Emva koko sekhaphetshu izityalo? Indlela ukulima sekhaphetshu? Apho ukulima sekhaphetshu?

Naliphi na izityalo akufanele zihlonyelwe kuphela, kodwa zikwafakwa ngokufanelekileyo emhlabathini. Ukongezelela, indima ebalulekileyo idlalwe ngokulungiswa ngokucophelela komhlaba, landelwa ngokutyala iklabishi, isitiyi okanye anyanisi. Kule nqaku, siza kuthetha ngeendlela zokutshala iklabishi, ukususela ekukhuleni okanye kukhetha izityalo kunye nokuphela kokutshintshwa kwayo kwindawo evulekile.

Iimpawu zokukhethwa kunye nokunyuka kwezimbewu

Ukuba awukhulumi iklabishi ukusuka kwimbewu, kodwa ukhetha ukuthenga izithombo ezilungele ukulungiswa, khumbula ezinye iimithetho. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe ama-chunks agxininisa kwaye aqine, uphephe iziqu ezimnyama - zixoxa ngesifo semifuno. Okwesibini, ungathathi izithombo, eziye zavumbazela - oku kubonisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-whale.

Indlela yokuhlwayela imbewu yeklabishi? Ukuqala, sikhetha nje ukuhlamba okulungileyo kunye okunempilo, okungenani ubunamaphepha amahlanu aqinile. Ukungcwaba le bums emhlabathini ukuya kwi-rosette, ngelixa kubalulekile ukuba iingcambu azihlali phezu komhlaba. Emva kokutyala umhlaba kufuneka uqulunqwe, kwaye wuleza.

Iinkalo zonyango

Iklabishi iyimifuno enomdla kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka unyamekele. Okokuqala, kufuneka ulungise umquba - enye imitha yesigcawu iya kufuna i-kg ye-manure kunye neepunipoli eziliqela zamachumisi e-mineral, emva koko umhlaba kufuneka udongwe. Ekubeni kuchanekile ukutshala iklabishi Awazi yonke into, isityalo sihlwayelwe apho, kwakhona, apho wakhula ngonyaka odlulileyo. Oku kungalunganga ngokusesikweni, ekubeni emhlabeni kuya kubuthela izifo ezihlukahlukeneyo izifo, izibungu ziya kubonakala eziza kubangela ingcambu iingcambu. Ukuze ugweme oku, kufuneka ukhuphe izityalo ezilinyelweyo, umzekelo nge-hood ebonakalayo.

Ukufumana imbewu enamandla, kufuneka wenze ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo komxube womhlaba wezondlo, uze utshale iklabishi. Ukuze wenze oku, kucetyiswa ukuba ulungiselele umhlaba ekwindla: xuba kunye ne-turf kunye ne-humus, yongeza umlotha (i-tablespoon enye nge kilogram yomhlaba) kunye nokudibanisa i-substrate ngokupheleleyo. Umlotha uya kuvumela ukuba umhlaba umhlabathi ngezinto ezincinci kunye nezikhulu, kwaye kuya kuba ngumgangatho ochanekileyo, ukuze imbewu yokumnyama ingabonakali kwiimbewu.

Ziziphi iintlobo zokukhetha?

Ukuba ufuna ukufumana imifuno ngokukhawuleza, khawuqwalasele iintlobo "I-Polar", "uJuni" okanye "iGribovskaya", ngo-Agasti ovuthiweyo "Hope" kunye ne "Belorusskaya", kodwa iintlobo zakutshanje - "Amager" okanye "Moscow". Kule meko, ungalibali - iklabishi yezityalo Kumele ube namandla kwaye unamandla. Ngendlela, akuyimfuneko ukukhawulelwa kwiklabishi emhlophe. Umzekelo, akukho kohlrabi engekho ngaphantsi kwaye iluncedo - olu hlobo lungatyalwa kwinqanaba le-hotbed, uze uhlanyele iintsiba malunga neentsuku ezingama-20 sele sele ulala embhedeni.

Imbewu yokupheka

Ukulima kwembewu yeklabishi yinkqubo ende. Impumelelo yayo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wezinto zokutyala ezikhethiweyo. Xa ufumana ukungagcinwanga ngokungekho kakuhle okanye imbewu engalunganga, ukuvuna akufanele kulindeleke. Yingakho nangaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kufuneka uhlolisise ukuhluma. Ukwenza oku, banokuthi bangenwe ngendwangu yamanzi, bese ushiye iintsuku ezingama-5 Emva koko, imbewu ifakwe emanzini abandayo kwaye ifakwe kwisisombululo se-nitrofoss kunye namanzi.

