Ezama uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi abadala (jonga itheyibhile). Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi kubantwana: ukusebenza, izinga

Wonke umntu ufuna ukwazi ukuba ancokole zempilo. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho inkqubo yeemvavanyo elebhu, ezo ngezinga elikhulu ngokuqiniseka enokuthethwa imeko kanye yesigulana. Phakathi ixhaphakileyo nga kubizwa uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi. Xa abadala kunye nabantwana, le zelebhu asenokubonisa ukuba kukho izifo efihliweyo kwaye iza kunika ithuba lokuba aziswe malunga nemeko yempilo ngokubanzi.

Olu hlobo uphando ulwazi kakhulu. Inceda kuphela ukukhangela nasiphi na isifo, kodwa inika inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni weevithamini, iiminerali kunye nezinye izinto ebalulekileyo ningaswele emzimbeni womntu. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zengqo- uhlalutyo igazi (yokusebenza imigangatho, ekufundeni lisaziwa yonke gqirha) onikelwe ukubhaqa izifo zesisu, inkqubo genitourinary, iingxaki yamanina kunye Oncology okukrokrelwayo.

Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba olu hlobo lovavanyo igazi yabelwe kuphela phantsi izikhalazo ezithile. Nokuba isigulana uziva eyanelisayo, ngamachiza igazi ibonisa iintlobo efihlakeleyo kunye nisaqala izifo okanye ukungabikho kwezinto ezibalulekileyo.

Njani na Analysis

Umyalelo lokuhanjiswa izinto isifundo inemigaqo yayo. Phambi kokuba uye kwiziko lonyango ngenxa kolu vavanyo, isigulane kufuneka ungatyi okanye usele, nkqu namanzi.

Ukuze zihlolwe ezintanjeni ithatha nomonde ml 5 igazi Kusenjalo cubital. I sampuli zenziwe uvavanyo ezibanzi, kwaye iziphumo wangena ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ezama uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi abadala (kwitheyibhile eboniswe kweli nqaku) ngumthombo elungileyo ye data ugqirha. Oku uyakwazi ukunika inkcazelo epheleleyo malunga imeko yomguli.

Bebodwa, amanani zinika ingcaciso encinane kwifom. Ukuze bayiqonde ngokwenene iziphumo, ugqirha kufuneka athathe zokuthelekisa imigangatho iimvavanyo elebhu. Eziphilayo wegazi iya kucaca.

Kwingongoma nganye ukwenzela uhlalutyo akanayo imilinganiselo echazwe ngokucacileyo. Kukho amaxabiso minimum and esiphezulu elivumelekileyo ukuba zonke izinto kwisaveyi. Ukuba isiphumo iqukiwe kuluhlu eqhelekileyo, izinto ezingaqhelekanga isigulane zifunyenweyo. Kwimeko zokulahleka ixabiso eziphantsi amaxabiso ummiselo ekubhekiswe ubukho utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo.

Ezama uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi abadala - itafile eboniswe iqela elikhulu izinto. Makhe siqwalasele indlela ezibalulekileyo zesi sifundo elebhu.

albumin

Albumin - into iiprotini endalo, nto leyo evela esibindini yabantu. It is a iiprothini ezinkulu igazi secreted kwiqela eyahlukileyo, oko kukuthi "iqhekeza protein". Utshintsho kwi umlinganiselo amaqela enjalo ulwazi kakhulu ukuya kugqirha. Amaxesha amaninzi, iziphumo zemilinganiselo imeko kidney albumin umgwebi, ubukho umhlaza okanye rheumatism.

Albumin kuyehla xa abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye phindeke, ngokunjalo iintshayi. Le into proteinaceous inokuba enamandla eliphantsi xa ukutya uyaphela protein ukutya, iziyobisi hormone zokucwangcisa. Ixabiso kwandisa eli uvavanyo kubonisa ubukho:

• ezimbi ahlekise kunye esingapheliyo uhlobo wesibindi (kwesibindi, ihepatitis, ithumba);
• ukulimala nokutsha;
• nokudumba, usuleleko okanye suppuration;
• rheumatism;
• lemikhuhlane;
• Ukungaphumeleli intliziyo;
• umhlaza;
• amayeza libanda.

