Cave ingonyama - i irhamncwa wamandulo

Kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo uMhlaba kwakuhlala zizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo, ngoko eyaba extinct ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku ezi zilwanyana zidla ngokuba ngeefosili anqongophele. Izidumbu ugcinwe ngokohlobo amathambo skeleton kunye Skulls ezifumaneka ngabembi bezinto. Abaphandi ke kuqokelela ngenyameko onke amathambo kunye nokuzama oko ukubuyisela imbonakalo isilwanyana. Ngokwenza njalo, zisiza imizobo umqolomba, kwaye nkqu sculpture abangekaphuhli eshiywe ngabantu bamandulo, owayephila ngexesha elinye. Namhlanje, izazinzulu ziye kufika ukunceda computer lokuphinda umfanekiso wesilwanyana ezimbiwa. Cave ingonyama - uhlobo yezidalwa zamandulo, Akutywine akuvingce abazalwana ezincinane. Nkqu abantu bakudala bazama ukufumana ngeenxa kwindawo yayo.

Fossil esihamba emqolombeni ingonyama

Ngaloo Kwafunyaniswa yaye wachaza indlela yamandulo abaxhaphaza eziphili izazinzulu ziye igama ingonyama mqolomba. Amanxiwa amathambo esi silwanyana eziye zafunyanwa Asia, iYurophu kunye nomNtla Melika. Oku kubonisa ukuba ingonyama mqolomba wayehlala kwintsimi enkulu ukusuka Alaska ukuya British Isles. Igama lo hlobo, ukuba lilungisa, kuba yiloo nto afunyanwa inkoliso isidumbu sakhe skeletal kwi emiqolombeni. Kodwa emqolombeni kwasala kuphela izilwanyana wabangxwelerhiweyo kunye nokusweleka. Live kunye Hunt zathanda iindawo ezivulekileyo.

History of izovela

Inkcazelo yokuqala eneenkcukacha ingonyama mqolomba yenziwa yi-nzulu Russian kunye paleontologist UNikolai Kuzmich Vereshchagin. Kwincwadi yakhe, wabaxelela ngokweenkcukacha malunga ukubandakanya yezizwe yejografi zezilwanyana ukusasazwa kwayo, indawo yokuhlala, iimpawu ukutya, namantshontsho kunye nezinye iinkcukacha. Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuba "Le umqolomba lengonyama kunye nembali yayo kwi Holarctic yaye USSR" ebhalwe ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka emininzi yophando olunzulu nangoku umsebenzi yezenzululwazi kwi isifundo ezilwanyana zamandulo ezaba lilitye. izazinzulu Galoarktikoy such a yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye kumntla ikhweyitha.

Inkcazelo yesilwanyana

Cave ibhubesi irhamncwa elikhulu kunene, zalishumi ukuya buziikhilogram 350, ukuphakama kwi ibunile ka 120-150 cm kunye ubude umzimba ayi-2.5, ngaphandle nomsila. imilenze ezinamandla elide, nto leyo eyenza irhamncwa isilwanyana ende. Iinwele Ubuthelezi kwaye elifutshane, umbala - ewe, monochromatic, isanti kunye ndiyingwevu, ukuba eyamnceda ukuba zizenze ngexesha ukuzingela. pelage Ubusika oluchumileyo ngakumbi kwaye basindiswe yokubanda. Avuse e kweengonyama umqolomba khange, njengoko kuboniswa imizobo emqolombeni kubantu bakudala. Kodwa ke ibhrashi kwi ngomsila ekhoyo kwi imifanekiso emininzi. irhamncwa yaMandulo waphefumlela ookhokho bethu uloyiko uphaphazele.

emqolombeni ingonyama intloko wawumkhulu kakhulu, kunye imihlathi ezinamandla. తీసివేయి Susa ezizingelayo eziphili ngaphandle ebheka efanayo njengeengonyama mihla, kodwa amazinyo kusekho omkhulu ngakumbi. canines ababini kwemihlathi yangasentla bagwayimbile imbonakalo yazo: ubude isilwanyana ngasinye canine yaba 11-11.5 cm. Ubume bale emihlathini తీసివేయి Susa ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ingonyama umqolomba utshaba yaye ukumelana izilwanyana ezinkulu kakhulu.

