Ebhalisiwe Cossacks Russia

Abameli ethno-zentlalo nenkcubeko kakhulu ezimeleyo kummandla Russia, sithwele igama sekratshi Cossacks, zinembali ende kunye yobuqaqawuli. Kangangamakhulu eminyaka, oko sazivelela ayikho inkcubeko, indlela yokuphila, imiba kunye nemithetho. Nkqu ngenkulungwane XIX, i icandelo loluntu Cossack kwi maqela mabini: abo bangazange uluthiyile igunya phezu ngokwabo kwaye uphile ngemithetho zabo, baze abo bakhetha inkonzo karhulumente esesikweni, bafumana umvuzo kwaye esisebenza phantsi ngummiselo okhethekileyo. Le yokugqibela ibizwa kuhlu.

indaba

ERashiya, uluntu Cossack zichongwe i zokuhlala zomkhosi ozimeleyo, nto leyo zazimi phezu ngaphandle kweli lizwe, ngomhla kwintsimi ezikufutshane ne-Commonwealth kunye neminye imimandla abahlala kuyo. kuqamba Ethnological abunjwe ngokuthe ngcembe, kwindawo ohlala ngokuzithandela beza amakhoboka engalawulekiyo, izaphuli-mthetho okanye abantu abafuna ukuba ubomi obungcono.

Ngenkulungwane XVII, urhulumente afuna ukuba ukuthembeka le Cossacks kunye emkhosini, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho imvukelo ezinkulu, maxa wambi wasonga gunya (Pugachev mvukelo). Emva koko, lo iklasi wafumana amalungelo abantu ezizodwa, eshiya nabo ithuba lokuba umhlaba wabo kunye nokuseka inkcubeko apho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye lifakwe inkonzo kunye nokuthobela urhulumente intloko karhulumente.

Asingabo bonke bayavumelana ngale ndlela yobomi, ezinye iimanyano akazange afune ukuba ayamileyo, ukuphuhlisa imigaqo yayo omnye umntu zobomi kunye nokuziphatha. Kwaye namhlanje, kusekho umahluko omkhulu phakathi Cossacks zoluntu kunye ebhalisiweyo, inyathelo kaRhulumente ukuvuselelwa intshukumo eRashiya iye unokuvelisa eninzi mpikiswano kwi ngamaqela amabini alwayo.

imbali yanamhlanje

Urhulumente waseSoviet kusetyenziswa imiqathango engqongqo kakhulu ngokunxulumene Cossacks, emva kweMfazwe Civil, abameli kule uhlanga ziye phantsi ingcinezelo, unxibelelwano, wazithoba amalungelo empahla kunye nobuhlanga. Ukuvuselelwa abantu iqala kunye imimiselo uMongameli we-Russian Federation ngo-1992 phezu kwimo yesiqhelo kwabantu zinganakwa.

Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, uRhulumente limisela ingqiqo entsha imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ejolise ekomelezeni ukhuseleko eli lizwe, kubandakanya ukuvuselela Cossacks. Ukukhankasa phakathi kwabantu, inkonzo esemthethweni bethembisa inani amalungelo kunye nobume okhethekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni Registered Cossacks Russia wafumana sikhokelo yolawulo umsebenzi ngo-1998, xa wadalwa uluhlu lwemibutho ezibandakanywe kolu didi. Olu luhlu idla wagxeka luluntu, kunjalo, ingongoma abaninzi ukuba inkoliso yabo abaye bakhetha ukusebenza kwi incwadi yesicelo, akukho ngokunxulumene Cossacks, kuba phantsi Boris Yeltsin eklasini bavunyelwa ukuba bangene nabani.

base zomthetho

Ilungelo benkonzo karhulumente abo bantu kuphela abangabakhe ukuya kwenye osetyenzisiweyo kwirejista ngoluntu. Yonke imisebenzi ye-Cossacks uye sikhokelo esemthethweni engqongqo, uxwebhu ongundoqo Umthetho Federal of 05.12.2005 "Ngomhla Service State of Russian Cossacks". Apha abhalwe ngaphandle kwenkcazelo yoluntu ezizodwa, umyalelo yombutho kunye nokufakwa kwi kubhaliso esemthethweni.

