Indlela ukubala PPM egazini?

Utywala - yingxaki enkulu kwizizukulwana ezininzi. umntu ngamnye isimo sabo ngayo iziselo oxide. Abanye abantu ukuwasebenzisa kuzo zonke (ngelishwa, inani labo ayinamsebenzi), ngelixa abanye bakwenze njalo, loo nto ukuzigcina ukwimeko enjalo ukuqhuba. Ngokwe-manani zakutsha nje, malunga ne-30% kuzo zonke iingozi zenzeka ngenxa ngumqhubi onxilileyo. Xa traffic amapolisa banenkxalabo nzulu ngale meko, ngoko ke abasebenzi esweni ngokungqongqo ke, benesidima abaqhubi isicelo isixhobo okhethekileyo nokuhlola - Breathalyzer.

ulwazi jikelele

Abantu abaninzi abazange baye badibane Uhlolo ezinjalo awuyazi into sisixhobo nendlela ukubala PPM in alkotestere.

Esi sisixhobo esincinane mayixhotyiswe tube okhethekileyo, injongo ephambili apho - ukumisela isixa lokusela utywala kwiyunithi lokulinganisa, PPM. Ukuze uvavanyo umqhubi ngokwaneleyo ukuze aphefumle kungena ifowuni, nesisitheliso nangoko ebonakalisa isiphumo.

Breathalyzer yokuqala ukuvela kwi-US (1930). Baya unokuchaza kuphela isibakala lobukho ethanol egazini, kodwa ibalwa PPM akwenzeki.

degree of ukunxila

Ukubala PPM egazini, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuseka iqondo umnini imoto ukunxila uze ukhangele usongo zayo bona kunye nabanye endleleni:

1. 0.5-1.5 (yokuqala). Kule meko, umntu sele yingozi. Wayibona ilahleko kancinane zoququzelelo, umbono lomgama. Akumangalisi okutenxileyo ochwayitileyo, nesibindi.
2. 1.5-2.5 (avareji). Nokusebenzisa ezinye iziselo ezinxilisayo iza abazizidalwa of reactions, nto leyo akuvumelekanga ukuba umqhubi. KoMbuso indawo ndlongo, ukuba nochuku.
3. 2,5-3,00 (strong). Abantu abanjalo bathi ngokulambisa emi ngeenyawo zakhe. Eneneni, nale mali ethyl utywala egazini, kukho iingxaki ezinkulu kunye nolungelelaniso kunye nokuqonda.
4. 3,00-5,00 (ubuthi). Inqanaba kusongela umqhubi nemiphumela emibi unelishwa, ngokufuthi kunye neziphumo ezibulalayo. Yintoni enokwenzeka endleleni kunye nabanini imoto, singakwazi ndicinga kuphela.
5. 5.00 nangaphezulu (idosi olubulalayo). Umntu akanako ukuhambahamba. A Kukho inkxalabo enkulu yesifo sentliziyo, ukufa icala. Ukuze ukunceda kule meko kunokuba inqwelo yezigulana kuphela, kodwa akubi njalo.

Ezi mpawu ziye nolahlo ngokubanzi, ekubeni umzimba ngamnye, ngoko inyathelo kungenziwa kunye nokungafani.

ethanol ingozi

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba ukubala indlela mille utywala nganye, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ukusetyenziswa eyondeleleneyo ezinxilisayo iziselo kuyingozi banokude kwaye yenza ubomi kunzima kwabanye.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko inkolelo ethandwayo utywala oko kwehlise luvo kwaye nomkhwezeli. Imvakalelo imincili eyalandelayo idosi ethile isiselo ethululwayo, ngokukhawuleza indawo nokurhawuzela, ndlongo.

