Duralumin - it ... Duralumin: ukwakheka, izakhiwo, ixabiso

Duralumin - material olusekelwe kwi-aluminiyam ecocekileyo kunye iziqalelo alloying, ogama ukuqukwa kuhlanganiselo baphele utshintsha iimpawu sentsimbi. aluminium Soft nezitho uzuza ukunganyangeki umthwalo, lo gama kugcinwe onke amancedo into ecocekileyo.

lokufumanisa ngengozi

Duralumin - yinto intsila aluminiyam omncinci lobhedu, leyo kweminyaka kwiqondo lobushushu ethile kwiimeko ngumntu. Okubhalwe lwasungulwa 1903 ngu Alfred Wilm, ababekhonza njengoko njengoononjineli xa le mveliso German. Ngexesha amalinge kwaqatshelwa iphatheni, kuqinisekiswa ngamava elide. Wafumanisa ukuba xa ingxubevange ye-aluminiyam ze-4% lobhedu, uze lukhuni zezinto ezithile eziziphumo kubushushu of + 500 ° C, kulandele lungapholi olukhawulezayo ubambe bushushu iintsuku eziliqela, intsimbi efunyenwe amaxabiso amandla aphezulu, lo gama kugcinwe iipropati zeplastiki ekumgangatho ophambili.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, i-aluminiyamu zalungiselelwa kunye nenani elikhulu kwezithako ezandisa amandla mbandela. Ngelo langoku ibakala steel aluminiyam - a ingxubevange amandla aphezulu, leyo, kuxhomekeke iintlobo, ukuze ziquka ngobhedu, nemagnesium, lesilicon, izinc kunye nabanye.

isakhiwo

Iipropati Mechanical of amazinga aphezulu duralumin umboniso - up to 370 MPA (amandla aluminiyam ecocekileyo - 70-80 MPA), nto leyo eyenza izinto ifuna kwiinkalo ezininzi mveliso. Aluminium ingxubevange kunye imichiza kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ezithile iyahluka iimpawu zezinto ezithile eziziphumo. Ingxubevange isiseko iqulethe Amanani ezaziwa lwezithako.

isakhiwo Duralumin lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Copper (Cu) - 0.5% yabo ubunzima iyonke.
• Manganese (MN) yi-0.5% ingxubevange.
• Magnesium (mg) - 1,5% ubunzima iyonke.
• Silicon (Si) - 1,2%.
• Iron (Fe) yi malunga ne 0.1% ye nokwakheka.
• Aluminiyamu (Al) - into esisiseko.

Eyona eziphambili ze aluminium

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi aluminiyamu, ngaphandle iimpawu zalo.

Njani, ke ngoko, zingenziwa aluminiyam steel (composition, ezihlangene nomgangatho)?

• Aluminium + manganese (Al + MG), i-aluminiyamu + nemagnesium (Al + MN), igama yesibini "magnaly" - luphawulwa ukumelana umhlwa, ngelotha yokusebenza phezulu, welding. It ayiqondakali kunqunyulwa. I-aluminiyamu ye zililo azikho phantsi lukhuni olongezelelweyo. Le nkcazelo isetyenziselwa ukwenza imibhobho ipetroli, radiators, amatanki ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kumsebenzi wokwakha, njalo-njalo. D.
• Aluminium + manganese + lesilicon (Al + MG + Si), ingxubevange wanikwa igama "Avial". Iimpawu kule duralumin ukubunjwa - umhlwa ukuxhathisa, ndandifeketha kunye Amandla welds, ingqolowa entle. Ukuqaqadeka lwenzeka kwi lobushushu + 515-525 ° C ne lungapholi ngokukhawuleza emanzini (+ 20 ° C) iintsuku ezili-10. Isicelo eziphambili - iimveliso ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko eziphakamileyo ukufuma, ukuveliswa izinto, izahlulo, oomatshini-moya, Ushishino lweemoto, e Avial kutshanje ithatha intsimbi eqolo iinkcukacha of Pop kunye nabanye.
• Aluminium + nobhedu + manganese (Al + Cu + MG), okanye duralumin, - impahla yokwakha, kuxhomekeke imfuneko ukufumana iimpawu zokugqibela, isixa isiqalelo ngasinye alloying ziyahluka. Ingxubevange ifumene isicelo kwishishini moya lowo, ishishini aerospace, kuba ukwenziwa-high speed oololiwe ( "njengeyona") kunye nabanye. Ububi ye ingxubevange yi kozinzo yayo entsimbini. sheet Duralumin kufuna unyango olunzulu anti-umhlwa, nto leyo kakhulu kwenziwa isicelo kumphezulu aluminium ecocekileyo.

