El Nino - yintoni na? Apho imiswe phakathi kwawo. Isenzeko kunye mkhuba El juanita

Ngawo onke amaxesha, umatshini emthubi uye waphakamisa iireyithingi zayo iindaba ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuba abe umlinganiswa eyimfihlakalo, ebuhlungu, inkanuko okanye ziveza. Kutshanje, Noko ke, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi ekuqaleni zokoyikisa kwiintlekele ezininzi zendalo, ekupheleni kwehlabathi, njl Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha kwizimanga zendalo, nto leyo maxa wambi imida kwi nobugqi - .. Ukuzifudumeza ngexesha El juanita. Yintoni na? Lo mbuzo udla ngokubuzwa ngabantu kwi kwiiforam ezahlukeneyo Internet. Makhe ukuphendula kuyo.

ngumkhuba Natural of El juanita

Ngowe-1997-1998. kwiplanethi yethu zamisa enye ntlekele inkulu wakha abhalwe yendalo enxulumene nale meko. Le meko lubizwa elabangela imbambano ngalo mbande- kwaye zatsala ingqalelo kumajelo eendaba ehlabathini, yaye igama lakhe - El juanita. Yintoni ebangela isenzeko, isixelela encyclopedia. Ukuze wayibeka esayensi, i-El Nino nesenzeko - lutshintsha yemichiza ezimbaxa kunye lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo parameters yeegesi nolwandle, ukuthatha uhlobo yentlekele. Njengoko ubona, kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda inkcazelo, ngoko zama ukubona ngapha emehlweni umntu oqhelekileyo. In iimbekiselo wakhankanya ukuba isenzeko El Nino imele kuphela ngoku efudumeleyo, nto leyo maxa wambi kwenzeka kunxweme ePeru, Ecuador kunye Chile. Uhlobo ukuvela oku, izazinzulu abakwazi ukuchaza. kanye lo mkhuba igama livela Spanish yaye lithetha "sana". El nino got igama layo kuba kuphela ekupheleni kukaDisemba kubonakala kwaye ihambelana Catholic leKrismesi.

isimo oluqhelekileyo

Ukuze siqonde uhlobo ngokupheleleyo le meko ezingaqhelekanga, kuqala cinga imeko eqhelekileyo zemozulu kulo mmandla wonke umhlaba. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba imozulu ezolileyo eNtshona Yurophu sichaza efudumeleyo Gulf Stream, icwangcisa ithowuni ye-Antarctic ebandayo kwi Pacific Ocean njengoko Southern saseNtla yangoku Peruvian. Ezikhoyo imimoya Atlantic apha - imimoya trade usiya South American kunxweme olusentshona, ukunqumla Andes weentaba, yishiye nayiphi na ukufuma kumathambeka zasempumalanga. Ngenxa yoko inxalenye yasentshona zwekazi a ezilulwalwa entlango apho imvula kunqabile kakhulu. Noko ke, xa imimoya yorhwebo ukuzuza ukufuma kakhulu ukuba ukuthutha ngokusebenzisa Andes, apha akha ngoku umphezulu ngamandla, nto leyo ebangela kwakhula amanzi kude nonxweme. It kwatsala ingqalelo iingcali cwe umsebenzi ngokobugcisa kulo mmandla. Apha, babambisa encinci intlanzi ngonyaka isithuba mkhulu kwe-20% yehlabathi. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kummandla iintaka neentlanzi-ukutya. A mass omkhulu Umgquba (nokuwiswe) lujolise kwiindawo zoqokelelo lwabo - njengesichumisi ezixabisekileyo. Kwezinye iindawo, ifikelela ubukhulu umaleko leemitha 100. Ezi iidipozithi ziye zaba yinto yemveliso mveliso kumazwe angaphandle.

intlekele

Ngoku makhe sithethe ngoko kwenzekayo xa yangoku efudumeleyo El juanita. Kulo mzekelo, utshintsha kakhulu le meko. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo ekhokelela ekufeni ngobuninzi zentlanzi okanye ukulungiswa kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iintaka. Ngaphezu koko kukho ukuhla womoya kwimpuma lwePasifiki, kubonakala amafu, imimoya urhwebo kuthotha, kwaye umoya yatshintsha indlela yayo. Ngenxa yoko, kumathambeka yasentshona Andes kuhla amanzi, kukho ehlokomayo imilambo, izikhukula, mudflows. Kwaye phezu kwelinye icala wePasifiki - Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea - uqala imbalela enkulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimililo ihlathi nokutshatyalaliswa izityalo zolimo. Kodwa lo El Nino ayikho kuphela: ukusuka kunxweme Chilean of California kunye ukuqala ukuphuhlisa "red tide", ezo zibangelwa ekukhuleni lisiza ngemikroskopu. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba yonke into icacile, kodwa ke uhlobo ziyenzeka akucacanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuvela Abafoti yamanzi ashushu bakholwe ngenxa utshintsho imimoya, kunye nemimoya shift bezulu zichaza ukufudumeza amanzi. Oko ezinjalo El juanita. Yintoni ebangela kwisangqa eqhubekayo? Noko ke, makhe sijonge ezinye iimeko eziye zalahlekelwa sezulu iingcali.

