Ukunceda umfundi: isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Ubuchule Soviet Russian umbhali A. I. Solzhenitsyna ubhekisela kumaphepha amaninzi okuphawulekayo kwaye ebalulekileyo uncwadi lwethu. Sinokholo ezingundoqo ukuba umfundi kukuba umbhali kuye kwanyanzela abantu ukuba bacinge malunga ezidlulileyo yam, malunga namaphepha anzima imbali, uthe inyaniso nkohlakalo malunga imiyalelo ezininzi ngokungenabuntu olawulo waseSoviet yaye lwalusenza iingcambu athile ngokomoya kamva - emva Perestroyka - ngezizukulwana. Ibali "Matryona" kule nkalo, eyona nkolo.

Imbali yokudalwa ngokuphila mibala

Ngoko ke, imbali kwendalo kunye nohlalutyo. "Matryona" libhekisela amabali, nangona ubukhulu bayo iphezulu kakhulu-sikhokelo yemveli okhankanyiweyo uhlobo boncwadi. Libhalwe ngo-1959 ze yapapashwa - enkosi kwimisebenzi kunye nemigudu Tvardovsky, umhleli we okuqhubekayo ngexesha lowu boncwadi "Yehlabathi Elitsha" - ngo-1963, kwiminyaka emine ozilindeleyo - ixesha elifutshane kakhulu ixesha umbhali oye wahlala kwiinkampu kunye ibala "utshaba abantu "bahlukunyezwe emva kokupapashwa" Ngenye imini kwi Ivana Denisovicha. "

Siza kuqhubeka uhlalutyo. "Matryona" abahlalutyi okuqhubekayo cinga umsebenzi okokuba banamandla nangaphezulu kwaye okubalulekileyo ngaphezulu kwe "Day One ...". Ukuba amabali malunga kwabantu ibanjwa Shukhov umfundi wathimba ezintsha ze umbandela, isibindi ukuba ukhethe umxholo kunye yayo, amandla kokumgxeka, ukulandisa Matryona solo ulwimi emangalisayo, ekufundeni ilizwi ophilileyo Russian nesigxina iphezulu yokuziphatha, nje yokomoya, leyo zizaliswe iphepha imveliso leyo. Solzhenitsyn izicwangciso igama ibali ngale ndlela: "Kuyinto kungafanelekanga ilali ngaphandle indoda elilungisa" ukuya mxholo uphambili kwaye mbono ekuqaleni ibango. Kodwa ukuhlola kunganzima ukuba awukho elibi kangaka ngenxa Soviet yokungabi igama ideology kuba la mazwi umbhali sele ifakiwe ekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe, obizwa ngokuba igama Heroine. Kodwa ke, eli bali iphumelele nje lobeko.

Yiyiphi enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba uqaphele, iqhubheka uhlalutyo? "Matryona" libhekisela uncwadi ebizwa njalo-EMDC zasemaphandleni, ulungisa ingqalelo ukubaluleka kwayo ezisisiseko kolu xinzelelo kwimizobo Russian ngomlomo. Ingqibelelo neqiniso lwengcingane ngayo umbhali, indawo nzima yokuziphatha nokuthantamisa esiba, ukungakwazi ukulalanisa, njengoko censors afuna neemeko kuye kwadala abathintela ibali, kwelinye icala, kunye, umzekelo ecacileyo elikhanyayo ababhali - Solzhenitsyn owayephila ngexesha elinye. indawo yombhali ayikwazanga ukubalisa kuba ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi umxholo imisebenzi. Kwaye nako kuba ngenye indlela, libalisa Matryona olilungisa, osekhulile yamahlwempu Ibhinqa Hamlet Talnovo abahlala kakhulu ukuba asinguwo i "angaphakathi", ekuqaleni sasemaphandleni Russian.

Kunye kwase ye Heroine Solzhenitsyn wayesazi ngokobuqu. Enyanisweni, uthi ngaye - emkhosini yangaphambili, ngubani na ochithe iminyaka elishumi kwiinkampu elubhacweni, kakhulu udiniwe kobunzima kunye nokungabi yobomi kunye emphefumlweni otyhafileyo ukuba ukuphumla cwaka ezolileyo nemudronoy yephondo. Kwaye Matrona Vasilevna Grigoreva - it Matrona Zakharova Miltsevo kuloo lali, endlwini apho wadubula uAleksandr Isaevich-engile. Ubomi Matrona webali - ziyahlelwa a ngobugcisa ngokubanzi umfazi elula ngenene Russian ezimbalwa.

Umxholo kunye ingcamango umsebenzi

Abo ulifundile ibali, ukuze ukuba nzima kwaye nohlalutyo. "Matryona" - uhlobo lwe umzekeliso bessrebrenitse, mfazi mihle zobubele kunye nezloblivosti. ubomi bakhe bonke - ukukhonza abantu. Wayesebenza efama for "kosuku-izinti", ezilahlekileyo zempilo, kodwa akazange afumane ipension. Yokukhwela kulo mzi, ukuba sizabalazela nzima ngenxa yayo, kwaye musa ungathanda ukukhalaza, umkhulungwane, kokukhona imfuno into. Kodwa xa usihlalo Kolkhoz kufuneka ukuba baye emsebenzini kwi yokuvuna okanye esusa, enoba kubi okanye uzive ngokwabo Matrona, yaye lwalunjani, yanceda ukubangela. Ke ukuba abamelwane bacela ukuba isandla ukwemba iitapile - baziphethe kakuhle. Andizange wathabatha intlawulo ngomsebenzi, bavuya ngokwasemphefumlweni kuwe satyeba kokuvuna kwaye nomona, xa iitapile awo ecikizekileyo, nangona ubuso.

"Matryona" - isincoko ezisekelwe Imigqaliselo umbhali ngayo umphefumlo twisiseka Russian. Yile umphefumlo Heroine. Ngaphandle, mhle uphila kakuhle kakhulu, phantse nische, kuba sisityebi yaye intle ngokungaqhelekanga ihlabathi engaphakathi, ukukhanyiselwa yakhe. Andizange besukela ubutyebi, yaye yonke loo nto elungileyo - ibhokhwe, engwevu cat iziqhwala, izityalo irabha kwigumbi eliphezulu kodwa amaphela. Ukungabi nabantwana babo, yena owamvusayo kungenelwe uKoreshi - intombi ka-ex-nesoka. Yena unika ibe yinxalenye indlu enguronta, kwaye ngexesha ezothutho, ukunceda zifa phantsi amavili uloliwe.

Uhlalutyo imveliso "Matryona" inceda ibonisa indlela yenkqubo enomdla. Ngexesha ubomi babantu abafana Matryona lokho tyala izalamane ejikelezileyo, yadubadubeka, ukutyabuka, kugwetywa. Ezo oodade Heroine, "isijwili" nto, lilela nto eseleyo kuwo emva izinto okanye ubutyebi, balinda uze nto. Kodwa ukufa kwakhe ngathi ukucima kwidolophana ethile idangatye, nangona mnyama, ukuphupha, nakakhulu kwaba. Ngapha koko, kukuba Matrona olilungisa, elibamba ihlabathi, ngaphandle apho angafanele ilali okanye isixeko, okanye Umhlaba ngokwawo.

Ewe, Matrona - umfazi omdala ibuthathaka. Kodwa kuya kwenzeka ntoni kuthi xa enjalo apha abagcini yokugqibela abantu, ngokomoya, uthando nobubele na? Yiloo ngayo yaye usimema ukuba sicinge umbhali ...