Ukubunjwa, Imfundo Secondary nezikolo
Education, uhlobo, isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi lysosomes
Inqaku lethu singathanda eyisingela umbuzo wokuba yintoni na isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi lysosomes. Sinenkangeleko eneenkcukacha kwi indaba engile ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uhlobo ukuyilwa kwezi ziseko, iintlobo zazo, iimpawu isakhiwo kunye neminye imiba emininzi.
Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele izinto ezenza isakhiwo umsebenzi lysosomes, ndifuna ukucacisa ezinye iinkcukacha. Zonke izinto eziphilayo asirhawule, iqanjwa amasuntswana yakhiwe, iiseli. Ingabonwa kuphela ngemicroscope. Kodwa iseli - yinkqubo epheleleyo eziquka iinxalenye ezincinane, ezo zibizwa ngokuba organelles. Namhlanje siza kuthetha omnye wabo.
Yenyani: ntoni na?
Yintoni na isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi lysosomes? Le organelle ubukhulu amancinane, ngoko ke abanokufakwa ehokweni imali enkulu. Kwelinye icala, ezinye iiseli nobulembu ziqulathe 1 kuphela okanye 2 lysosomes abo bungu mkhulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo (malunga 0.2 microns). Ngoko ke, zonke lysosomes zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu:
- eziziiprayimari;
- zamabanga;
- iiseli residual.
Njengoko sihlolisisa ekukhangelayo isakhiwo umsebenzi lysosomes, i ngakumbi ukusuka nqaku kucacile ukuba kutheni kufuneka ezi ntlobo kwaye yintoni na intsingiselo yazo umsebenzi cell. Kubalulekile kuphela ukucacisa ukuba lysosomes lokuqala ukuya aphakamileyo, kodwa inqubo akwenzeki.
Isakhiwo lysosomes
Ziziphi lysosomes, isakhiwo kunye umsebenzi? Le theyibhile iya kusinceda sikwazi ukujamelana yintoni na organelles ngaphakathi. Organelles ziqulathe enzyme iiproteins ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama-50. Yenyani ngokwayo lihambisana inwebu obhityileyo ohlukanisa arhente bioactive ukusuka bume iseli elingaphakathi. Kwitheyibhile esisibeka ngayo enzyme zibalulekileyo kwaye uchaze imisebenzi yabo.
enzyme | inani |
esterase | Kufuneka ukuba ndidilize kaEtere utywala. |
Peptide hydrolase | Kufuneka ukuba haydrolisis of iikhompawundi ukuba bond peptide. Eli qela libandakanya iiproteni, peptides kunye nezinye izinto. |
nuclease | Eli qela enqanda ibalekisa haydrolisis iibhondi phosphodiester kwi polynucleotide chain asidi acid. Ngaloo kwakhiwa mono - kunye oligonucleotides. |
glucosidase | I-enzyme eli qela zinika inkqubo kokusasaza carbohydrate. |
hydrolase | zisetyenziselwa haydrolisis of amides. |
Ukwenziwa lysosomes
Ngoko ke siyayazi ukuba lysosomes, isakhiwo umsebenzi (ngokufutshane) ukuba sihlolisise ngokufutshane kweli nqaku. Sele wathi organelles bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu (eziziiprayimari, eziziisekondari iiseli intsalela). Iqela lokuqala luqokelelane ukusuka inwebu ye izixhobo Golgi, bona kweli nyathelo lula edidekile kunye vacuoles ezincinane. Lysosomes ezi organelles ukudibanisa kwaye akha isakhiwo ezinokuntsonkotha nobukhulu.
Ukuba yenyani zaseprayimari liphuhlisa nayiphi na into, ngoko iseli uqala inkqubo ukwetyisa. Organelle egu- ohlaba umchiza ngenxa enzyme, vele kudidi lysosomes eziziisekondari. Ngenxa yoko, izinto ezinakho kuyilwa ukwetyisa zilinganisiwe iiseli eyintsalela (oku ke isigaba sesithathu lomjikelo wobomi lysosomes).
umsebenzi organelles
Siye kwakhona iintlobo lysosomes, ubume kunye nemisebenzi (jonga itheyibhile) - oko umbuzo wethu olandelayo. Sagqiba ekubeni asebenzise ifomu kakhulu ecacileyo neqondakalayo, ie itafile.
umsebenzi | feature |
ukugaywa intracellular | Lysosomes ibe inani elikhulu enqanda ekwaziyo ohlaba naziphi iikhompawundi yi haydrolisis. Kwaye ukugaywa intracellular kwenzeka. Substances ukungena lysosomes kwaye makenziwe ukwenza i khompawundi eliphantsi ubunzima eziphilayo, neziye zithi ke ngoko lisebenzisa iseli iimfuno zaso. |
autophagy | Le nkqubo iza kuphelisa organelles ezingeyomfuneko okanye omdala cell. Autophagy - indlela ukuhlaziya organelles iseli. |
autolysis | Ngenye indlela, le nkqubo ngokuba self-ukutshatyalaliswa iiseli. Xa inwebu of lysosomes iiseli zitshatyalalisiwe, iyafa yokugqibela. |
isiphelo
Siye safunda, yintoni ke lysosomes. Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi (jonga itheyibhile) zanikezelwa kweli nqaku. Xa ndiphetha Ndingathanda ukuvakalisa ukuba waphula umthetho organelles data inokuba ezinye izifo. Umzekelo, iyeza eyaziwa izifo ilifa, edibene ne waphula kwemisebenzi ukuba lysosomes. Eli qela ezimbi ziquka mucopolysaccharidoses, sfingolipidozy, glikoproteinozy kunye nabanye abaninzi.
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