Diene hydrocarbon: isakhiwo, isomerism kunye nokuhlelwa

Diene hydrocarbon (diolefins alkadienes zikaDienes) - hydrocarbon ifumile, kubume apho kukho izitropu ezimbini kabini. Ukuqwalasela i alkadienes isakhiwo yamachiza zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: ndichwetheza - a cumulated diolefins iibhondi (SN2SSN2); Uhlobo II - alkadienes kunye conjugation (conjugated) unxibelelwano; imixokelelwane ephindiweyo isakhiwo diene ezahlulwa ngokuzikhanyeza omnye (N2SSNSNSN2); Uhlobo III - zikaDienes ihlangene zigqunyiwe (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

hydrocarbon Diene: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Iintlobo ezintathu zikaDienes umdla kakhulu uhlobo kushishino yemichiza II ezi alkadienes. Ukusebenzisa electron bafumanisa ukuba imixokelelwane ephindiweyo kwemolekyuli butadiene phakathi C1 no C4 eliyimfihlo linamalungu angaphezu ethylene mpilo.

Diene hydrocarbon: isomerism

Kuba ezi khompawundi organic luphawulwa iintlobo ezimbini isomerism - lomhlaba (stereoisomerism) kunye zesakhiwo. Uhlobo lokuqala - noshowo ikhonkco isomerism ezizizembiwa olunokuba ngqo okanye branched. Uhlobo lwesibini isomerism kungenxa eyendawo lwendawo athom kunye namaqela atomic ehlabathini imixokelelwane kabini. Ngaloo kwakhiwa nokuhanjiswa kaKishe-isomers zikaDienes. Umzekelo, ukuba ezinto diene ifomula S5N8 kukho isomers ezintathu zokusebenza:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2; CH2C (CH3) SNSN2; SN3SNSNSN2.

Diene hydrocarbon: nokuhlelwa

Kuba diene amagama usebenzisa nomenclatures ezimbini - zembali (umzekelo, nezihlabo Allen) kunye IUPAC (International Union of isondlo kwaye Applied Chemistry). Ngokutsho IUPAC nokuhlelwa, kuqala ngokuba diene efanayo alkane, egameni apho "en" ithathwa yi isimamva "diene", ngoko ke manani zibonisa indawo zalapha neentambo ephindiweyo kwikhonkco hydrocarbon. hydrocarbon chain inani lwenziwa ukuze iinamba anexabiso liphantsi. zikaDienes formula ezinikelwe ngentla IUPAC nokuhlelwa iya kubizwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1,4-pentadiene; 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene; 1,3-pentadiene.

Kukho inani mveliso kunye neendlela zelebhu diene yokuqaphela. Ezona ziphambili ke depolymerization iirubber zendalo (neyanamhlanje eyomileyo), indlela emzimbeni ekujonganeni of alkanes, indlela emzimbeni alkoholi monohydric kwizinyibilikisi.

Butadiene - owaziswa ekrwada ukwenzela ukuvelisa izinto rubbers zokwenziwa (zilahlwe, butadiene, styrene), kwakunye perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - into nge livumba isici. isoprene kuqala ukusuka irabha yendalo ulwelo owomileyo. Isoprene Kwakhona walungisa ngokuthi emzimbeni we isopentane. Kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa yerabha zokwenziwa, zamachiza kunye izinto enuka kamnandi.

Rubbers - izinto kakhulu kwaye elastic of imvelaphi eziphilayo evela ngezinto zendalo ekrwada (yerabha zendalo) kunye neendlela zokwenziwa (zokwenziwa). Isiseko iirubber ezi diene yomoya conjugation ngemixokelelwane kabini. Amavili eyenziwe ngexesha kulungiswe izinto kunye zokufudumeza nesalfure (yokuhlanganisa). Rubbers - ebaluleke kakhulu ekrwada ekuveliseni amavili kunye neetyhubhu, iziqwengana zokwambathisa, mittens irabha, izihlangu kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kushishino, indlu, zasekhaya amayeza, unyango kunye lwezilwanyana eziphathekayo.

hydrocarbon Ethylenic kubume yabo bond enye kabini. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zihlanganisi zithunyelwa olefins kuba alkenes asezantsi sukube zakudibana chlorine okanye bromine zenze elibona olunamafutha, leyo ezingenakunyibilika emanzini.

hydrocarbon Acetylenic (alkynes) - iikhompawundi, eziqulathe bond enye ezintathu. Ixabiso eliphezulu zonke alkynes into iasithilini efunyanwa ngokuhlanganisa calcium khabhayithi ngamanzi. Le igesi lisetyenziswa kwi welding autogenous kunye nesinyithi ahlabayo. Iasithilini - owaziswa ekrwada ukuba izinto ukwenziwa ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, IVinyl iasithilini, acetate acid, benzene, trichloreothane, acrylonitrile.