza Castle Cannon kucola eMilan. Olu qhankqalazo abathintela, yaye onke amalungu ayo babanjwa kwaye wavalelwa ezitokisini.

Ngowe-1859, i-Austrians wemka Lombardy, kwaye balapha ziyafakwa yaye limisiwe inqaba, emva koko layeka.

imbali yanamhlanje

Abahlali abaninzi Milan ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha wafuna ukutshabalalisa inqaba eItali, ukucima oko ebusweni bomhlaba; nokwakha endaweni yayo into luncedo ngakumbi, ngathi indawo yokuhlala abakhethekileyo. Ngethamsanqa, le nqaba isigqibo Musa ukuchitha, kodwa, phezu koko, ukubuyisela. Ngu ekubuyiselweni nqaba yaqala ngo-1893 womzobi Luca Beltrami, ababefuna lokuphinda imbonakalo wembali kwezakhiwo amaxesha Sforza mthetho. Ngowe-1905, nasenqabeni wambuyisela Filarete ivulekileyo, yaye kwelinye icala nqaba uyisekile Sempione Park.

Ngexesha iziqhushumbisi yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi abachaphazelekayo zesikhumbuzo ezininzi, kuquka Castello Sforzesco, ingakumbi Rochetta. Ekupheleni kuka-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, le nqaba wabuyiselwa waza wavula kuluntu.

Utshintsho lokugqibela imbonakalo nqaba ngumthombo enkulu kwindawo engaphakathi, eyaziwa ngokuba Milanese "ikeyiki yomtshato" kwaye kwakhiwa endaweni endala, wadiliza ngexesha ulwakhiwo komhlaba kwi-imi- 60 lwekhulu XX.

bokwakha

Modern Sforza Castle - oko mbombo-ezimilise isakhiwo kumbindi okuyinto ndawo delle what. It ingqongwe kweendonga ezinkulu kunye nesango ephambili eyakhelwe ngohlobo multi-mibini square inqaba - Filaret, leyo wakhonza ngere- ngexesha i Spasskaya Tower kwi Moscow yesicelo. Ilungelo nasekhohlo kuwo abangeenxa emboxo iinqaba - Santo Spirito di kunye dei Carmini.

Ehambahamba ekungeneni engundoqo enqabeni Filarete, sifike Piazza delle what, kwaye siyakwazi ukubona inqaba, kubekwe phezu kwisiza ngesango iPorta Giovia. Ukuya ekunene yakhe amagumbi ducal, kwaye ekhohlo - inxalenye anqatyisiweyo yale nqaba - Rochetta. It has a okulala encinane, neenqaba ezimbini kunokuba ubude: Torre Castellana (Castle) nenqaba Bona of savoy. Kumgangatho osezantsi yi uvimba ebuncwaneni Torre Castellana, apho ubona i imizobo lokusinda Bramantino.

Ngaphakathi ezindlini ducal sabelwa encinane yembutho engqongwe ose-, namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba yi "nesezindlu elephant» (nesezindlu dell'Elefante), ogama njalo ngenxa esekelwe wenkomo.

Le nqaba museum

Ukufika e Milan endala, neempawu kwi imaphu, thina siya uthanda ukutyelela, unako ukuhlola ngonaphakade.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba opt Sforza Castle: kuba lesikhumbuzo yembali, kodwa kananjalo indawo apho iimyuziyam abaninzi ziqwalaselwa. Phakathi kwabo - Gallery ubugcisa, i Museum of Ancient Art, ingqokelela zezixhobo zomculo, ingqokelela amalaphu zamaxesha aphakathi kunye nezinye imiboniso emininzi. Free emva kokuya enqabeni yomkhosi, unako ukuthenga itikiti elinye ukutyelela zonke iimyuziyam, okanye zodwa ngasinye sesichengeni wakho umdla.