isicelo

Duralumin - yeyona nto iphambili kuba moya kunye nendawo zamashishini. Isicelo lokuqala moya kwenzeka ngo-1911 ngethuba kulwakhiwo airships. Kwinkulungwane yama-21 kukho ngaphezu kokuba iintlobo kweshumi izinto ezilula kunye ixesha elide. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha moya badla ukusebenzisa D16T lophawu, ebandakanya ezisithoba zesinyithi ezifana titanium, nickel, njl, Yaye ligature ubunjwe ngobhedu, lesilicon, wemagniziyam. Isixa-aluminiyam kwi ingxubevange luxhomekeke ekubeni isiqulatho umgangatho - 93%.

Ayizizo zonke aluminiyamu ukuba duralumin ukuphendula kakuhle welding, iimveliso ezininzi ezenziwe rivet kunye nezinye iindidi zokubopha. Ukusetyenziswa engundoqo industrial umbandela sele loLwamkelo, izithuthi, isixhobo umatshini. Kodwa hayi kuphela iteknoloji ophezulu kusetyenziswa duralumin, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa izikhephe esiyenzayo kulo mbandela lokhonza iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20, yaye ngenkathalo elungileyo kunye nothintelo - nkqu nangaphezulu.

Xa imikhumbi ezenziwe ngezinto hayi kuphela nenqanawa, kodwa kukho inani elikhulu amalungu omzimba lwangaphakathi, iiyunithi. Imibhobho ezenziwe duralumin, zamafu-enqatyisiweyo, zibhityile ezibiyelweyo, zisetyenziswa yonke ukusuka izindlu kunye nonxibelelwano okuhlala lwemibhobho igesi. amaphepha asongwe ezisetyenziswa ukwakha izakhiwo.

Ubuhle lobubi

Duralumin - i intsila esekelwe kwi-aluminiyam, leyo, njengazo naziphi na izinto zinezibonelelo. Phakathi kwabo:

• amazinga aphezulu amandla static.
• ubomi inkonzo Long.
• usengozini Low entshabalalweni.
• Ukumelana kwiimeko ezininzi bako, mechanical, iziphumo thermal.
• Nezimo umsebenzi weld (aluminiyam ngohlobo olunyulu kakuhle nokuphendula beentanda ukuwelda).
• Inani elikhulu lezicelo.

Kukho omnye ethile enkulu, nto leyo iba duralumin - sesichengeni sayo umonakalo umhlwa. Zonke izinto eziphathekayo ngokuyimfuneko aluminium olunyulu wamambathisa okanye isale primer, ukuvimbela ukurusa.

amaxabiso

izinto Ukuthengwa kuthe tye, ixabiso kwakheka ngokuxhomekeke kwicandelo nokwakheka. Uninzi izityalo avelisa iintsimbi non-ayoni, ukuvelisa aluminiyam. Ixabiso kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ingakumbi kuhlobo lemveliso, umthamo, ukunikezelwa kunye nezinye iimeko. La maxwebhu ezihamba umenzi linyanzelekile ukuba ukhankanye ekhulwini ingxubevange, ngokutsho GOST, ukusebenza.

Iindleko yemveliso evela duralumin (Area, nelembande, sheet) iqala engange 580 ikilogram. Ngenxa yokwanda kwenkululeko ixabiso lonikezelo ngetoni ipipi ingxubevange nganye malunga 510 lamawaka engange. Izangqa Dural ukuqala ixabiso evela engange 250 ikilogram. Circle - izinto workpiece isimboli, candelo lomnqamlezo isangqa nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ubungakanani, ubude imveliso kweemitha ezi-3.