Ukufezekisa ukunyamezela kwembewu, kufuneka uyibeke kwifriji kwaye ugcine kwindawo yokushisa ye-degree. Uninzi unomdla wokutshala iklabishi kwizityalo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ixesha apha lihlukile - kuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Ngokomzekelo, iintlobo zokuqala zingatyala ngokukhawuleza ngo-Matshi 15, kwaye ziphakathi kwee-10 ku-Aprili 10. Imbewu ihlonyelwe kumxube womhlaba, olungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Yongeza iipunipoli ezi-2 emhlabathini. I-ash ash kunye ne-spoonful of superphosphate. Emva koko umhlaba uthelelwa ebhokisini, i-Grooves 1 cm ejulile kumgama we-10 cm omnye komnye uyenziwa kuwo. Imbewu iguqulwa ngokukhawuleza, emva koko umhlabathi kufuneka uchithe. Emva kokuba izityalo ziphuhliswe kakuhle - i-stem iya kuba ngu-5 mm ubukhulu, ubuncinane amaqabunga ama-5 aya kubonakala kuyo - sihlanyela iklabishi kwindawo evulekile.

Abamelwane abakhulu

Ukususela kumakhelwane okhethwe kakuhle kunye nezinye izityalo, iklabishi iya kukhula ngakumbi. Abalimi abaninzi abanako ukugqiba apho ukutshala iklabishi. Ukuqala oko kulungile ukuthetha ukuba kulungile ukulandela imithetho emininzi:

1. Abahamba phambili kule mifuno iimbotyi, izityalo, izityalo kunye nezikhukhamba.
2. Awukwazi ukukhulisa iklabishi kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu emgceni kwindawo enye.
3. Umhlaba weklabishi kufuneka uvelise kwaye uhlelwe, kwaye ngoko ke ukhetho olufanelekileyo luyi-loam, apho kukho i-humus eninzi kwaye igcina umswakama kakuhle. Umhlaba kufuneka ungathathi hlangothi.

Iingcali zithi ukudibanisa kakuhle kwezityalo kwintsimi kukuqinisekisa ukuba isivuno siya kuba sikhulu. Oku kubangelwa ukuba izityalo ezahlukileyo (imifuno, amajikijolo) zingaba nomthelela ombi kubamelwane babo, umzekelo, ukuthatha izinto ezincedo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iklabishi kunye namakhukhamba, utamatisi, ithanga, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kunye anyanisi ithatha ezininzi izondlo emhlabeni. Ngoko ke, umbuzo wento yokutshala iklabishi, uhlala ufanelekileyo.

Abagadi bezolimo banamathela kumgaqo olandelayo xa kuhlwayelwa izityalo: ngokuqinisekileyo, ummandla wezityalo kunye nesakhiwo sengcambu ende kunye nezo nkcubeko ezingazange zithi izimpande zikhoyo. Ukutshala okunjalo kubangela ukuba izityalo azikhuphisi izondlo kunye namanzi. Awuyi kutshala iklabishi ecaleni kwesipinashi, kuba i-final ifuna ukuthambisa rhoqo, kwaye iklabishi inokwanela kwaye ngokumodareyitha komhlaba omile.

Lungiselela icebo kwangaphambili

Ukuba isayithi ngumhlaba okhuni, ngoko kufuneka ulungele ukuwa. Ngenxa yoko, xa umba, yongeza i-lime-lime, leyo ingatshintshwa ngumgubo we-dolomite okanye utywala olupompo. Imitha enye yeemitha iya kufuna ngeglasi okanye ezimbini ze powder. Ubhedi kufuneka banjwe ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, faka izinto eziphilayo kunye nezamaminerali kuwo, uze utshale iklabishi. Uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lokutsalwa komhlaba luyinto engacwangciswanga, nangona kunjalo, kubiza kakhulu. Ungakulibali ukuba iklabishi inokukhathazeka kakhulu kumachumbo equlethwe kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, umntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukucwina umhlaba ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngoko, ekuveleni umhlaba onobuthakathaka kuyimfuneko yokongeza umquba - kuxhomekeke kwimihlaba yomhlaba. Ngentwasahlobo, unako ukufaka umquba umhlaba ngomquba okanye umquba ukusuka ekubaleni kwe-3-4 kg nganye imitha yesalathisi yesayithi. Ukuba isichumisi sincinci, unako ukwenza ngokukhawuleza xa uhlala kwindawo nganye, uze utshale izityalo.

