Pamir - ezintabeni Central Asia. Inkcazelo, imbali kunye iifoto

Esezintabeni Pamirs lizwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ezitsala bamazwe. Xa ke loo mmandla weentaba kwi USSR. Pamir waphupha ukoyisa abaninzi ... Akumangalisi wafumana igama - i 'uphahla ihlabathi ". Zininzi seventhousanders aziwayo umhlaba. Nangona Pamir - ezintabeni azikho phezulu, umzekelo, malayas kunye Karakorum, ezinye phambili wahlala elingoyiswayo.

Indawo Pamirs

Pamir - ezintabeni, okanye ndingayithandiyo lilizwe elikhulu esezintabeni ibekwe emazantsi ye Central Asia. indawo Pamir ilele ngaphakathi kwimida ezine ithi: Tajikistan (inxalenye enkulu), Afghanistan, China ne India. Pamir Plateau kwenziwa kudibana loza lweenkqubo ntaba ezifana Hindu Kush, Kunlun, Karakoram kunye Tien Shan. Kuthatha indawo kumawaka amathandathu ezikwere zeekhilomitha Pamir Iintaba. Le ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa olunzulu ngayo kweli lizwe weentaba.

Akukho kwimvumelwano malunga ngemvelaphi igama lizwe weentaba yena. Phakathi iitranskripthi zodliwano apho ezifana 'uphahla uMithra "(uthixo kwelanga Mithraism), kwakunye' uphahla zehlabathi", "ukufa yonyawo 'yaye' unyawo ntaka."

Iintaba zeenduli Pamirs

Uninzi ezintabeni eziphakamileyo le Pamirs bafikelele phantse ezisibhozo ukuphakama senkulungwane. Kunakho phezu kwazo zonke iincopho kweli lizwe weentaba Kongur incopho. Le elise kummandla China, ukuphakama kwayo ngu 7.72 km. Kwi 200 metres ngezantsi kwincopho Ismail Samani - 7.5 km, nto leyo lisetyenziswa kumaxesha Soviet kwathiwa nobuKomanisi Peak, yaye ngaphambi koko - nokuba incopho Stalin kaThixo. zintaba Pamir leyo ezinamagama Russian, lasinga 90 inxalenye eSoviet Union.

Peak Abu Ali Ibn Sina (kwi kwinguqulelo Russian - kwincopho uAvicenna), ogama emva umphengululi zamaxesha aphakathi kunye kumnyangi, umphakamo we 7.13 km, waliguqula igama layo kabini. Phambi kokuba ngokutsha ngayo igama Lenin Peak kunye oovulindlela ekuqaleni igama Kaufman incopho (ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX).

Korjenevskaya Peak (indawo 7.1 km) yaziwa kakuhle,-nzulu Russian ogama lakhe behlonipha nomfazi wesifuba sayo.

Iimpawu ze Pamirs

Pamir - ezintabeni, ezo Ikwadrilatherali mgaqweni elintlangothi avuswe. Le ndawo iidipozithi zizityebi zegolide, amalahle, mica, rock ngumkhenkce, lesafire.

, Ubusika elide kakhulu (kwintaba ephakame 3.6 km uphawu kobushushu Januwari - 18 degrees Celsius, ngeli xesha abandayo ithatha ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya ku April, kuquka iinyanga kakhulu), ukutshintsha ehlotyeni amafutshane kunye cool (iqondo lobushushu avareji wenyanga ishushu - Julayi - kuphela malunga ne-14 degrees Celsius). Isigqibo sokwahlulwa ukunyakama yohluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kummandla, ukususela milimitha 60 ukuya 1100 kwemvula ngonyaka ngamnye.

Noko ke, sezulu ngqwabalala engaqhelekanga sikhatshwe sisincoko ezahlukeneyo ngokwaneleyo zezilo. Ingakumbi izilwanyana ukhumbuleka na iinkunzi zasendle - ezinkulu iigusha entabeni, omnye uphondo owawufikelela wayedla mathathu. Kunye yak shaggy yaye eyinzwana ikhephu nengwe. Ngaphandle kwezi, xa eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo ekhaya iintlobo ezininzi iibhokhwe (Kiyko, markhor), marmots elide-ezinomsila, iigusha-urmaly, iimpungutye, iingcuka kunye Tibetan.

Kwiinduli i Pamirs ahlala iintaka ezifana emasondweni, neentlumaya, ezinkulu, bullfinch eyintlango, mfanelo. Namachibi yokwakha amadada ezifihlakeleyo, amarhanisi Indiya, okhozi, emhlophe-tailed.

Phakathi iyantlukwano ichthyological iyakwazi ukuphawula ezi zeentlanzi zikho njengoko Osman kunye Marinka (le yokugqibela ithathwa njengokuba ezinetyhefu).

imbali loloyiso

Imbali isifundo esithe kumazwe ntaba yaqala ngo-1928 xa kuqhutywa hambo eSoviet ku Pamir. Xa zawo ungavula glacier Fedchenko enkulu, soyise kwincopho uLenin ukwenza inani amanyathelo abalulekileyo.

Ngowe-1933, le climbers Soviet wanikezela Communism Peak (aphezulu kwelo lalisakuba yiSoviet Union), kunye 50 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini oyiswa iincopho Korjenevskaya, Revolution, Muztagh Ata (7.55 km) kunye Konturtyube (7.6 km). Iincopho eliphezulu le Pamir ngo 1981 uhambo British phantsi Bonengtona.

Amachibi ye Pamir Plateau. Kara-Kul

Eyona inkulu edikeni entabeni lizwe - Kara-Kul. Igama kwechibi (Black Lake) uye neengcaciso eziliqela. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, okumfaneleyo umthunzi emnyama amanzi ngexesha yimimoya enamandla. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, amanzi Black Lake ngesiquphe wavuka, wasibekela ilali eselunxwemeni, yaye egameni intlungu bantu ithe khowudi yile ntlekele embi.

Kunakho phezu chibi eMpuma Pamirs. Ezintabeni, apho kukho iintlobo namachibi amakhulu. Ngokunzulu kubo Sarezskoye (0.5 km nzulu), kwaye inkulu - Kara-Cool. Lisendaweni 4000 m elikhulu indawo edikeni ezikwere zeekhilomitha 380 kunye nobunzulu meters 240 cishe engenabomi. Ekubeni chibi akukho flow, amanzi ayo ezinetyuwa kakhulu, kwakunye emazantsi kancane yayiphela yokutyiwa ye glacier yamandulo, amanzi kwaye kubanda kakhulu.

Nangona engekho phantse epheleleyo enezityalo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezilwanyana kweli chibi, amarhe ethandwayo ohlala amanzi alo yezidalwa bangafi. Ngokukodwa, kukholelwa ukuba amanzi alo bahlala neempungutye, ihashe, iphaphazela ukuba weba namaxhamxwa, kwaye nkqu intombi-ntlanzi yasentsomini. Noko ke, amanzi womkhenkce chibi akukho isivakashi ekuhlambeni, kunye mermaids, kuyabonakala ukuba, ukuba ahlale phezu ukutya.