amanani albumin olumisiweyo zezi:

ubudala yomguli	Umlinganiselo, g / l
abantwana	37 - 53
ukuba iminyaka 60	36 - 51
advanced kweminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu	35 - 47

protein Total

Iiproteni - impahla polymeric owakhiwa ngayo asidi acid. Kwikota eziphilayo "protini iyonke" ibandakanya eyona mali ka iiprothini kule serum egazini kwaye ibandakanya albumin kunye globulin. Esi salathisi okucacileyo lokufunyaniswa izifo zesibindi, iphecana zesisu, umhlaza kunye kabi komtshiso oko. umlinganiselo ubuninzi protein lulonke luya zokucazulula uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi abadala, nto leyo enikwe ngasezantsi kwetafile.

Age of the isigulane	Umlinganiselo, g / l
kubelekwa	48 - 73
ukuya kunyaka 1	45 - 71
minyaka 1-4	62 - 73
minyaka 5-7	51 - 77
Abantwana abaneminyaka 8 ukuya 15	59 - 75
abadala	65 - 84

Ukuba uhlalutyo ukuba ukungabikwa kwezi manani, sinokuthi oku kulandelayo malunga iingxaki yomguli:

• isifo esosulelayo;
• izifo rheumatism;
• umhlaza.

Ebantwaneni, ukuphakamisa umgangatho iyonke iproteni ihamba emathunjini, urhudo kunye nokugabha, ikholera kunye nokutsha kakhulu.

Ukuba umntu lo vavanyo chemistry gazi yancitshiswa, kunokuthiwa ezi zifo zilandelayo:

• ngezenzeko yezifo esibindini leyo kukhokelela ekuthotyweni yemveliso protein ngale umzimba;
• glomerulonephritis;
• pancreatitis;
• nezitenxo kwezi lokugaya.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, protein iyonke sehlile izigulane ezinkulu ukopha, ukutsha kakhulu, ukwenzakala kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukudumba, kwakunye ngokuzila umthambo omkhulu.

protein C-izidubuli

Eli candelo libonisa nangokurhala, usuleleko, ubukho gazi. Ekubeni umsebenzi kwiproteni - ngokugaya sifo, eyavela iqalisa ukwandisa kakhulu ngexesha ngokubonakala reactions zomzimba. Ngokwesiqhelo, le CRP uyazikhomba 0.5 mg / l.

Kuba uhlalutyo ugqirha CRP kubalulekile luxilongo izifo ezibangelwa iintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane. Kwakhona, le Dynamics esi salathisi kokuba egwetyiwe kwi ukusebenza kwale unyango. Ephakamileyo CRP xi ambona:

• rheumatism;
• izifo wokugaya ukudla;
• tuberculosis;
• iposi engabalulekanga;
• umhlaza;
• meningitis;
• nokudumba;
• iingxaki emva kotyando.

CRP xi luyanda ngexesha exacerbation lwezifo ezingapheliyo.

athwala glycosylated

Athwala inoxanduva uthutho mpilo wonke umzimba. Ngexesha ukongeza ezinjalo iimolekyuli protein glucose wafumana into ekuthiwa athwala glycated. Ukwanda eyavela egazini - isizathu seswekile umrhanelwa. Udidi i protein - 4,1-6,6%. amanani Lower e kokuzila ukudla ixesha elide, elide ekutyeni kunye umthambo omkhulu.

myoglobin

Le protein into efanayo umsebenzi yetekisi. Unikeza ioksijini intliziyo kunye nezihlunu skeletal. Standards myoglobin, ug / l:

• female - 13-75;
• eyindoda - 18-92,1.

Ukunyuka myoglobin igazi uthi:

• isifo sezintso;
• iposi engabalulekanga;
• ukulimala, ukutsha;
• izenzakalo convulsive.

Myoglobin nayo iyakhula kwezemidlalo kunye nonyango kunye elekroimpulsov.

Eli protein igazi liyancipha xa:

• polymyositis;
• myasthenia gravis;
• isifo samathambo;
• basabele komzimba.

Transferrin, ferritin, serum zhelezosvertyvayuschaya amandla

Transferrin - iproteni onoxanduva zothutho yentsimbi. Liyana imixholo yawo - 2,1-4,12 g / l. ingqondo kwayo kwaphakanyiswa abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwaye reduced abadala.