Ukuhluma nini kwaye njani?

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, le nkqubo kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuxhomekeka kwimihlobo eyahlukileyo. Iklabishi yakudala ingahlonywa ukususela ekupheleni kuka-Apreli ukuya kwiveki yokuqala kaMeyi, kwaye ngasekupheleni kwenyanga, iintlobo ezinokuthi zingalinywa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ixesha apho iklabishi ihlwayelwe iyahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe kuye kuxhomekeke kwendawo yemozulu.

Itheknoloji yokuhlawulela inezinto ezithile:

1. Iintlobo zokuqala zityalwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: phakathi kwemigangatho kufuneka ibe ngumgama we-45 cm, kwaye umqolo kufuneka ube malunga ne-25 cm.
2. Xa utyalwa iintlobo zexesha elide umgama ubude: phakathi kwemigca - 60 cm, phakathi kweerhes - 35 cm.

Ukwazi ukuba kukuphi umgama wokutshala iklabishi, kubalulekile ukuba imifuno iphucule kakuhle kwaye ingaphazamisani omnye ngexesha lokudibanisa intloko. Yona inkqubo yokutshala izityalo nayo inemibuzo emininzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka ityalwe kwimozulu ebhakabhakeni, kwaye xa itshisa, ke emva kwemini. Okwesibini, gxinisa izithombo kwiqabunga lokuqala lokwenene. Okwesithathu, ukuphucula ukubethelwa kweentlobo ezinsukwini ezi-5-6 zokuqala, ufafaze iklabishi ukusuka kumanzi anokunisela. Okwesine, ukuphepha ukutshisa kwamaqabunga eklabishi, kuyimfuneko ukutyala iintlobo kwiindawo ezinobisi.

Iinkalo zokunyamekela: ukutyilisa nokukhulula

Ukukhulisa iklabishi, kubalulekile ukunyamekela le nkqubo. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokutshala, ukutyiliswa kufuneka kulungelelaniswe - nganye intsuku yeentsuku ezimbini kwiiveki zokuqala, kunye nomitha omnye wesikwele oyidingayo ubuncinane ama-7-8 ilitha amanzi. Emva koko ukuthambisa kungenziwa rhoqo kangangoko - kanye ngeveki, malunga neekitha ezili-10 nganye ngemitha yeekredi zemibhede. Inkqubo yokukhulula idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuba imvula, umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke malunga nobunzima be-8 cm, kwaye ukhululeke zonke iintsuku ezi-6. Emva kweeveki ezintathu emva kokutyala izityalo, ukuqala kwentaba kuyenziwa emhlabathini, kunye nezinye iintsuku ezili-10 emva koko ziphindaphindiwe. Ngexesha le nkqubo kubalulekile ukuba ungathinti isiseko sentloko kunye neengcambu.

Ungalibali ngokutya

Ukukhulisa iklabishi elungileyo kwaye iqinile, kubalulekile ukwenza iingubo eziphezulu. Ngoko, ngokuqala, senza konke okusemandleni ukwenza imifuno ikhule ikhule kwaye ikhule ngokukhawuleza. Ukwenza oku, iintsuku ezingama-20 emva kokutyala, kufuneka uqale ukusondla izityalo. Ngendlela, kuyo yonke ixesha lokukhula kunye nophuhliso lweklabishi, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kwamaxesha amathathu ukuya kwezine. Ngethuba lokuqala, senza isisombululo esilandelayo: thatha iilitha ezili-10 zamanzi uze uhluthe kuyo iipunipoli ezi-2. Umququzeleli (umzekelo, isilwanyana "Effeton"). Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutyelwa kwisantya malunga nehafu yesitha nganye kwihlathi.

Emva kweentsuku ezili-10 emva kokutya kokuqala, okwesibini kuza. Ukwenza oku, kwakhona kwi-10 ilitha yamanzi, sizalela isiqingatha sesitha se-mullein okanye umquba wenkukhu, apho songeza khona isipuni se-Kemir. Kwizityalo enye, sidinga malunga neyure yesisombululo. Ezi zimbini zokugqoka eziphezulu zifunekayo xa utyalula kokuqala iintlobo zeekhabishi.

