Diagnosis Psychological: ngokweenkcazo ukucaciswa ubunjalo

Uxilongo kusisiphumo ngokwengqondo imisebenzi eyodwa, apho zaye zachongwa ubuntu, imeko akuyo, kwakunye uqikelelo zotshintsho kunokwenzeka elizayo.

le nkcazelo

A nomqondo onjalo njenge "sifo" lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphela amayeza, kodwa nakwezinye iinkalo zenzululwazi. Injalo, bubonakala "ingqalelo." Ngokubhekiselele amagama afana "izifo zengqondo", oko kuthetha nokuchongwa iingxaki ngobuntu, kwakunye wabo ngqo kunye ngxabano. Kulo mzekelo, singakwazi ukuthetha nje kuphela malunga ezinxaxhileyo okanye ezimbi, kodwa malunga neemeko eziqhelekileyo, leyo nazo zifuna yophando.

Ingxelo loxilongo engqondweni yenziwe kwiindawo ezine, nto leyo ngexesha elabelwe edumileyo Scientist Reykovich:

• uphando, uphicotho, kunye neempawu zokuziphatha umsebenzi;
• isifundo iinkqubo kwengqondo athi abenoxanduva lokulawula imisebenzi yabantu;
• uxilongo flow iindlela abasabela-luvo;
• ukufunda iimeko ukuyilwa iimpawu nangokwasengqondweni ngamnye.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwingcingane igama elithi "sifo" akukho zisetyenziswa kangangoko kwezinye iindawo amayeza. Oku kungenxa yokuba urhulumente umntu ngokwemvakalelo kunokuba ingazinzi kwaye akusoloko efanele Ufundo. Kungenxa yoko le nto uxilongo nasengqondweni idla rough, esichazayo.

Ukuba sithethe ukuxilongwa ngokwasengqondweni eyandisiweyo, icebisa oku kulandelayo:

• ukufunda Primary zemeko jikelele ngamnye kunye negunya lakhe zophuhliso;
• Ukufunda ngobuntu yokulungelelana, kwakunye nokuchonga iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni;
• Ukufuna iingxaki (hayi kuphela baqonda sisigulane, kodwa ifihlwe);
• inkcazo ukuzalana ubuntu kwiingxaki ezichongiweyo;
• ukulungiswa ngokwasengqondweni kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwindawo Nomonde Vakalisa umthamo encomekayo.

Eyona engundoqo iimpazamo loxilongo engqondweni

Ingxaki loxilongo engqondweni ukuba kakhulu kunzima ukuseka. Iingcali kaninzi yenza ezi mpazamo zilandelayo:

• Ephawula ongakhathaliyo okanye egqwethekileyo, ngenxa ezinokuthi aqondwe iimpawu kunye neefom zabo;
• idatha yobhaliso Imposiso, amaxesha amaninzi bahambisana ne nomkhethe kwabo kumguli okanye uvavanyo zesimo ngokoMthetho;
• iimpazamo yesixhobo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezakhono zokusebenza izixhobo zobuchwepheshe, kwakunye nokungakwazi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo i data;
• diagnosis esichazayo ngokusekelwe uqala kuqala ngaphandle uphando;
• imposiso ukufanisa kukuba ingcali nga ungasibaleli lo mbandela ezo nemikhwa musa ebalulekileyo ngokwenene kuyo;
• ukumisela izizathu bobuxoki zokutenxa kurhulumente eqhelekileyo;
• ngokuzama yonke ukusebenzisa hypothesis iphuhlisiwe, engafuni ukusebenza ukufuna amakhambi ezintsha;
• amagama ngenyameko kakhulu kwesifo.

Izigaba kwengqondo

kunye nomsebenzi nomonde yesayikholojisti iquka zigaba zilandelayo eziphambili:

• ukulungiselela lokuqala kuquka ukusekwa uqhagamshelana nabo phakathi isigulane kunye nogqirha, kwakunye umsebenzi ezifana nobuchule;
• ukumisela ukuqhagamshelana isigulane kunye nenkuthazo yakhe intsebenziswano (le into kwenziwa ngokumisela ngobubele nefihlakeleyo);
• ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kwi data status nomonde ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo diagnosis ngokwasengqondweni;
• liqhube idatha eyafunyanwa kunye ekuqulunqeni elandelayo uxilongo kunye ALS uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe yesigulana;
• uphuhliso izincomo imeko kuqheleke isigulana;
• ubhaliso ingxelo yezonyango kwifomu emiselweyo.

ingxelo engqondweni

uphethwe Psychological, ingxelo ngokwasengqondweni - ingqiqo efanayo, nakuba kunjalo, ngeke ibonakale. Igama lokuqala ifiphale ngokwaneleyo kwaye ngoko ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa practice. Ukuba sithethe ngayo kwisigqibo nasengqondweni, nto yenziwe ngendlela ngokusesikweni, kwaye babe eziziiprayimari, kwakunye evuthiswe (final).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwahlulwa izimvo kwi zamabanga buphuculwe nangaphezulu kunokuba ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. oko kuyimfuneko rhoqo ukuphinda izifundo practice nasengqondweni. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwisigqibo sokugqibela angaya kwi kudidi zaseprayimari. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba urhulumente ngokwasengqondweni nasemphefumlweni umntu ixhomekeke ukuhla rhoqo kwaye kakhulu ezingazinzanga.