Ukuba eziphilayo igazi wabonisa isiqulatho nangakumbi transferrin, oko kusenokubonisa ukuba ezi zifo zilandelayo:

• komtshiso oko;
• isha;
• umhlaza;
• ukuqina;
• iron ukuzibhubhisa;
• hemochromatosis.

transferrin Ukwanda ibonisa ayoni anemia.

Ferritin - iproteni olufumaneka kuzo zonke neencindi zomzimba kunye izihlunu zomzimba womntu. Ibonisa ubukho yeevenkile yentsimbi. Nganye ezinga malungu abantu Ipharamitha ferritin, ng / L egazini ixhomekeke phantsi kwaye siquka:

• eyindoda - 21-252;
• abafazi - 11-122;

Ngamazinga aphezulu kunokwenzeka ukuthetha ezimbi zilandelayo:

• hemochromatosis ne sindisa yentsimbi;
• Oncology, wegazi;
• Izifo ezosulelayo kunye ukudumba kwindawo esingapheliyo okanye oyingozi;
• isifo sesibindi;

ferritin Low ibonisa ubukho kwegazi.

CSH ucebisa indlela yokubopha yentsimbi transferrin. Ukuze ukujonga ukusetyenziswa nengqiqo anemia of LSC afihlakeleyo. Izinga le njengenqobo 22-61 Mol / l. ukuhla kwayo:

• hepatitis;
• igazi.

Ukunciphisa le CSH elifana neli phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

• izifo ezosulelayo;
• ayanda;
• nephrosis;
• ukukhathala;
• ukuqina;
• hemochromatosis kunye thalassemia.

factor onaso

Ezi izinto kuba eklasini immunoglobulin G-lgG. It kwabazalelwe kwiiproteni umzimba womntu ezithe mutated kwaye bayiqonda iiseli amasebe awohlukeneyo ngolwasemzini phantsi kwempembelelo iintsholongwane. Uhlalutyo Eqhelekileyo ezinto igazi abadala esi salathisi - 10.1 U / ml. Kwiimeko eyandileyo lamanani kwiproteni kufikwa ezi zifo zilandelayo:

• ukuqina;
• umhlaza;
• polymyositis;
• isifo samathambo;
• dermatomyositis;
• usulelo;
• lupus zomzimba systemic.

enzyme

Ezama uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi abadala, itafile inikwa isigulane phezu izandla, nayo iqulathe iinkcukacha kwisiqulatho ubungakanani enzyme zilandelayo:

• Amylase. Le enzyme iyekelela kunye namathe (diastase) kunye injeke. Last ngokuba amylase pancreatic. Diastase luphawulwa imimiselo 29-101 U / L. Egqithayo eli nani show mgaqweni nepancreas, cholecystitis, peritonitis etsolo, mumps kunye seswekile. amylase pancreatic yinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba ibekwe ngaphakathi 0-52 U / L. yoxinaniso High yokuthetha ezimbi zepancreas.
• dehydrogenase zincancise - enzyme inokufumaneka phantse onke amalungu kunye namalaphu. Nge ubudala, uyazikhomba uwe. Ukuba nosana okuqulethwe LDH 2010 U / L, emva kweminyaka eli-12, ummiselo lancitshiswa 252 U / L. Le xi eliphezulu le enzyme kubonisa izifo hypoxia, ezesifuba semithambo, isibindi, imiphunga, yaye abonise umhlaza.
• Creatine kinase - enzayimi inika izihlunu kunye namandla. Okuqulethwe yile nto ibonisa uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi. Imithetho ekwandiseni inani le enzyme azifani, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala kunye nesini. Ukuba usana, esi salathisi yaba 650 U / L, abantu abadala - malunga 202 U / L.

ingqondo Ukwanda iintetho CK malunga izifo ngentliziyo, uminxano, hypothyroidism, izifo central system luvo kunye nomhlaza. Uyondelelwano lwee- enzyme lifinyele ngexesha muscular dystrophy kunye ukungasebenzi.

Okubhalwe kwezi kunye nezinye enzayim ziya kunika ufifi uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi. Eziphilayo wegazi Isenokumxelela malunga xi le enzayim zilandelayo: aminotransferase alanine, gamma - GT, AST, esterase, phosphatase ialakalin kunye lipase.

lipids

Izikhombisi eziphambili zezi igazi uhlalutyo kwemichiza kunye lipids mmol / l:

• cholesterol iyonke, udidi 3,2-6,12;
• LDL, iqhelekile amadoda - 2,26-4,81, ngokuba abafazi - 1,9-4,51;
• cholesterol HDL, iqhelekile amadoda 0,73-1,74 kwabasetyhini - 0,87-2,27.