Abalimi besichumisi sesithathu bachithe ngoJuni. Ngenxa yoko, thabatha i-10 ilitha yamanzi kunye neepuni ezi-2. Superphosphate, kunye nepunipoon ye-potassium sulfate. Kwimitha nganye yesikwele kufuneka uchithe malunga neelitha ezili-7 zobunjwa. Ingubo yesine yokugqoka kufuneka iqhutywe ngo-Agasti: senza udidi lwe-10 litres zamanzi kunye nepunipoon ye-nitrophosphite kwaye sichitha malunga neekitha ezili-8 nganye kwi-square meter. Musa ukulibala malunga neenambuzane ngendlela yemigodi, i-aphid kunye ne-slugs. Ngabo unokulwa kunye noncedo lwe-ash ash - enye ingilazi kumitha nganye.

Sitshala iklabishi emhlabeni: iimpawu zenkqubo

Iklabishi yeentlobo ezidlulileyo, njengomthetho, ikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile, nangona kunjalo, kwaye le nkqubo, ebonakala iyilula, imele iqinisekiswe ngokuqinisekileyo. Kwaye ukutyala entwasahlobo abasebenzisi izityalo, kodwa imbewu. Ngaphambi kokuhlwayela, kuyimfuneko ukuyikhupha umhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, uyisuse ngokucokisekileyo emanzini, uze uhlwayelwe imbewu - ubunzulu malunga no-3 cm. Ukuzikhethela kokukhula kwindawo evulekile kukuba kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukubonakala kweentshuntsho zokuqala. Ingxaki kukuba iyakwazi ukuhlaselwa yi-fleas, ngoko kufuneka uqaphele ukukhuselwa kwezihlahla ngaphambi kwexesha. Njani ukwenza oku?

Okokuqala, kufuneka sihlole rhoqo amahlumela. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza uqaphela izimbobo kwiqabunga leklabishi, lixesha lokuthatha isenzo. Okokuqala, siyiphatha indawo ngomlotha, nangona kungcono ukwenza oku ngomhlaba omanzi. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezigulane ezisekelwe kwillic, u-anyanisi, uthuli lomsila. Okwesibini, izityalo zinokuthi zifakwe ifilimu kwangaphambili, ngokuqhuba unyango olufanayo kunye neekhemikhali. Okwesithathu, ityalwe kwiklabishi evulekile idinga inani elaneleyo lobumanzi. Oku kuchazwa yinyaniso yokuba ngenxa yamanzi amaqabunga amakhulu, amanzi amaninzi aphuphuma. Ngenxa yokungabi ncitshiswa kokunciphisa umswakama kuya kuncipha, ngoko ke kufuneka ufunde indlela yokutshala iklabishi: yenza okusemgangathweni kwiindawo eziphantsi okanye ezikufutshane namanzi. Okwesine, umswakama awufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko iklabishi iyayeka ukukhula, ibolile. Ngako oko, isityalo asikwazi ukuphupha.

Ngubani ozokhusela iklabishi?

Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba nayiphina impazamo ekunyamekeleni - ukunganakali okanye ukungaphuthelwa ukuphuza okanye ukungabi nantoni-kuya kuchaphazela ukubonakala kwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Isifo esithandwa kakhulu ngumlenze omnyama, onokulawulwa nge-substrate esekelwe ngomlotha womthi. Kunokwenzeka ukulwa nokubola kwengcambu ngoncedo lwenyango yonyango ngoncedo lwe "Trichodermin" kunye ne "Rizoplan". Ezi zi yobisi zibonakaliswa ngobungqina bezinto eziphilayo, ngoko azinaso iziphumo ezinobungozi kwiimbewu. Ngenxa yokucubungula, owokuqala phakathi kweengcambu kudala indawo ekhuselweyo kwii-microorganisms, kwaye izidakamizwa "iRizoplan" ivumela izityalo ukuba zifake isinyithi, oku kuthetha ukuba baya kuba ne-immunity kumlenze omnyama. Ngokudabukisayo, "iTrochodermin" kufuneka ifakwe kumxube womhlaba, uze utshale iklabishi.

Iklabishi ihlukile: Beijing, Brussels kunye nombala ...

Kwinqanaba eliyinhloko le nqaku esiye sathetha malunga neembonakaliso zeklabishi - silungiselela umhlaba ukuhlwayela, ukukhula izithombo kunye nokutshala kwakhona emhlabathini, iziganeko zobuhlengikazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kweklabishi emhlophe, abaninzi namhlanje batyala kunye neentlobo ezifana nombala, ihluma iBrussels , i-kohlrabi okanye i-broccoli. Nangona iimeko eziphambili zokukhuphula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zifana noko, zikhona nemiba.

