Indlela yokuthelekisa-imbali in Ezolimi

Imbali ulwazi ndlela iquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Esebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo iqhutywa ngezenzeko kwingqiqo okukwiqondo omnye okanye omnye.

indlela Ukuthelekiswa-zembali - le ndlela yenzululwazi, nto leyo uzimisele usebenzisa i "jikelele," yaye "ekhethekileyo" kwi nesenzeko. Nayo iya kwazi amanqanaba ahlukeneyo kuphuhliso ezimbini ezahlukeneyo okanye enye isenzeko efanayo.

indlela yokuthelekisa-yembali kwenza kube lula ukubona kwaye uthelekise iinguqu ezenzekileyo kuphuhliso into yokufunda, kwakunye nokuchonga iindawo ezifuna inkqubela engaphezulu.

Iingcali bazihlela zenyathi eziliqela yale ndlela kwingqiqo. Ngoko ke, kukho indlela lothelekiso yokuthelekisa (etyhila uhlobo izinto), zembali kunye typological (zichazwe ngokwemigaqo nemiqathango wophuhliso kunye nesisekelo yokufana nesenzeko ezinganxulumananga ngokuzalwa), zembali kunye genetic (ingqalelo uze uchonge iimfano ezisekelwe nomini yi imvelaphi). Angawodwa njenge ndlela yokwazi, apho impembelelo efanayo eliqikelelwayo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo.

indlela yokuthelekisa-umlando isethi ubuchule ngayo zingqina ubudlelwane iilwimi ezithile abuyisele yayenzekile kwimbali uphuhliso lwabo. It yadalwa ngale ndlela kolwazi ngenkulungwane ye-19. Abaseki zalo izazinzulu eseleyo (Alexander Vostokov, uYakobi Grimm, Franz Bopp, Rasmus Rusk).

Ezinye iilwimi kuvela amagama afanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuboleka. Kukho abo abangafane Kwathi ukusuka kolunye ulwimi kuye kolunye. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, izichazi ukubonisa iimpawu ezininzi elula, amagama amalungu omzimba yaye njalo njalo. Isiphelo amagama oluguqulweyo ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye akayi ezihambayo. Noko ke, ngokufuthi efanayo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, isizathu kukuba ezi result ekupheleni kuphuhliso omnye ilizwi, ngoxa bona ngokwabo iilwimi apho zinqongophele khona, le ke inzala "wokuqala ulwimi".

indlela yokuthelekisa-zembali kubandakanya iindlela ezininzi yophando.

Lisetyenziswa kumaxesha amaninzi ulwamkelo ngokutsha amazwe. Umele ukuchongwa kwamagama zemfuza ncam kunye morphemes ngeelwimi ezinxulumeneyo. Ngelo xesha linye bafumana iziphumo zotshintsho rhoqo isandi lomthombo ulwimi. Ukongeza, ukuba usebenzisa indlela yokwakha umfuziselo ulwimi umzali ezingenzeka kunye nemithetho nokurhoxiswa morphemes athile inzala. Xa wonge kakhulu inani elikhulu morphemes enxulumene kunye nembali nto inzima kakhulu phonetic ka kwinzala iziphumo utshintsho isandi asebenze ukuvumelana phakathi iilwimi ezinxulumeneyo. Kwenye imeko, ukuphawulwa utshintsho isandi kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kuvuselelwa manqanaba eziphakathi zophuhliso. Kule labhalwa wafunda amaqela kunye nomnye kwi usapho iilwimi.

Isetyenziswa njengento ulwamkelo ngokutsha lwangaphakathi. Kulo mzekelo, zibonisa ubume ngokulinganayo zolwimi-ngqo ngezimanga ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho amanye amacandelo inkqubo nisaqala yophuhliso lwayo.

Kukho indlela uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo amagama abolekiweyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, abaphengululi itsalwa ulwazi kuvimba lwamagama ndawo. Umfanekiso yokwakha inkxalabo yonke inkqubo amacala zolwimi: morphonology, phonology, lungelelanisa, morphological, kwezivakalisi (ngandlel 'ithile). Kunye nale imifuziselo eyenziwe ayikwazi lifike ngqo yesiqalo ngokoqobo. ngokutsha abafundileyo zibonisa kuphela ulwazi malunga nayo, apho kuya nakanjani ingagqitywanga, ngenxa ekungakwazini lokuphinda i inkcaso yezandi, iingcambu, njl, unyamalale zonke iilwimi ezilandelayo.