Ukongeza kwinkqubo luvo utywala kakubi kuchaphazela umsebenzi:

1. Brain. Sibi inkumbulo, ebangela eloyikayo le imilenze kunye nolungelelaniso aphazamiseke iintshukumo.
2. Isibindi. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, nto leyo imveliso lokubola, ngokuthe ngcembe utshabalalisa iiseli zomzimba (hepatocytes). Oku kukhokelela ngezimvo umsebenzi wayo kunye nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
3. Pancreas. Oku kubanga umtshiso esinganyangekiyo okanye etsolo (pancreatitis), ukuphela okunamafutha, nangezilonda, isifo seswekile.

Izidumbu zikhankanywe ngasentla basokola kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa rhoqo punch ukusela ngokugqithiseleyo lisetyenziswa phezu umzimba lonke luphela. Ngoko, kunokuba becinga ukuba ukubala indlela mille utywala nganye, kufuneka uqonde imiphumo oko kunokukhokelela.

Ngaba ndisela baze kangakanani

Ngokutsho komthetho Russian, uxanduva lokuqhuba ngelixa abanxilileyo ngabantu abaye uwalungise mnyango ngaphaya:

• 0,35 PPM egazini;
• 0.16 PPM ngexesha zingumphunga.

Abaqhubi abaninzi ukunwaya iintloko zabo, ukubala indlela mille kotywala kwi umoya ngamnye ngaphandle alkotestrera, kodwa ukwenza ubalo ngolo hlobo kunokuba luqikelelo kuphela.

Iimpawu Uvunyelwe musa bacebise ukuba ukusela kunye ukuqhuba kunokuba. Utywala amaxesha olufunyanwa umntu ziingcathu ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunokubangela iinkqubo ezithile ukusebenza komzimba okanye ngenxa yokusetyenziswa:

• kvass;
• iyogurt;
• ibhiya non-ezinxilisayo;
• mithombo isonka.

Nayiphi na imveliso ibile unako ukubonisa PPM ezibi xa uhlola, kodwa ukuba eli nani ligqithe, amava ayikho imfuneko.

Ngokufuthi, ukusela ebusuku phambi, abaqhubi kusekutsha kakhulu ukuba ahlale emva kweevili ezijikelezayo, esazi ukuba ukubala indlela mille lotywala egazini nganye. Ngenxa yoko, ifowuni sitsala ngaphezu mnyango ubuncinane. ukuba enjalo umqhubi uya kohlwaywa yi isohlwayo okanye ukuhluthwa kwamalungelo (ngokuxhomekeke iqondo ukunxila kunye neemeko apho uvavanyo lwenzelwa).

Buyela emva ivili emva ukusela utywala

Ukuze ukuba kungena engxakini, kufuneka ubale malunga namawaka nganye egazini (esekelwe kumthamo kunye nokomelela neziselo, ubunzima bomzimba). Ngokusekelwe kule nani lula ukujonga ixesha elisondeleyo ekurhoxisweni ethanol.

Oku kwenziwa usebenzisa ifomula ezilula okanye wokubala online. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba iimeko ezininzi zophendlo lwezifo kusengaphazamisana enzulu umzimba wakhe, ngoko oku ekubaleni kufuneka athathe ingqalelo.

Izinto ezibangela neutralization ixesha elide utywala

kukhuthaza Rapid utywala kwindawo yokuqala livimbela esibindini. Okukhona iibhiya umntu, kokukhona unesifo wecebo lokucoca. Ngenxa ukunxila okanye aqhubeke ixesha elide, kwaye ibhabhalaza - nzima.

Kwesibindi ithatha unonophelo malunga 70 pesenti umthwalo kunye neenkqubo khemikhali utywala - acetaldehyde, nto leyo nefuthe elibi kakhulu emzimbeni womntu. Oko kungakhokelela ekubeni ihepatitis ebangelwa butywala, ukuqina kwesibindi, umhlaza kunye nabanye.

Intsalela salawo ngokusebenzisa izintso, inkqubo yokuphefumla nolusu.