Umzekelo, i-Peking kunye neklabishi yaseTshayina kufuneka ityalwe ngqo ngqo nembewu ngqo emhlabathini, njengoko izityalo zingekho ukutshintshwa. Ukongezelela, umzimba wabo womzimba ukhiwa kuphela entwasahlobo okanye ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, oko kukuthi, xa usuku lufutshane. Izithombo ze-cauliflower zinengqondo kwaye zifuna umgangatho womhlaba: kufuneka zityalwe kumhlaba ocebileyo ogcwele i-manganese ne-boron. Kulo mgcini kufanele kube lunelisekile kwaye lunyame, kunye nobushushu. Kodwa ukushisa kakhulu kwesolifulawa kuyingozi, kunye nomhlaba owomileyo.

Ubunqwenelekayo bezihluma zaseBrussels zisemgangathweni ophezulu, apho amaqabunga akhiwa kwii-axils zamagqabi - ukuya kwii-90 zeengcezu zingenziwa. Ixesha lokutshala le mifuno li malunga neentsuku ezingama-160, ngoko ke ityalwe ikakhulu kwiimbewu. Ukulima, imbewu kufuneka ihlwaywe ngomhla wama-20 ka-Epreli kwiminyango evulekile. Ngethuba losuku kusasa amahlumela ama-5, kwaye ngoko ngeli xesha bafanele baphathwe ngotshani okanye uthuli lomsila ukukhusela izityalo kwi-freyfish.

... kohlrabi kunye ne-broccoli

Ezi ntlobo zeklabishi zihlwayelwa kungekho rhoqo, kodwa kusekho ezininzi iziqhamo. I-Broccoli inentloko evulekileyo, ifakwe kwi-green to purple. Olu hlobo luyinto enzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nekholifulawa. Nangona kunjalo, imbewu kufuneka ilungiswe ngaphambi kokutyala. Ukwenza oku, bafakwa emanzini ashushu ngamaminithi angama-15, ngoko kubanda kumzuzu kwaye emva kweeyure eziyi-12 kwisisombululo sezinto ezilandelelanayo. Emva koko, imbewu kufuneka ihlanjwe kwaye imiswe. Ummandla phantsi kwe-broccoli kufuneka ulungiswe ngethuba lekwindla, ungeze i-lime emhlabathini. Kodwa phantsi kweklabishi ngokwayo, isichumiso kufuneka senziwe entwasahlobo: ingaba yinto engumgubo, i-superphosphate, i-ash ash okanye urea.

Ukuba i-broccoli ikhulile kunye nezithombo, umxube womhlaba oqukethe i-peat, turf kunye nesihlabathi kwi-1: 1: 1 kuya kufuneka. Sebenzisa umhlaba osele kumyezo ungathandeki, kuba unokusuleleka kumlenze omnyama. Emva kokuhlwayela imbewu, umntu kufuneka alwele ukugcina ubushushu obungama-degrees angama-20, kwaye xa ihluma ivela, ubushushu bunokunciphisa ukuya kwi-degrees ezili-10. Kubalulekile ukuba ungabonisi umgca, ngaphandle koko imbewu iyagula. Xa iiveki ezimbini zikhupha idiza, kodwa kwiimbewu ezivulekile zomhlaba zingatyalwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ukwenzela ukuba asebenzise ilanga, umoya kunye nobushushu buguquka.

Kohlrabi ezahlukeneyo stebleplod amanzi futhi maxabiso. Oku kube ikhaphetshu kwangethuba, kwakunye kunyaka wama- kwaye kade-esivuthiweyo. Kuba iintlobo yokuqala izithole kufuneka, oko ingatyalwa ngasekupheleni Epreli. Kamsinya nje kukho embalwa amagqabi oyinyaniso, izithole kufuneka zityalwe emhlabeni. Ukuba kohlrabi ikhule ngaphandle izithole, imbewu kufuneka ukuhlwayela ngamaza ezimbini okanye ezintathu, lo lekhefu kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-20. Ixesha kangangoko kule - phakathi Juni ukuya ekuqaleni Agasti. Olu hlobo zekhaphetshu kufuneka rhoqo moisturize: kanye izithole ndatyala, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka ube zonke iintsuku 2-3. Ke ungaya ekunkcenkcesheleni kanye ngeveki. Emva ngasinye moistening umhlaba kufuneka yakhululeka ukuya ubunzulu 5-8 cm.

Ikhaphetshu - imifuno ezilungileyo, ngoko kuthandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ukuze ukhule ngesivuno esihle kwi sayithi yakho, kufuneka kancinane - nje ukwazi nini kwaye njani ukuba batyale izithole nendlela ukulungisa umhlaba.