Basques - ngubani na le nto? Basco bantu

Basques - abantu abahlala ekuthiwa-Basque Country, ibekwe kumantla eSpeyin ntshona eFransi. imvelaphi yayo - omnye eemfihlelo ezinkulu hayi kuphela Europe kodwa ukuze ihlabathi liphela.

Ngoobani aba Basques? abazange beze bevela phi? Xa siqwalasela ezi imiba ngabemi indawo, i Basques - yinto iSpanish kunye isiFrentshi, kuba bahlala eSpeyin France. Kodwa kutheni aba bantu bathethileyo kule ulwimi ingaqhelekanga, hayi ngokungafaniyo naluphi na olunye ulwimi? Njani na ukuba ngaphezu zeminyaka iimfazwe umbulo impucuko Basque iye igcinwe ubuni balo? Relative kwiqela banikwe uhlanga kusekho imibuzo emininzi ukuba abaphandi kodwa awukwazi ukufumana iimpendulo. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukujongana nabo ke Basques, uze uthethe ukuba siphile ngayo namhlanje, ezi vukela yaseYurophu kunye nabanekratshi.

Le etymology igama

Ukuze siqonde intsingiselo yegama elithi "Basque", kufuneka ujonge imbali. Eli gama livela kwi Vasco Latin - njalo kuxokwa Vasconi yamandulo, owayehlala pre-Roman kunye namaxesha baseRoma kwintsimi apho Basques Spanish ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuphela abantu ababandakanyekayo genesis zabo. ookhokho Basque baba Aquitani kunye, mhlawumbi, Cantabria, ukuze ngoku ingabonwa ebalulekileyo dialectal ukuqhekeka.

imvelaphi

izifundo ezibalulekileyo zemvelo wamisa ukohluka kwabantu phambi kwethu. Basques - kwabantu igazi lelona liphezulu kuwo onke baseYurophu umyinge negative rhesus- (25 pesenti) kwaye enye amaqhezu iphezulu igazi enxulumene uhlobo D (55 pesenti). Kukho iiyantlukwano abukhali kakhulu yemfuza phakathi kwamalungu eli qela uhlanga kunye nezinye iintlanga, ingakumbi eSpeyin. Ngoko ke, umntu ngenkankulu bathi Basques - oku Catalans.

Uluhlu iinguqulelo malunga nemvelaphi yabantu twisiseka libanzi kakhulu. Ngelo xesha ndiya kuxoxwa hypothesis ukuba Basques - oko Armenia. Emva koko wavakalisa acinga ukuba - Georgians amandulo ukusuka kummandla we yanamhlanje-eGeorgia sele ukusuka kwixesha bafudukele kudaladala ukuya weIberia Peninsula.

Cro-Magnon umntu phakathi kwethu?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inguqulelo ukuba Basques baka Armenia okanye Georgians ukugcina amathuba provability, kodwa izazinzulu ezininzi bayavuma ukuba abantu bomthonyama of Europe, kuba wehla ngqo ukusuka Cro-Magnon, iminyaka enye inkulungwane 35 eyadlulayo, weza emhlabeni baseYurophu Afrika uze uhlale apho.

Cro-Magnon umntu mhlawumbi abazange bathathe inxaxheba nayiphi imfuduko elandelayo kwezizwe, ngokuba abembi na baye bafumana ubungqina ukuthetha utshintsho labemi kule ndawo ngawo onke amaxesha, de kufike ngamaRoma. Ke bonke abantu abazibiza namhlanje ngokwabo baseYurophu, xa kuthelekiswa ne Basques aba abantwana nje. Yinto emangalisayo akunjalo?

Eskuara

Basques True - abo kwasekuzalweni abathetha ulwimi elibizwa igama "eskuara". ngoku aba bantu uyawabala malunga nesigidi esinye, apho ngaphezu kwesibhozo ikhulu lamawaka abantu abahlala eSpeyin, ngaphezu ikhulu lamawaka - eFransi, kwaye abanye - eUnited States in Latin America.

Imfihlakalo izazi eskuara kufuna ukusombulula ixesha elide. Abanye abaphandi hypothesize ukuba ibereyskim zemfuza ulwimi Basque ezinxulumene nolwimi, nto leyo ngoku engasekho; abanye ukuxhasa le mbono, kodwa ekwakheni eskuara kwinguqulo ngokwesiseko Afro-Asia wazalwa kwingcinga yokuba izinyanya ezi Basques amaYuda. Ngoko ke, ngo-1900, ihlabathi wabona incwadi J. Espanyol, umphathi French, apho aveza imvelaphi yabantu eyimfihlo bezithanga Spartan, waba iingcambu yamaYuda.

Abantu - ulwimi

Ngelo xesha, ndiye ndazama iyahlangana eskuara kwakunye Arabic, uze emva koko - ukuba yaseJapan, akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakukho intelekelelo yokuba ulwimi Basque linxulumene iilwimi zezizwe amadlelo abahlala eNtshona Afrika. Kunjalo, zonke yeengcinga azikhange iqinisekisiwe. Kutshanje ngeelwimi French benza olunye isifundo yaye zingqina ukuba eskuara ilulwimi lokuzimela kwaye nangenxa namawaka asibhozo eminyaka, ukususela Paleolithic, kuphuhliswa ngokuzimeleyo. Lo mnye-of-a-uhlobo lolwimi pre-Roman lwaseYurophu, kwelingaphantsi amawaka eminyaka ifikelele ixesha lethu.

indlela yokuphila

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, le Basques - abantu twisiseka abahlala ikakhulu kummandla mazwe mabini - Spain kunye neFransi. Kumaphondo Basque French, zonke izindlu amhlophe kwaye ziqulathe ebomvu izinto ngamaplanga. Isakhiwo yemveli zamatye aye alondolozwa kuphela ezintabeni. Ngokubanzi, i Basques ziyivela kakhulu izithethe. Yaye izixeko namagxamesi baba - abatsha nabadala - ukudlala pelota, amalungiselelo kukhuphiswano inkunzi, isemzimbeni iintloko berets dumeke. Olu hlanga encinane isazisi esisodwa uhlanga.