Amanani zokuzicingela kwezi nqobo ukuthetha izifo iimpahla ngentliziyo negazi, nezintso, sifo, ukungaqheleki pancreatic, ukutyeba, ukudla kunye utywala. Ukuncipha ubungqina lipid of kwegazi, ukusilela intliziyo, izifo, ukuqina nesibindi umhlaza, izifo emiphungeni.

carbohydrate

Table Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi, ukucazulula yayo nomdla kuzo zonke izigulane, nayo iqulathe ulwazi malunga nokuqulethwe carbohydrate:

• Iswekile. It is a yayibaluleke kwi lokufunyaniswa seswekile. Norms glucose egazini, Mol / L zezi: abantwana abafikisayo - 3,34-5,6; abadala - 3,95-5,82; emva kweminyaka 60 - 6.4. Umxholo ekudleni aphezulu lo uthetha izifo yonyango, isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo nobetho, izigulo zepancreas kunye kwizintso. glucose Ukuncipha kuveza izifo phecana zesisu, ukutyhefa hypothyroidism.
• Fructosamine yeyona i header kwi lokufunyaniswa seswekile sinwenwa kunye novavanyo umgangatho ngonyango. ilinganiselwe ingqondo - 203-282 mmol / l. Kwimeko amaxabiso aphezulu ke makhwiniba zezintso, isifo seswekile okanye hypothyroidism. Xa lamanani aphantsi ityala fructosamine of hyperthyroidism kunye kwezintso izifo.

zombala

Phakathi kwezinye izalathi ekuhlalutyeni "ngamachiza igazi," uyakwazi ukufumana amanqaku "yibilirubin". It akalwa mmol / l kwaye lweentlobo ezininzi:

• Direct. UNorma 0-3,32;
• Lilonke. Liyana 3,38-17,23.

yibilirubin Ukwanda ibonisa ukungaqheleki wesibindi nokuqhwalela vitamin _B12.

Amanye amacandelo chemistry igazi

Wonke dokotela uluvo States indlela uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi: yesiqhelo (Uludwe: abantu abadala kunye nabantwana) kwicandelo ngalinye kuyafuneka ukuba ukuhlola imeko yomguli. Ukongeza kula macandelo kuluhlu lwe ngeziphumo zophando laboratory iquka:

Isalathisi	iiyunithi zemilinganiselo	yinto yamihla le
creatinine	mmol / l	ukuya kunyaka omnye - 17-36 iminyaka ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya 14 - 28-61 female - 52-98 oyindoda - 61-116
uric acid		iminyaka ukuya ku-14 - 1,83-6,42 oyindoda - 210-420 besifazane - 151-352
urea	mmol l	iminyaka ukuya ku-14 - 1,83-6,42 iminyaka abadala 14-60 - 2,51-6,42 emva kweminyaka 60 - 2,91-7,52
potassium		ukuya ku ngonyaka - 4,12-5,31 iminyaka 1-14 - 3,42-4,72 abadala - 3,51-5,54
calcium		2,23-2,52
sodium		136-145
chlorine		98-107
wemagniziyam		0,63-1,12
phosphorus		ukuya kwiminyaka-2 - 1,46-2,15 iminyaka 2-12 - 1,45-1,77 iminyaka abadala 12-60 - 0,88-1,46 abafazi emva kweminyaka 60 - 0,9-1,33 ndoda emva kweminyaka 60 - 0,73-1,22
insimbi	mmol / l	ukuya ku ngonyaka - 7,22-17,92 iminyaka 1-14 - 9,03-21,52 female - 9,0-30,4 oyindoda - 11,63-30,42
Witham B12	PG / ml	180-900
folic acid	ng / ml	3,1-18

Xa kuhlolwa ukuthotyelwa data efunyenwe isifundo zemichiza igazi, uthabathe ngokuyimfuneko ingqalelo imilinganiselo elebhu apho uhlalutyo lwenziwa. Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, ugqirha kufuneka akhethe zophando ezongeziweyo.