Uphindaphindo bomhlathi. Ukuphinda-phinda nokwahlula bomhlathi

Ngomnyaka wesithathu abantwana besikolo samabanga aqalile ukufunda iimeko Vnetablichnoe-phinda nokwahlula-hlula. Amanani ngaphakathi iwaka - umbandela apho kukho wabongamela yesihloko. amanani inkqubo okunikezelwe lahlule kunye nokusebenza phinda kwaye triple-digit ukuvelisa umzekelo ocacile. Ngexesha lo msebenzi kumxholo utitshala uqalisa ukwakha ebantwaneni obu buchule ebalulekileyo-phinda nokwahlula elide. In yesine izakhono grade ukusebenza ngaphandle luyaqhubeka, kodwa wasebenzisa izinto lwamanani phakathi kwesigidi. Division phinda lwenziwa ikholam kule nombolo enkulu.

Yintoni sisiseko le phindo

Root indawo apho phindo algorithm multivalued kwinani multivalued ziyafana xa usebenzisa kwi-nye. Amalungelo ntofontofo abantwana, kukho ezininzi. Baye "ziyachazwa" ngabafundi kwibanga lesithathu.

Umthetho wokuqala bitwise. Elesibini sikuko usebenzisa itafile phinda ngenxa yokumpompoza nganye.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi zikhokelo nzima xa esenza umsebenzi kunye multi-manani.

Ezishicilelweyo umzekelo alandelayo aya kukunceda uqonde ukuba yintoni na busengozini. Zicingele iimfuno 80 x 5 ne-80 x 50.

Kwimeko yokuqala, umfundi ucinga njalo: 8 elinesibini kufuneka phindwa amaxesha-5, uya kufumana amanqaku efanayo, khona apho kuya kubakho 40 8 x 5 = 40, 40 elinesibini - ngu 400, ngoko 80 x 5 = 400 algorithm iingxoxo elula necacileyo umntwana. Kwimeko inkathazo, kungaba lula ukufumana iziphumo usebenzisa isiphumo zokudibanisa. nazo zingasetyenziswa njani ukubuyisela umsebenzi uphinda-engapheliyo ukuqinisekisa izibalo zabo.

Ukuze ufumane ixabiso ibinzana lesibini kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ityala ezivunyiweyo ze-8 x 5 Kodwa yintoni nqanaba liya kuba ifunyenwe units 40? Lo mbuzo for abantwana kakhulu zisavuliwe. Ukwamkelwa indawo isiphumo phindo lwe Ukongeza kule meko, ezingenangqondo, kuba isiphumo iya kuba imigaqo-50, ngoko ke sebenzisa ukuze ufumane isiphumo akwenzeki. Kucaca ukuba ulwazi zokusombulula umzekelo akwanelanga. Kuyabonakala ukuba, kukho eminye imithetho phinda amanani amaninzi anomvo. Kwaye kufuneka ukuba ezichongiweyo.

Le umgudu odibeneyo katitshala kunye nabantwana, kuyacaca ukuba i-phindo yenani multivalued kwi isakhono eziyimfuneko multivalued ukusebenzisa umthetho associative, apho omnye wemiba indawo imveliso (80 x 50 = 80 x 5 x 10 = 400 x 10 = 4000)

Ukongeza, indlela kunokwenzeka xa usebenzisa umthetho nosasazwayo-phindo phezu ukudibanisa okanye nokuthabatha. Kulo mzekelo, omnye wemiba kufuneka kufakwe yi-sum of amagama amabini okanye ngaphezulu.

umsebenzi Research abantwana

Abafundi ikhonza eziliqela imizekelo lo hlobo. Abantwana ixesha ngalinye uzama ukufumana indlela elula yaye ngokukhawuleza ukusombulula, kodwa kuzo lonke ixesha kufuneka kubekho izisombululo ebhala inkqubela okanye inkcazo eneenkcukacha ngomlomo.

Utitshala wenza oku, iinjongo ezimbini. Okokuqala, abantwana bazi, umsebenzi omkhulu ngaphandle indlela kwenu kukusebenza phindo linani multi-kakhulu. Okwesibini, kuza ukuqonda ukuba indlela ukubhala amagama ezo ndawo kungelula kakhulu. Kukho kuza ngesiquphe xa abafundi ngokwabo wacela ukuba abhale phindo phantsi komxholo.

Amanqanaba ukufunda phindo linani multi-kakhulu.

Xa iingcebiso lwemethodoloji isifundo esi sihloko yenziwa ngezigaba eziliqela. Kufuneka balandele enye emva kwenye, nto leyo abafundi ukuze baqonde intsingiselo ngokupheleleyo iintshukumo uphando. Uluhlu izigaba utitshala ivula umfanekiso yonke inkqubo yesicelo impahla yabantwana:

• elizimeleyo search abafundi iindlela ukufumana amaxabiso wexesha imveliso multipliers multi-phezulu;
• ukusombulula ingxaki usebenzisa impahla associative, kwakunye unit phindo kunye amaqanda;
• phinda uvavanyo yesakhono amanani ngeenxa zonke;
• sebenzisa kwi izibalo ngokuphathelele impahla nosasazwayo zokudibanisa phindo nokuthabatha;
• imisebenzi multivalued kunye phindo lwamanani phantsi komxholo.