Ukuze ufumane ingqalelo uluntu kunye nobume efanelekileyo, Cossacks okanye imibutho yabo ezibhalisiweyo kufuneka ibonelele kwabasemagunyeni olawulo la maxwebhu alandelayo:

• kwavunyelwana ngayo kwintlanganiso kawonke lo mnqophiso ekuhlaleni, ingqinisiswe abasemagunyeni bendawo;
• uluhlu zemizana, nemizana needolophu ukuba yinxalenye yentlangano entsha;
• kwemvume onke amalungu iNtlanganiso Jikelele;
• uluhlu Cossacks abhalisiweyo, uyakwazi yaye ukulungele ukwenza inkonzo karhulumente.

imibutho zomkhosi ezilishumi elinanye, inkoliso yabo abunjwe kwixesha ukususela 1996 ukuya 1998 yabhaliswa namhlanje. Ukongeza, kukho izithili ezine Cossack - Northwest, nekomkhulu layo e St. Petersburg, kwiBaltic (eKaliningrad), Sevastopol kunye eCrimea.

Iintlobo zenkonzo karhulumente

Abaninzi nangoku sokuthandabuza ukuzama kukarhulumente okumdambisa imibutho Cossack, ukulawula wabo advocacy. Independent Abameli estate Ndikholelwa ukuba nje indlela lokutyala zengqondo izwe kweli lizwe, umnqweno ukubheka umtshato kunokuba ezinkulu yamajoni ngamandla ophakamileyo.

Kodwa kukho izinto ezintle inkonzo zoluntu, nto leyo engqina iimanyano nokuba uluntu. Yinto engqesho esesikweni, inkxaso-mali, izibonelelo, unyango olukhethekileyo. Ndiwise umthetho kaRhulumente yomhla we-26.02.2010 umisela ntlobo zilandelayo inkonzo yoluntu, apho ukusebenza Cossacks Ibhaliswe:

• umbutho kwemfundo wamajoni-ubuzwe labantu, ukugcina iirekhodi amalungu oluntu;
• seenknzo zokunyanzelisa umthetho, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuvalweni likaxakeka;
• ukukhuselwa kwemida Russia, inkxaso zokunyanzelisa umthetho, uthintelo kwaye ulwe usongo terrorist;
• ukhuselo kwamahlathi kunye nomsebenzi zasendle kwizinto eziphilayo;
• okulonda amaxabiso esidlangalaleni izinto zexabiso kwimbali nenkcubeko.

emkhosini

iinkcazelo ecacileyo ukuba yeyiphi izibophelelo kufuneka kuthwala Cossacks obhalisiweyo eRashiya, kusekho akukho. kwinkonzo yomkhosi, ngoko kuchazwe ngokukodwa urhulumente yethutyana isigqibo point ukuba abameli kule klasi akakwazi ulimise amaqela axhobileyo kuphakama imibuzo yokuqala. Kwathi ngelo xesha, umthetho lolawulo oluphambili ngo-2005 ubalula ukuba:

1. Cossacks ikhuthaza imfundo yokomoya yobuzwe labantu, oololiwe ndimbekele amajoni.
2. Cossacks ingenziwa ukuba ibiya likaxakeka, iintlekele zemvelo, yaye ukuba nenxaxheba ukukhusela yoluntu.
3. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho yoluntu kunye nocwangco.