Kwamkelekile ukuba ubhale ingxelo engqondweni ngendlela simahla, kodwa ke xa sithetha malunga nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo, kufuneka ube malunga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ushwankathelo:
  • data nomonde;
  • izikhalazo ze isigulane okanye abantu ezihamba kuye;
  • imbali data;
  • inkcazo iimpawu ezithile inkangeleko nokuziphatha;
  • ukujonga izinga ukuyilwa imisebenzi zolawulo;
  • iimpawu nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo;
  • ngokweemvakalelo nobuntu iingxaki kunye neempawu ze zokunxibelelana nabanye abantu.
• Ingxenye ekhethekile:
  • ziqulunqwe uphethwe ngokwasengqondweni;
  • iingqikelelo yophuhliso ngakumbi le meko;
  • iingcebiso ukuba kuqheleke karhulumente.

izimiso isiphetho engqondweni

ingxelo Psychological kuzinza ngokusekelwe-siseko ilandelayo:

• oluxwebhu aliyiyo uhlobo eqhelekileyo lokubhala, yaye oko ngendlela engqinelana yabo ulwazi ithiyori kwaye practical diagnostician;
• kwisigqibo engundoqo zinto ingxelo benjongo apho kwenziwa uphando;
• ukuba ingxelo engqondweni ibaluleke practical, kufuneka nakanjani liboniswe ubuntu abalasele ezinokuqwalaselwa njenge ukutenxa kwindlela esisetyenziswe ngayo kwimeko yesiqhelo;
• kufuneka beze kule amanyathelo azinzileyo umntu ukuba abe umsebenzi yokulungisa;
• isiphelo kufuneka ikhatshwe ulwazi olubanzi zophononongo (iikhweshine kunye neefom, njl);
• iinkcazelo kufuneka icace kwaye ibe njongo.

sifo Psychological neentlobo zayo

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iingcali ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nezigulane. Kule meko, umdla omkhulu kufundwa imiba efana kokuxilongwa psychological neentlobo zayo. Eyona eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• Uxilongo ngokusekelwe ekufumanekeni ubukho isici. Kulo isigulane iimpawu zengqondo eziqikelelwa, ngokusekelwe njengekhrayitheriya kwangaphambili, nto leyo ingqalelo eqhelekileyo.
• Ukucacisa ubungqongqo iimpawu ezithile. Kaninzi asetyenziswe kwesi sifundo, iqela labantu ubukho neempawu ezithile.

Isicelo kweziphumo zophando

diagnosis Psychological ungakwazi ukufumana isicelo yalo nkalo zilandelayo obenziwa ngabantu;

• oluvela yokufundisa kunye nenkqubo yezemfundo;
• abasebenza kwicandelo loqeqesho yobugcisa kunye nesikhokelo umsebenzi;
• umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni, ejolise bayeke zokwahluka bekwimo eqhelekileyo;
• Ubumeli (ngokuxhomekeke umgwebo sokuqeqeshelwa kumiselwa isohlwayo).

Iindlela eziphambili kokuxilongwa

Le ndlela iphambili ilandelayo loxilongo ngokwasengqondweni;

• indlela elihle - ngokusekelwe umfanekiso, ukubhala uvavanyo, eyenziwe ubume ezifunyanisiweyo;
• survey indlela - kwiimo ezikhethekileyo, emva ngokuzalisa le ngengqondo maziyingenise uxilongo efanelekileyo;
• indlela sociometric isetyenziselwa ukuchonga iindlela kolunxulumano kwindawo iqela labantu;
• indlela buqu ibandakanya ukufunda psychology ngabantu ngokususela inkcazo yobomi bakhe kuvuselelwa ezinye izigaba ezingundoqo;
• indlela kwezakhi - unesifo ngokusekelwe izifundo nomonde isizalwane;
• indlela abangamawele ijolise ekucaciseni uhlobo iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni yabantu (ukuba esizalwa okanye ezizizwe iimeko zangaphandle);
• iindlela zemathematika ukuvumela ukungqina nokucokisa hypothesis.

diagnosis Psychological ngokwe Vygotsky

Enye amanani abaninzi abadumileyo kummandla psychology luthathwa L. S. Vygotsky. Wayirhola ingqalelo eyodwa iingqiqo ezifana "sifo psychological" yaye "imbonakalo nasengqondweni." Zivela umbono wakhe, imixholo yazo idibana. Noko ke, ukuqikelela, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola kuphela abantu abakhoyo kodwa imeko edlulileyo yomguli, ngaleyo ndlela ngaphezulu okanye echanileyo ngaphantsi umfanekiso uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo.

