Calcium khabhayithi

Ngenxa impefumlelwano carbon kunye isinyithi kwi carbides eliphezulu temperaturahpoluchayutsya. Umzekelo, calcium khabhayithi: Ca + 2C → CaC2. Kuzo zonke carbides nto inexabiso elikhulu eluncedo. CaC2 Pure - crystallizing kakuhle okuqinileyo, ziikristale ezingenambala wabumba ion Ca2 + ne C2-. amanye amagama zakhe - Calcium acetylide okanye calcium khabhayithi. mass izinyo ilingana 64,1 g / nolovane. Asinto eguqukayo kwaye hayi enyibilikayo nayiphi na izinyibilikisi aziwayo, aze abole yintshukumo yamanzi. mninzi walo 2.22 g / cm³. Iqondo lobushushu yokunyibilika yaba 2160 ° C kunye zokupheka - 2300 ° C. The degree of azinampembelelo umzimba lulwelo kakhulu eziyingozi (udidi 1 of ingozi).

calcium acetylide yokuqala eyenziwa ngo 1862 yi-yasekhemesti waseJamani Fridrihom Velerom xa itshiswe kunye yamalahle ingxubevange ye zinc kunye calcium. Kwakhona wachaza indlela ikhalsiyam khabhayithi ne H2O. Nakuba nentwana yayo (umz, ukufuma esesibhakabhakeni) ngecalcium khabhayithi Lize ngamandla kunye kwakhululwa isixa esikhulu ubushushu. Kodwa kukho ukunqongophala kwamanzi ngenxa autoignition iasithilini zinokwenzeka. Calcium khabhayithi ngamandla idityaniswe asidi olufakwe ezingaphiliyo kunye nezisombululo zolwelo of alkalis. Kwanaloo nto isabelo-iasithilini. Ukuba arhente onamandla ukunciphisa, CaC2 unako ukubuyisela zonke oxides metal ukuya carbides okanye isinyithi ehlambulukileyo.

Ukufumana calcium khabhayithi zingavumi ngenxa calcium, kunye oxide yayo. Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu (ukususela ku-2000 ukuya 2300 ° C) yi yokuyikhangela. Intsimbi kunye carbon oxhulumene: cao + 3C → CO ↑ + CaC2. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo kwi arc ezikweni yombane, apho i eewathi umxube kwekalika ekhawulezayo kunye coke okanye anthracite. Le mveliso ekrwada yi webala, abe umbala nombala, kuba iqulathe ubumdaka ngohlobo ezamahala carbon, oxide, ne emanzini, calcium phosphide kunye nezinye kusitsha imichiza. Ubunzima iqhekeza CaC2 olunikezelweyo 80-85%.

Xa indlela carbides kunye nqwelo ngamanzi okanye isinyithi, okanye iasithilini. Ngokutsho lwalo yesibini idityaniswe namanzi carbide calcium. Iasithilini, basabela nto leyo ibaluleke industrial: 2H2O + CaC2 → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2, i technical kwaye ivumba elibi, kuba iqulathe inani ubumdaka (NH3, H2S, PH3, njalo njalo). Nangona ngendlela esulungekileyo, kuba irhasi ezingenambala kunye livumba uphawu kunokuba buthathaka, kwaye kakhulu enyibilikayo emanzini. Kubalulekile ukufumana calcium cyanamide (a izinto ekrwada ekuvelisweni iikhompawundi benqanda okanye isicelo njengesichumisi) khabhayithi ngokuhlanganisa kunye nitrogen kwi i equation reaction: N2 + → CaCN2 CaC2 + C.

CaC2 Last ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa izibane khabhayithi, apho wakhonza njengomthombo lidangatye iasithilini. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa umthombo wokukhanya kunomda ikakhulu potholing, oko lisetyenziswa buoys kunye iinqanawa. Ezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo CaC2 yesicelo - lwezobuchwepheshe imichiza, apho ke izinto ekrwada. Umzekelo, ekuvelisweni imichiza, ikakhulu kwabo oko zerabha zokwenziwa. Kwakhona efunyenwe calcium khabhayithi black iasithilini, IVinyl chloride, IVinyl acetic acid, acrylonitrile, ethylene, acetone, nentlaka zokwenziwa, styrene. Le sobhedu kusetyenziswa deoxidization kunye desulfurization iintsimbi (ukuncitshiswa oksijini nesulfure, ngokulandelelana). Calcium khabhayithi isetyenziselwa eyimveliso komlawuli ukukhula kwezityalo, kukho reagent khabhayithi lomgubo (welding iasithilini).

Ukulungiselela ngetoni nganye CaC2 ifuna malunga 3 amawaka Township / h umbane. Ngoko ke, oko ugwetyelwayo ubukho amaxabiso ephantsi kuyo. Lilonke ke, ukuveliswa ihlabathi ikhalsiyam khabhayithi ukhula. Ukuba kwi 70s zenkulungwane odlulileyo, ngonyaka ukuvelisa ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-5, kule nkulungwane yethu, inani likhule nge malunga nesiqingatha. Ngokomzekelo, e-China, imveliso iasithilini ngokusekelwe calcium khabhayithi ngowona mthombo of raw materials kwishishini kwemichiza na, ingakumbi imveliso Polyvinyl chloride. Imveliso iasithilini ukusuka zayo ezibonakalayo ekrwada bezoqoqosho ngaphezu esebenzisa ioli amazwe. Ngoko ke, ukwenziwa kwalo China uyakhula. Ngowe-2005, lwaze kwezigidi 8,94 tonnes, kwaye kukho ithuba elililo lokuvelisa 17 million tons.

Ngokungafaniyo China, eUnited States, iYurophu kunye Japan carbon calcium otyiwa ngokuqhelekileyo kunciphisa. Umgangatho imveliso yayo kwi-US kwi 90 yaba ku kuphela 236 kweetoni eziliwaka ngonyaka ngamnye. Kwilizwe lethu, carbide calcium uvelise ngokungqinelana iinkcukacha ezandlalwe ISO 1460-81. abathengi yayo - kuba Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania naseSlovakia. Ngenxa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eliphezulu kwimveliso ngokunxulumene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso losetyenziso lombane calcium acetylide eRashiya kunye kumazwe uku rhweba yawa ngesiqingatha.