Landela la manyathelo, utitshala kufuneka ahlawule rhoqo ingqalelo kubantwana usondela uxhulumaniso ubhalo izinto bafunda ngaphambili ukuba lubekhona isihloko entsha. Abafundi nje kuphela benza-phindo, kodwa ukufunda ukuthelekisa, bathabatha izigqibo yaye benze izigqibo.

Imisebenzi-phindo kwisikolo samabanga

Mfundisi, ukufundisa imathematika, uyazi ukuba kuza kufika ixesha xa sesine-ugrade unombuzo malunga nendlela banyamezele phindo kwalomu ka amanani amaninzi anomvo. Ukuba yena nabafundi bakhe ngexesha iminyaka emithathu yoqeqesho - kwiklasi-2, 3, no-4 - ngenjongo kwaye uhlaziywe bafunda intsingiselo ethile phinda yonke imibuzo enxulumene nale msebenzi, ubunzima kuphuhliso yesihloko abantwana bafanele kuvela.

Yiyiphi imisebenzi zaye ngaphambili intetho abafundi kunye notitshala wabo?

1. Lolu phindo itafile amatyala, oko kukuthi, ukufumana iziphumo inyathelo elinye. A imfuneko yale nkqubo ukuzisa izakhono ukuzenzekela.
2. I-phindo lwamanani enkulu kwi-nye. Isiphumo ezifunyenwe yi uphindaphindo lamanyathelo, apho abantwana sele ilifa befezekile.
3. Ukuphinda-phinda amanani multivalued kwi multivalued eyenziwa ngokuphinda- phinda amanyathelo achazwe kumhlathi 1 no 2. Isiphumo sokugqibela lufumaneka ngokuhlanganisa amaxabiso unxulumano eliphakathi kunye neemveliso ezingaphelelanga kunye yamanzi.

Ukusebenzisa iimpawu ukuphinda-phinda

Phambi kokuba maphepha alandelayo aya kuvela imizekelo textbook phinda uKholam 4 iklasi kufuneka bafunde kakuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa indlela computing ukufezekisa associative kunye nempahla ngayinye.

Xa oko kufunyanisiweyo kunye nokuthelekisa abafundi bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ipropati associative-phindo ukufumana imveliso yamanani multi-digit isetyenziswa kuphela xa elinye izinto kutshintshwa kuze kufakwe imveliso yamanani anomvo omnye. Kwaye akusoloko kusenzeka.

impahla ngayinye-phindo kulo mzekelo lisebenza njenge jikelele. Abantwana phawula ukuba into angasoloko indawo yi-mali okanye umahluko, ngoko ipropati isetyenziselwa ngesisombululo nayiphi umzekelo phindo lwamanani multidigit.

Algorithm ukurekhoda nokusebenza phindaphinda kumhlathi

Bhala umhlathi phinda yeyona indawo yonke. Ukufundisa abantwana kule hlobo kuyilo luqala Ukrainian lunee ntlobo phinda amanani elikhulu nemivo.

bayamenywa Abantwana ukudala zokuhamba ezabo ukwenza uphinda-phindo. Ukwazi oku algorithm ndiya kummela isakhono Ukwakheka ngempumelelo. Ngoko ke, utitshala akuyomfuneko ukutyala ixesha uze uzame ukuba benze zonke iinzame ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalelo uphumezo izenzo xa iphinda phindiweyo ngo ikholam sele sifundiwe abantwana "ezigqwesileyo".

Uqheliso owabelwe isakhono kwakhiwe

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba imizekelo phindo kwikholam, bacela abantwana sifundo isifundo esintsonkothileyo. Emva Ukuqhelana-phinda ngo-inombolo enamanani-ababini abantwana bafunda ukulawula-digit ezintathu, inani elinemivo emine.

Kuba imizekelo zezakhono isaphulelo esebenza isisombululo ukulungele kodwa phakathi kwabo ngabom urekhoda iimpazamo. Umsebenzi abafundi ukuba babone kakuhle, achaze isizathu sokuba ukubonakala kwazo irekhodi echanekileyo.

Ngoku, ukusombulula iingxaki, zibalo, kunye nazo zonke ezinye imisebenzi apho kuyimfuneko ukuba enze i-phindo lwamanani multi-digit, ubhaliso kufunwa abafundi babhale umhlathi.

Uphuhliso lwe ACU kwengqondo ekufundeni yesihloko "Phindaphinda amanani kwikholam"

nekugxininiswa kakhulu kuzo phaya kumagumbi okufundisela, ngomhla isifundo esi sihloko, ukuba kuphuhliswe yezenzo cognitive ndibhaqe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusombulula le ngxaki, ukhetho lwe ulwamkelo kakhulu kakuhle.

Ukusebenzisa iisekethe ukuze nokuqiqa, ukumiselwa ubudlelwane unobangela nefuthe, uhlalutyo izinto bebona ezisekelwe iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ekhethiweyo - ". I-phindo kwikholam" elinye iqela kuyilwa izakhono zokuqonda kwi isifundo isihloko

Ukufundisa abantwana iindlela yokwahlula amanani multi-anomvo lomhlathi yobhaliso ukurekhodwa lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba abantwana bafunde phinda.