Zokuhlala nokuzingela

On imizobo esematyeni kuye kuboniswe njengeqela kweengonyama umqolomba ubasukelayo ixhoba enye. Oku kubonisa ukuba amarhamncwa babehlala ziintlobo nokuzingela kwenziwa ngokudibeneyo. Uhlalutyo ithambo kuhlala ezilwanyana ezifumaneka yokuhlala kweengonyama umqolomba, ibonisa ukuba ayehlasela nezamaxhamakazi, iielk, iinyathi, ukhenketho, yak, must iinkomo kunye nezinye izilwanyana, bahlangana kule ndawo ethile. ixhoba yabo kuba mammoths abaselula, iinkamela, imikhombe, iimvubu kunye neebhere mqolomba. Izazinzulu musa ukuvala amathuba ukuhlaselwa ezidla kunye mammoths abadala, kodwa kuphela phantsi kweemeko kakuhle oku. Ingakumbi on bakudala abantu Cave ingonyama othathe. Umntu usenokuba lixhoba utshaba xa isilwanyana beza indawo, ahlala abantu. kuphela abantu abagulayo okanye omdala ngokuqhelekileyo ekhwela emiqolombeni. Eyedwa, umntu akwazi ukumelana lirhamncwa, kodwa ukukhuselwa nemibutho yabasebenzi ukusetyenziswa komlilo nako ukusindisa abantu, okanye abanye babo. Ezi iingonyama extinct babomelele, kodwa ayizange ukusindisa ekufeni ethile.

Izizathu ezinokwenzeka wokubhanga

ukufa Mass kunye ukuphela kweengonyama emqolombeni zenzeke ekupheleni kwexesha, nto leyo zizazinzulu Ongasekhoyo Pleistocene. Eli xesha laphela malunga kwiminyaka 10,000 eyadlulayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ukuphela Pleistocene baba mammoths extinct kunye nezinye izilwanyana, leyo ngoku obizwa ngokuba izibonelelo. Izizathu ukuphelelwa kweengonyama umqolomba iyaqwalaselwa:

• utshintsho sezulu;
• ekuguqulweni landscape;
• imisebenzi yomntu kwakudala.

utshintsho lwemozulu mhlaba yephule kwindawo ayiqhelileyo ngokwabo iingonyama, nezilwanyana apho zidla. Aphulwa ikhonkco lokutya, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ekutshabalaleni ubunzima uhlaza, ndayihluthwa ukutya kuyimfuneko, kwaye emva kwabo saphela, eziyingozi.

Man njengoko unobangela wokufa ngobuninzi izilwanyana efosili ixesha elide, nto ayizange ngqalelo. Kodwa izazinzulu ezininzi sinikele ingqalelo into yokuba abantu bakudala rhoqo yaye kuphuculwe. Kwakukho ezintsha iintlobo izixhobo, ukuzingela, ubuchule kuzingela ngcono. Le ndoda ngokwayo lwaza ukutya izilwanyana ezitya izityalo kunye amarhamncwa baye bafunda ukumelana. Oku kungakhokelela ekubeni kwanokupheliswa kwalo nezilwanyana, kuquka njengengonyama mqolomba. Ngoku uyazi uhlobo izilwanyana ziye into ezingakhuli uphuhliso lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu.

Xa ujonga impembelelo etshabalalisayo yabantu kwindalo, uguqulelo ibizezamandulo yokubandakanyeka abantu yokuduka kweengonyama umqolomba, namhlanje akubonakali kumnandi.