Ngokuhambelana ithiyori Vygotsky, sinako ukwahlula manqanaba alandelayo esisiseko diagnosis ngokwasengqondweni;

• enokwehla - ingxelo kweempawu ezisekelwe kuyo kuphothulwe;
• etiologic - iqulathe ekuchongeni ingunobangela karhulumente ethile;
• typological - lelona nqanaba liphezulu uxilongo, nto leyo equka wokuchaza indawo ezinxaxhileyo kutyhilwa emfanekisweni yonke ubuntu engqondweni.

mpumelelo Vygotsky kufuneka siqwalaselwe kunye nokwaziswa gama ezifana "imeko lwentlalo yophuhliso." Yindlela yonxulumano lusekiwe phakathi umntu kunye nendawo yayo.

iSifo ebuntwaneni Common

Ungakhetha inxalenye elandelayo uxilongo nangokwasengqondweni abantwana:

• Uncamathiselo disorder - kukoyika yokuzahlula ezifana nabantu esibathandayo, kunye nezinto ezixabisekileyo. Oku kungenxa ilahleko yakutshanje okanye utshintsho elibukhali ndithanda. Oku kubonakala ukwimeko rhoqo ixhala kunye bodwa.
• Dizraptivnye izifo zokuziphatha eziquka umsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo kunye impulsivity. Abantwana unesifo enjalo rhoqo iseshushu kakhulu-wobulali, neenkani, novelwano. Ngelo xesha linye bakholisa umthetho abanye lubonakala ngumnqweno ngokugqithiseleyo ukuze ufumane into oyifunayo.
• izifo ngokunxibelelana azibonakali nangokubonakalisa nzima, ngomlomo okanye non-ngomlomo iingcinga zakhe. abantwana abanjalo badla luphawulwa kwintetho kade okanye slurred kunye manghanghamela.
• izifo Developmental zihambisana yokuziphatha kungalawuleki. abantwana basenokuba umntwana nephuku-ndlongo, nangokubona ngesiquphe. Ezi ukuphazamiseka zikhatshwa izakhono kakuhle zentlalo kunye nonxibelelwano.
• izifo bokuphila zibandakanya yokuphazamiseka kwinkqubo amandla, kwakunye neemfuno endalo lokunduluka. Baya ezinokubangelwa luxinzelelo olungamandla okanye kukothuka.
• kweepesente ezingama ziyabonakala ngokohlobo uxinezeleko nokunganaki. Kukwaquka kunye neengxaki eguquguqukayo, ezo zihamba ndibe manic, uvuselelo ngokugqithiseleyo nochulumanco.
• Ukuphazamiseka kunye ngemiqondiso yokulibaziseka mafutha kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni. Amaxesha amaninzi aba bantwana angenzi, ukufunda elide iindlela ezisisiseko (ezifana amaqhosha eqwalasele, njalo njalo).
• disorder Tic baqhele ukuba babe sofuzo okanye kungabangela kumaxhala kakhulu. Kuyinto iintshukumo ngokuzenzekelayo yaye spasmodic kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Amaninzi kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ezi ngxaki bodwa ukuya kwiminyaka esi-7.

Imithetho-siseko zokusingatha iSifo kwengqondo

umsebenzi lobungcali isigulana kwesiphumo kwesifo engqondweni. Psychodiagnostics bayazi le mimiselo iphambili ilandelayo:

• indlela ehlanganisiweyo ithetha isifundo ngokupheleleyo iindawo ezisisiseko ezifana ubuntu, indlela yokuziphatha kunye zobuntlola;
• ubunye Uxilongo nokulungisa;
• ukufunda epheleleyo lweempawu kwengqondo (ngexesha lesifundo kufuneka lwenziwe ukuchonga zonke iinkalo engqondweni);
• indlela yakho ibandakanya ingqalelo iimpawu ngamnye walo ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo kunye sabelo unyango;
• indlela umsebenzi kukuba ukusebenza isigulane kufuneka wenziwe ngokwemeko nakwiindawo zomsebenzi;
• Umgaqo okuhambisa ukufunda kuphela owona kodwa ithuba uphuhliso abo;
• indibanisela survey ngamnye koontanga kukukwazi ukutsala iingcali wesithathu ukuseka uxilongo kunye nonyango.