Ukususela ngo-2011, lo Cossacks obhalisiweyo ukuba baye emkhosini zathunyelwa kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa emkhosini, apho umyalelo zigcinwe, umthetho kwiiklasi zabo. Kodwa eli phulo liye akagwetyelwa ngokwayo, regiments ezinjalo akazange abe Cossack, kwaye ngo-2014 libangel ezizodwa sele irhoxisiwe.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwakukho into yokusebenzisa i imikhosi Cossack kwimisebenzi zokhuseleko, na kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa wamapolisa, iifem zokhuseleko zabucala, ezo zifana njengoko amagosa Interior Sobulungiseleli ukugcina umyalelo, sakubambezela abantu kuba kukwaphula umthetho.

device lwangoku

Ukuvela ummiselo osemthethweni kwinkonzo karhulumente kuye abanjwa yi Cossacks ngomdla. Iminyaka emininzi azaba nokuyibuyisa lokhokho, kwaye ngoku lonke abameli yelizwe amafa zifakiwe kumsebenzi zokunyanzelisa umthetho, uphando-mthetho kunye nokulwa ubunqolobi. Izithombe Cossacks ebhalisiweyo babonise umsebenzi wabo ebomini karhulumente: baba ngamalungu kwimiju- zomkhosi, imingcelele, ubuzwe okanye iziganeko yesisa.

Kukho ukwahlukana okucacileyo iintlobo zemibutho, esekwe kwindawo yokuqala ngokusekwa irejista, kukho ukwehla okhethekileyo.

1. Iqumrhu lolawulo - iBhunga phantsi uMongameli Russian Federation.
2. Ibisifikele Cossack ekuhlaleni.
3. I-ofisi zezithili zemfundo kunye ngamnye.
4. Encomekayo kunye yurt (kuqaliswa ngo-2005).
5. The Village, Hamlet, imizi.

Ukongeza kwii-arhente abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kwi kummandla Russia kukho imibutho eziliqela, eziquka ebhalisiwe Cossacks. Xa amabandla jikelele ukuba isigqibo sokuba ukunyula nezikhulu ezintsha, umvuzo kunye nokukhuthaza abo baye babonisa ukuba ebalulekileyo imiba yezentlalo zithi zixoxwe.

zimpawu

Ngokutsho komthetho federal, kufuneka ezintlwini, ezintlwini ezizodwa kunye nomfuziselo kuphela Cossacks, ukufika kwinkonzo karhulumente. Le ukuze anxibe nomfuziselo kunye neefom esekwe ngomthetho №169 ukusuka 10.02.2010 kunye 10.12.2010 №171. Ngaphezu koko, ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla Captain unika zeeteksi uluntu Ataman okanye umkhosi, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla - ummeli plenipotentiary kaMongameli Russian kunye noMongameli ngokwakhe.

Xa imimiselo uRhulumente hayi ngokuthe gca ulwazi enjalo, ukuze ummandla nganye imisela imithetho yayo malunga ifomu kunye nohlobo ezizibeni. Apho ezilandelayo gaba:

1. Ezantsi: Cossack, unobhala, phoyisa abasezantsi, phoyisa, phoyisa senior, phoyisa abasezantsi, phoyisa, nguSajini esiphezulu.
2. Abadala kunye nangaphezulu: podhorunzhy, lesigodlo, umthetheli-khulu, podesaul, Cossack umthetheli, phoyisa lomkhosi, sashiya Cossack, Cossack Jikelele.

Amalungu nemibutho yoluntu akuvumelekanga ukuba anxibe nayiphi na enjalo, phakathi kwawo kukho ukusasazwa eyahlukileyo amandla, ngokwezithethe endala abantu.

ukubonakala

Cossacks bazama ukuba alondoloze amasiko zomawokhulu, ingakumbi iimpahla, nangona ukufakwa yabo kanye uhlobo labasebenzi bakarhulumente itshintshile ngeendlela ezininzi, kwakukho inkqubo iseti ukuthwala. uluntu nganye uye iimpawu ezithile kwinkangeleko amalungu ayo.

Ngo nemimiselo 2010 kufuneka ibe yintoni na uhlobo Cossacks ezibhalisiweyo ziye zapapashwa. Kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• usuku ngalunye;
• bentaba;
• output ngaphambili;
• ekundleni drill;
• phambi okhethekileyo.