Degas Imeko ka El Nino

Yintoni na le nto banceda zokuma baqonde. Kuba try lula ngayo ukuba kude amagama athile zenzululwazi uxelele bonke ulwimi ethandwayo. Kuyabonakala, El Nino eqalisiweyo olwandle mousengapha kwenye yeendawo ezininzi esebenzayo inkqubo ingxabano yedeskthopi (break uqweqwe). hydrogen esebenzayo ekhululwa enzonzobileni emhlabeni, oya kufikelela umphezulu, yakha ngumbala mpilo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ubushushu leyo ukufudumala kunye namanzi. Ukongeza, oku kukhokelela ukuvela ozone umngxuma phezu mmandla, okwenza ukuba zokufudumeza kakhulu yolwandle radiation elanga. Kungenzeka, ilanga indima ekumiseleni kule nkqubo. Konke oku kukhokelela ekwandeni ukuncipha xi umphunga, kangangokuba nenkanyamba yenziwe.

isivuno eziphilayo

Kutheni, kulo mmandla, umsebenzi aphezulu eziphilayo? Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba lithobela ngokugqithiseleyo "umgquba 'amachibi Asia kunye izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-50 ngaphezu koko kwezinye iindawo Pacific Ocean. Ngokwemveli, ukuba yenziwe ukucacisa umoya ebbs amanzi efudumeleyo zonxweme - upwelling. Kule nkqubo, amanzi abandayo ahlanganiswe izondlo (nitrogen kunye phosphorus), liphuma enzonzobileni. Kwaye xa kukho efudumeleyo ngoku El Nino, upwelling na ikuphwe kakubi, ebulelweyo okanye ukuthutha ngenxa yeentaka kunye nentlanzi. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba yonke into ecacileyo neqondakalayo. Kodwa apha, izazinzulu ezininzi musa ukugqiba. Umzekelo, indlela ukunyusa amanzi enzonzobileni yolwandle kancinane "iyintsomi". Izazinzulu ukuvelisa imilinganiselo lobushushu kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, utsaleleka nkqo ukuya elunxwemeni. Ngoko iceba (isotherms), ukuthelekisa umgangatho amanzi onxweme kunye enzonzobila, kwaye kwenza iziphumo ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu kulinganiswa emanzini onxweme zichanekile na, kuba siyazi ukuba silwa wabo wathatha current Peruvian. Ewe, kwaye inkqubo yokwakha isotherms lonke unxweme kuphosakele, ngenxa yokuba imimoya ezikhoyo ukuvuthela ecaleni kwawo.

Kodwa inguqulo yedeskthopi ngokulula ungena kwesi skim. Kudala kwaziwa ukuba Ebubanzini yalo mmandla liphantsi kakhulu isiqulatho amanzi oksijini (isizathu yeyona discontinuity zejoloji) - ngaphantsi naphi na ehlabathini. A maleko top (30m), phezu koko, abazizityebi engaqhelekanga ngenxa kubo yangoku Peruvian. Kungenxa kule nwebu ye (imimandla phezu ingxabano) nokudala iimeko ezizodwa ukwenzela uphuhliso yobomi. Xa kubonakala ukuba El Nino, ummandla degassing abasebenzi, kunye umaleko umphezulu obhityileyo ugcwele imethane hydrogen. Oku kukhokelela ekufeni izidalwa eziphilayo, kwaye kuswela ngokutya kwezilwanyana.

red tide

Nangona kunjalo, nokufika ubomi apha alutshitshi intlekele yendalo. Emanzini, aqale ukwanda ngenkuthalo ulwelwe kwiseli - dinoflagellates. umbala wabo obomvu biyela yiultraviolet ilanga (itno sele kuchaziwe, ukuba una ozone luqokelelane phezu mmandla). Ngoko ke, ngenxa yobuninzi lisiza ngemikroskopu, eziphilayo ezininzi zaselwandle ukuba asebenze izihluzi wolwandle (iimbatyisi, njalo njalo), Yibani enobuhlungu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kukutya ikhokelela ityhefu kakhulu.

Le modeli kuqinisekiswa

Cinga into umdla engqina ubunyani version degassing. ngumphandi American D. Walker babesenza umsebenzi uhlahlelo amacandelo esi kummango kwamanzi, ebangela ukuba bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ngexesha elivela kuzo El Nino kabukhali enomfutho ziintshukumo zenyikima. Kodwa elide kuye kwaziwa ukuba Idla ngu okwandileyo degassing ongaphantsi. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, izazinzulu bedidekile nje unobangela kunye nesiphumo. Kubonakala ukuba awuyitshintshanga le ulwalathiso El nino - yinto ngenxa kunokuba ngunobangela lweziganeko ezilandelayo. Inzuzo kule modeli kungqinwa kukuba kule minyaka ngokoqobo amanzi amabi ukusuka ukukhululwa zegesi.

La UNina

Ngoko wabiza Isigaba sokugqibela El Nino, nto leyo ekhokelele ukuba amanzi okupholisa elirhabaxa. Nhlamuselo yendalo le meko - ukutshatyalaliswa ozone phezu Antarctica kunye ikhweyitha, nto leyo ebangela ukunyibilika komkhenkce nezikhokelela ukungena kwamanzi abandayo kulo Peru apho ayaphola kunye El Nino.

imbangela kwisithuba

Amajelo wasola El Nino izikhukula eMzantsi Korea, kuneqabaka nanto eYurophu, imbalela kunye nemililo e Indonesia, ukutshatyalaliswa-ozone, njl Noko ke, xa sikhumbula into yokuba athi phezu - .. Nje ngenxa yeenkqubo zejoloji ziyenzeka kwi izibilini zehlabathi, ngoko kufuneka ucinge ingcambu unobangela. Yena ifihle kwi ifuthe ingundoqo-langa amasimi omxhuzulane le inyanga, lidane ilanga, iiplanethi benkqubo yethu, kunye nezinye imizimba yasezulwini. Ngoko ke ityala El Nino luphunzile ...