Indlela emi ngayo Basques

Basques - nangona bangoobani - efanayo kwamanye abemi saseIberia usitya semithombo fun. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nale nobona kushushu wobulali kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba nesimo sengqondo, okanye iimvakalelo musa ukuthintela ukuba wokuqwlasela indlela wayengusolusapho yobomi. Oku kusebenza ingakumbi Basques, abahlala kude kumaziko mveliso. Abemi kwiindawo ezisezintabeni unqulo kakhulu (inkoliso yabo - amaKatolika Orthodox) kwaye baphile ubomi ngasese.

ekhishini

Enye kakhulu eYurophu ithathwa ukuba cuisine Basque, kwaye hayi ukusetyenziswa iresiphi nobunzima kakhulu, kodwa into yokuba olu hlanga ukudala izitya becala usebenzisa iimveliso kuphela fresh. Ngokomzekelo, xa zivuthwe iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, le Basques abazidlayo zona; xa kuxhelwa, badle inyama. Pickling, yityuwa, ukukhenkcisa - zonke ezi zinto kunye nezinye okusilelayo ezifana alithathwanga kule hlanga. Basques ukhetha ukusebenzisa ukutya iphekiweyo okanye iyabiliswa, zaphantse musani ukudla ukutya du, yaye musa ukusebenzisa nobulawu. Esityeni idumileyo - cod in isosi ezimhlophe kunye amaphiko Pike yathamba. Basques ezifana amakhowa, athom, irayisi, kwaselwandle. Benza zonke iintlobo dessert kunye neenkozo zepistasi, namaqunube, iziqhamo kunye nobisi. Olu hlanga uvelisa zamasi ocoliweyo, newayini.

iimpahla

khangela oluhle kakhulu iimpahla Basques. Female ibandakanya blue oluchumileyo okanye umbhinqo blue kunye nebhatyi short black ezihonjiswe ngentsontelo yemisonto kunye appliques obukhanyayo. Izinto ezithandwa kakhulu le ilokhwe - oko velvet kunye chintz. isuti Men yeyona nebhulukhwe emxinwa emnyama okanye emdaka, iikawusi ezimnyama, umbhinqo we umbala omnye, ingubo emnyama kunye ibhatyi ulusu okanye izihlunu ashinyeneyo kunye amaqhosha obukhanyayo.

Ukuze yasinda iisampulu rhandzana iimpahla Basque isuka eMiddle Ages ngasekupheleni (ngenkulungwane ye-16). Yaba ingubo zeegusha, ngomsonto yomgrayo athungwe emacaleni yaye ofunda le entloko.

ntlokoma imbali

Imizamo ukwahlula kummandla eyayihlala Basques asusela elesithandathu kwiinkulungwane yesibhozo. Maxa wambi, la mazwe akhiwe kumacala omabini zasePyrenees, ephethwe yi eNgilani, Aquitaine, eSpeyin, France. Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha wayefuna abanini ukubenza ngokupheleleyo "ezinyibilikayo 'abantu twisiseka. Ekugqibeleni ulongamo Basque uye watshintsha Inkululeko lendawo: kangangeenkulungwane ngaphezulu kahlanu Basques eFransi Spain babe iwonga kunye namalungelo elubalweni, urhwebo, kunye emkhosini.

Onke la malungiselelo ziqulathwe ikhowudi yemveli lwemithetho, indawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "fueros". Yonke imizi, uluntu lwasemaphandleni, iilali, iidolophu waba fueros zabo, kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, amaziko karhulumente Basque ziye zapheliswa, fueros zabucala kutshatyalaliswa kunye nemimandla zaye zabandakanywa urhulumente Spanish abe yinxalenye yenkqubo yolawulo nesemthethweni eSpeyin.

Ukususela ngelo xesha kwakukho ongacimiyo, abanothando, zokunyanzelisa wazincama umnqweno ukuba urhulumente eyahlukileyo Basque.

Inkululeko-enothando abanekratshi

Emva nokuphelisa ngowe-1937 lo ukuzimela Basque kwakukho intshukumo yabantu kazwelonke self-determination. Xa amahlanu zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, umbutho abagrogrisi "Euskadi Ta Askatasuna" (- LE eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "Homeland ne Freedom", kuba ezimfutshane) yasekwa. Iminyaka mahlanu, kunye uhlaselo olwalusenziwa bafa phakathi kwabantu 800.

Kutsha nje oku, elandela abanezimvo Irish, babhengeza nokupheliswa komsebenzi abanqolobi. Kodwa elide kangakanani? Ngapha koko, le mali zizothuso Basque liqulethe ngaphezu kwesigidi kweshumi kowethu ... Kakade ke, ndingathanda ithemba kwaye nikholwe ukuba okulungileyo. Nkqu Basques, nkqu nabo bahlala kwimimandla ekwanti, ediniwe ukuba igama olungagungqiyo, zokunyanzelisa anegazi kwamabango abo abantu. Enyanisweni, kodwa andiyithandi ...