Zonke ezi izigqibo ubuncinane ubuso iphinda sikhokelo esemthethweni Nelezamakhaya kunye omkhosi, nangona imikhosi Cossack akayi babe namalungelo afanayo nalawo nezakhiwo. imisebenzi yabo kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kukunceda amagosa nokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Imigaqo wokwamkelwa

kuphakama imibuzo kakhulu ngokunxulumene omkhulu nokuvela komoya wobuzwe yabantu Russian malunga nendlela lokuba Cossacks ebhalisiweyo. Ukuzama ukulwa inani le udidi oluthile unzima kakhulu, umviwa ubomi iminyaka emininzi kule ngingqi kwaye ubonise kakuhle ngokwayo.

Esi sicelo umise ixesha probationary, ngexesha yena wathabatha inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso ngaphandle ilungelo lokuvota, ukufunda imimiselo. Umbuzo wokugqibela ukufakwa komviwa kuluhlu lwe Cossacks obhalisiweyo isigqibo ngevoti yesininzi, kwaye ziya kukhutshwa isiqinisekiso okhethekileyo. Noko ke, isimo sawo ngokucacileyo wathi, ukuze kwiindawo enokufunyanwa iisampuli ezahlukeneyo kolu xwebhu.

Cossacks and Orthodox

zobuKristu kunye neengcinga namhlanje emantloko yonke imigaqo Cossacks Russian, nkqu kule minyaka zocindezelo kunye yokushiywa amakhonkco abantu bazama ukulondoloza iziseko yokholo lwabo. Ngoko ke, lo imvuselelo ekupheleni koo beklasi ngokusondeleyo inxulumene iCawa kunye nefuthe layo.

Ukholo Orthodox kusisiseko onke amalungu eli qela uhlanga, nangona umahluko phakathi Cossacks oluntu abhalisiweyo, imibhiyozo kunye neminyhadala uzigcinile ngqongqo kakhulu. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili kuluntu advocacy kanye novuko amasiko zobuKristu phakathi kwabantu abatsha kwaye zinyuse imigaqo ziqhu yokuziphatha.

iingxaki

zokuhlala Cossack yombuzo lophuhliso Russian Federation i ngqo phantsi kweliso uMongameli, kodwa kunjalo kusekho imiba emininzi ingasonjululwanga. Oku kusebenza umahluko kule ngcinga nemibutho yoluntu kunye norhulumente, radeyut lokuqala ukugcinwa amaxhwebhu yedemokhrasi imibutho, ngoxa abanye nimane kwinkonzo esisinyanzelo kweli lizwe.

Abo banolwazi olunzulu emimiselweni abantu basoloko abanomdla umbuzo wokuba kufuneka bafumane imivuzo Cossacks obhalisiweyo. Yintoni na le nkonzo - umsebenzi okanye umsebenzi? Ngokuqhelekileyo, imivuzo zemali kokupha abo kulungiselwe ngokujikeleza ezitratweni, nenxaxheba sokuhlangula okanye imisebenzi zomkhosi, kunye nemali ehlawulwa, umzekelo, kummandla Kuban kuba Fighters 21-25 amawaka engange. kutshanje It wavunyelwa ukuba ukudala neenkampani zokhuseleko zabucala Cossack ukukhusela amaziko abucala nakarhulumente.

Abachasi lwenkqubo indawo Registered ngezityholo federal njengendlela ukulawula akuqinisekisi ukuphunyezwa kwee-odolo ezivela ngasentla, ukuphawula uphuhliso bokonakala yeentloko leeyunithi zomkhosi. Abadala kunye ukunganeliseki ukhangela oko Cossacks zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zopolitiko. Zonke ezi yantlukwano ahlale zisonjululwe, okanye agudileyo, kubantu endilisekileyo abazange balahlekelwe iingcambu zawo nezithethe.