eyona misebenzi imihle ye ukusebenza nezigulane

uphethwe Psychological - yinto udidi enzima, ngoko iingcali kufuneka akhokelwe yimigaqo ethile, ukusebenzelana abathengi:

• ukwenza iingcebiso umguli, kuyimfuneko ukuba amnike inani izisombululo ezizezinye kwingxaki ukuba bekufuneka ukhethe, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zangaphandle;
• wengqondo kufuneka mazingapheleli nje nokwabiwa ezi ngcebiso, kunye nokunika uhlolo zesimo nganye amabhunga;
• akukho mfuneko ukuba ukunyanzelisa indlela egulayo yokuziphatha, okwakha yengqondo - isigulane kufuneka bakwazi self-ukhetho;
• iingcebiso Psychological akufuneki gxwa isigulane ngokuxhomekeke (ngeziphumo zalo isigulane kufuneka bafumane izakhono psychocorrection ezimeleyo) kwi ugqirha;
• umthengi kufuneka uhlale ukwazi kwakhona isicelo oyingcali, ukuba akanako ukumelana nale ngxaki;
• wengqondo akufuneki beyipasa isigulane yonke imihla yanelisekile ukuba babesiqonda iingcebiso yaye ilungele self-ingqesho.

iziphumo

Ingcamango loxilongo ngokwasengqondweni kuthetha ziziphumo kwimisebenzi oyingcali, leyo ijolise ekuchongeni yokwahluka kuphuhliso ubuntu, ukuphuhliswa iingcebiso kunye okubonisa urhulumente elizayo. Oku kubhekiselele Ukukwazi ukuqaphela ingxaki ngobuntu, kwakunye oonobangela zazo kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukuba sithetha ngeendlela sifo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo kuphononongo lomsebenzi zokuziphatha kunye neenkqubo nasengqondweni elawula oko. Ingqalelo ihlawulwe iindlela onoxanduva ukuhamba reactions-luvo, kunye neemeko apho iprofayile engqondweni yenziwe.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba okwangoku uhlawula ingqalelo enkulu kulo mba njenge sifo psychological neentlobo zayo. Umsebenzi ulawulo kukuphepha iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezo badla kwenziwa ziingcali. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ukuthetha kakhulu malunga nokungabikho ingqalelo kwisigulana, kuba iisayikholojisti adla kumava abo angaphambili. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele umncipheko sengqondo kwicala isigulane. A impazamo eqhelekileyo - unesifo ngenxa yokuvela mnye uhlalutyo olunzulu. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba kungenzeka kusini na ukusebenzisa itemplate iimeko yeengcingane ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo iimpawu ngamnye lomntu.

A nomqondo onjalo njenge "uphethwe" akuxhaphakanga kangaka bengqondo njenge "isiphelo". Nangona yokuba akukho uhlobo esisigxina, kukho inkqubo eqhelekileyo ukuba yenziwe. Ngenxa yoko, kweli candelo ngokubanzi iqulathe ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nomonde, kwakunye izikhalazo ezivela kuye (okanye abalindi). Kwakhona kufuneka kuchazwe iimpawu inkangeleko nokuziphatha yomguli, leyo zibalulekile imveliso loxilongo engqondweni, kwakunye iingxaki ezichongiweyo. Inxalenye ekhethekileyo iqulethe kuphela amagama kuphethwa, kodwa iingcebiso jikelele ukusombulula iingxaki ngembonakalo ezinye izenzakalo.

A igalelo elikhulu ngokwaneleyo kwithiyori nokuqhele ukwenziwa psychology wenza Isazinzulu L. S. Vygotsky. Wagqiba ukuba abantu abane kunye isifo iikhonsepthi unamalunga ngendlela efanayo. Noko ke, elinye imbaxa ngokubanzi kwaye ngakumbi, ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya kungekuphela nje ukufunda ixesha langoku, kodwa urhulumente elizayo. Vygotsky wazibalula Amanqanaba amathathu kokuxilongwa engqondweni. Enokwehla yeyona ilula kwaye ibandakanya kuphela ingxelo iimpawu ezicacileyo kunye angasebenzi. Ukuba sithethe kwinqanaba etiological, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ngenxa imfuneko ukufumana nokuhlalutya izizathu nokutenxa kokumiselweyo. Mancane ukuhlangabezana kwinqanaba typological, leyo icwangcisa inani iindawo ezinxaxhileyo ezikhoyo umfanekiso opheleleyo umntu.