Kwakhona rate neutralization ethanol iya kuxhomekeka zinto zilandelayo:

• imali utywala obuselwe;
• amandla nomla-;
• likarhulumente enyama yangaphakathi, umzimba uphela;
• ubunzima kunye sex;
• ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho ukudla phambi komthendeleko, ngexesha nasemva.

I encinane ubunzima umntu, utywala esezantsi ishiya umzimba. Xa iimazi le-20% kancinci kunamadoda.

Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba abantu ngaphantsi abanxilileyo abo babe izimuncumuncu ngexesha isidlo okanye phambi kokuba iqale.

Ngokuzimela ukuqinisekisa inqanaba PPM

Indlela ukubala mille nganye:

1. Okokuqala zibalwa amanzi mass zabantu. Ukuze le njongo: 80 (ngokobunzima) * 70%: 100.
2. Okulandelayo, isixa lokusela utywala umzekelo 1000 ml umqombothi amandla degrees-5. Kufuneka ube 1000 * 0.05 = ml 5, ngoko 5 * 0.79 (ethanol mninzi) = 3.95 g
3. 3,96 / 56 = 0,7 PPM.

Ngenxa yoko, emva iibhotile-2 kuphela kwinqanaba utywala-ethanol liphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo.

Okusula imimoya ixesha

saziswe PPM ibalwa njani na? Ungasebenzisa olu luhlu ngezantsi. Inikeza iziselo ezinxilisayo othandwa kakhulu, amandla abo kunye nexesha elisondeleyo yokulahla, emva koko umqhubi unelungelo ukufumana kwakhona emva kwevili. Ngenxa yoko, xa usebenzisa ilitha 0.5 le-tywala, yena uya ashiye eziphilayo:

• champagne (11%) - Iiyure 4.5-8;
• ivodka (40%) - 17,25-29 h;
• ibhiya (4%) - 1,45-2,55 h;
• ibhiya (6%) - 2,4-4,2 h;
• utywala (30%) - 13-21,4 h;
• yezibuko (18%) - Iiyure 7,55-14;
• kamnandi, utshwala (25%) - 9,3-17,3 h;
• brandy (42%) - Iiyure 18,2-30,3.

Ixabiso lincinane wazibona ebantwini ezinobunzima umzimba 60 kg, kwaye ubuninzi - kwi 100 kg okanye ngaphezulu.

Indlela yokwenza ethanol ngokukhawuleza washiya umzimba

Okokuqala, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo ubume babo zempilo kunye nokuxhasa isibindi zikwimeko entle:

• iziselo ezinxilisayo nje kangangoko kunokwenzeka;
• ukuqhuba uphando kwisisu;
• usele kwikhondo amayeza amiselwe ngugqirha;
• ukuba ungadli eqhotsiweyo, etshaya, ukutya okuneziqholo kakhulu okanye ukunciphisa inani labo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesibindi, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yayo kunye comorbidities ingathatha iinyanga malunga 1-3.

Ukuba isiphumo efunekayo ngokukhawuleza, kucetyiswa:

• udle kakuhle phambi komthendeleko ecwangcisiweyo;
• ukuba ukusebenzisa utywala eliphantsi ezisemgangathweni;
• ukusela olunye uhlobo utywala, ngaphandle ukuxuba kubo.

Ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa isantya ethanol ngokupheliswa emva kokuba iziganeko ezele lulonwabo ngeke isebenze. Kuyinto kuphela ziingcali zonyango abo ukuphumeza iinkqubo ezizodwa kunye dropper kunye "abasebenzi odlisa ubomi."

Ukususela ngasentla siyakwazi ukubona ukuba PPM abaliweyo na utywala obuselwe kunokuba luqikelelo kuphela. Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, isitshixo apho luyaphilisa. Ngoko ke, kungakuhle ukuba ukusela utywala rhoqo, kwaye ingakumbi yonke imihla. inani rhoqo utywala okubeka omhle, ukuhluthwa mvume zokuqhuba, ukungabi impilo kunye nosapho, belahla abanye, yaye ngokufuthi ezibulalayo.